治太阳病，项背强KT KT ，无汗恶风者，亦治太阳阳明合病必自下利者。〔（此条据
喻注。当去麻黄。）伤寒有并病。有合病。本经未解，传入他经，有催并之义，为并病。二
经三经同受邪者为合病，合病者，邪气甚也。太阳阳明合病，其证头痛，腰痛，肌热，鼻干
，目痛，脉浮大而长。头腰，太阳也。肌目鼻，阳明也。浮大，太阳也。脉长，阳明也。阳
经合病，必自下利。邪并于阳，则阳实而阴虚。阳外实而不主里，则里虚，故下利。吴鹤皋
曰∶庸医便为伤寒漏底不治，不知与此汤以散经中表邪，则阳不实而阴气平，利不治而自止
矣。赵嗣真曰∶合病者，二阳经，或三阳经，同病不移者也。并病者，一经先受病。又过一
经，两经同病也。如太阳阳明，若并而未尽，犹在两经，仲景所谓太阳证不罢。而赤，阳气
怫
太
罢
少阳阳明合病，主承气汤。三阴有两感而无合病，合病不传经，并病亦与传经异。太阳多传
变
传太阴，谓之误下传。太阳传少阴，谓之表里传。水胜火，火胜水，此南北二方之变，顷刻
害人。辨之不早，必成不救。太阳传厥阴，谓之首尾传。三阴不至于首，唯厥阴与督脉上行
，与太阳相接，又名巡经得度传。炎变至重，不为不多矣。〕
葛根（四两） 麻黄 生姜 桂枝 芍药 甘草（炙二两） 大枣（十二枚擘） 先煮
麻黄葛根，
成氏曰∶轻可去实，葛根麻黄之属是也，此以中风表实，故加二物于桂枝汤中。
除麻黄，名桂枝加葛根汤。（仲景）治太阳病。项背强KT KT 。反汗出恶风者。（
KTKT 者，颈不
根一味，则两经尽解
利但呕。（喻嘉言曰∶
上行，故合阳明胃中之
然上逆则必加半夏入葛
自止尔。葛根汤，即第
治发热，恶寒，头痛，项强，伤寒温病。
治疗太阳病，出现项背部拘急不舒、无汗且怕风的症状，也用于治疗太阳与阳明合病且必然出现自发性腹泻的情况。〔（这一条依据喻嘉言的注释。应当去掉麻黄。）伤寒中有并病和合病的区别。本经的病邪未解，传入其他经络，有“并”的意思，称为并病。两经或三经同时受邪气的称为合病，合病意味着邪气很盛。太阳阳明合病，其症状表现为头痛、腰痛、肌肉发热、鼻干、眼睛痛，脉象浮大而长。头和腰属于太阳经。肌肉、眼睛和鼻子属于阳明经。脉浮大属于太阳经。脉长属于阳明经。阳经合病，必然会出现自发性腹泻。邪气并入阳分，则阳气实而阴气虚。阳气在外部充实而不能固护内部，则内部虚弱，所以导致腹泻。吴鹤皋说：庸医往往认为这是伤寒导致的漏底泄泻而不治，不知道用这个汤剂来疏散经络中的表邪，那么阳气就不会过实而阴气平和，腹泻不用治疗也会自行停止。赵嗣真说：合病是指两阳经或三阳经同时发病且不转移的病症。并病是指一经先受病，然后又传至另一经，导致两经同病。如太阳阳明，如果并病但未完全传变，仍然在两经之间，就是仲景所说的太阳证未罢。而赤色，阳气郁结。少阳阳明合病，主治承气汤。三阴经只有两感而没有合病，合病不传经，并病也与传经不同。太阳多传变为太阴，称为误下传。太阳传少阴，称为表里传。水胜火，火胜水，这是南北二方的变化，顷刻间就能害人。辨别得不早，必然成为不治之症。太阳传厥阴，称为首尾传。三阴经不至于首，只有厥阴与督脉上行，与太阳相接，又名巡经得度传。炎变到了严重的程度，不为不多矣。〕
葛根（四两） 麻黄 生姜 桂枝 芍药 甘草（炙二两） 大枣（十二枚掰开） 先煮麻黄和葛根，
成无己说：轻清的药物可以去实邪，葛根、麻黄这类药物就是如此，这是因为中风表实证，所以在桂枝汤中加入这两味药。
去掉麻黄，名为桂枝加葛根汤。（张仲景）治疗太阳病，项背部拘急不舒，反而汗出且怕风。（KTKT指颈部僵硬不灵活，不能自如转动）。只有一味葛根，则两经的病都能解除。但呕吐者，（喻嘉言说：葛根上行，故合阳明胃中之气，然上逆则必加半夏入葛根汤中，自然停止。葛根汤，即第... 治疗发热，恶寒，头痛，项强，伤寒温病。）
Indicated for Taiyang disease (Taiyang disease), presenting with stiffness and tightness in the nape, back, and limbs (Xiangbei qiang ji ji ji), absence of sweating, and aversion to wind. It is also indicated for concurrent diseases of Taiyang and Yangming meridians characterized by spontaneous diarrhea. [This clause is based on Yu Jia Yan's annotation. Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) should be omitted.] In Shanghan (Cold Damage), there are Bingbing (Concurrent Disease) and Hebing (Combined Disease). When the pathogen in the primary meridian has not resolved and transmits to other meridians, it implies "merging," termed Bingbing. When two or three meridians are simultaneously affected by pathogens, it is termed Hebing; Hebing indicates a severe pathogenic factor. In Taiyang-Yangming Hebing, symptoms include headache, lower back pain, muscle fever, nasal dryness, eye pain, and a pulse that is floating, large, and long. The head and waist belong to the Taiyang meridian. Muscles, eyes, and nose belong to the Yangming meridian. Floating and large pulse characteristics relate to Taiyang; a long pulse relates to Yangming. Concurrent diseases of Yang meridians inevitably lead to spontaneous diarrhea. When pathogens merge into the Yang aspect, Yang becomes excess and Yin becomes deficient. If Yang is externally excess and fails to govern the interior, the interior becomes deficient, resulting in diarrhea. Wu Hegao stated: Quack doctors often consider this as