（仲景） 治伤寒少阴病，始得之，反发热，脉沉者。（少阴病，脉微细但欲寐是也。
太阳膀胱，与少阴肾，相为表里。肾虚，故太阳之邪，直入而脉沉，余邪未尽入里
此证谓之表里传，非两感也。）
麻黄（二两去节） 细辛（一两） 附子（一枚炮去皮切八片） 先煮麻黄，去上沫，
内辛附煮，
发热，故曰
太阳之寒而
去细辛。加甘草。名麻黄附子甘草汤。
仲景曰∶少阴病，得之二三日，麻黄附子甘草汤微发汗，以二三日无里证，故微发汗也。
（
发
表
肿
（钱仲阳） 治阳明伤寒中风，头疼身痛，发热恶寒，无汗口渴，目痛鼻干，不得
及阳明发斑，欲出不出，寒暄不时，人多疾疫。（三阳皆有头