untreatable leakage-type diarrhea due to Cold Damage, unaware that using this decoction to disperse exterior pathogens from the meridians will prevent Yang from becoming excessive and harmonize Yin, causing the diarrhea to cease spontaneously without specific treatment. Zhao Sizhen stated: Hebing refers to simultaneous onset in two or three Yang meridians without migration. Bingbing refers to one meridian being initially diseased, followed by transmission to another, resulting in simultaneous disease in both meridians. For example, in Taiyang-Yangming, if Bingbing is incomplete and remains in both meridians, it corresponds to Zhang Zhongjing's description of "Taiyang syndrome not yet resolved." Regarding redness, Yang Qi is constrained. Shaoyang-Yangming Hebing is primarily treated with Chengqi Tang. The Three Yin meridians have Lianggan (Double Contraction) but no Hebing; Hebing does not transmit, and Bingbing differs from transmission. Taiyang often transmits to Taiyin, termed Wuxia Chuan (Transmission via Erroneous Purging). Taiyang transmitting to Shaoyin is termed Biaoli Chuan (Exterior-Interior Transmission). Water overcoming Fire, and Fire overcoming Water, represent variations between the North and South regions, capable of harming people instantly. If differentiation is delayed, it becomes incurable. Taiyang transmitting to Jueyin is termed Shouwei Chuan (Head-Tail Transmission). The Three Yin meridians do not reach the head; only Jueyin ascends with the Du Meridian, connecting with Taiyang, also known as Xunjing Dedu Chuan. Inflammatory changes become severe, indeed significant. [End of annotation]
Ge Gen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix, 4 liang), Ma Huang (Ephedrae Herba, 麻黄), Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, 生姜), Gui Zhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, 桂枝), Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix Alba, 芍药), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Melle, 炙甘草, 2 liang), Da Zao (Jujubae Fructus, 12 pieces, split). First boil Ma Huang and Ge Gen.
Cheng Wuji stated: Light and clear substances can dispel excess; Ge Gen and Ma Huang are examples thereof. This formula adds these two herbs to Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) because of Wind-strike Exterior Excess syndrome.
Removing Ma Huang yields Guizhi Jia Ge Gen Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction plus Pueraria Root Decoction). (Zhang Zhongjing) treats Taiyang disease with stiffness and tightness in the nape and back (Xiangbei qiang ji ji ji), accompanied by sweating and aversion to wind. (Qiji ji ji refers to neck stiffness preventing free movement). Using only Ge Gen resolves both meridians. However, for vomiting, (Yu Jiayan stated: Ge Gen ascends, thus combining with the Stomach Qi of the Yangming meridian; however, if Qi rebels upward, Ban Xia must be added to the Ge Gen formulation, and it will stop spontaneously. Ge Gen Tang is... treating fever, aversion to cold, headache, and neck stiffness in Shanghan and Wenbing.)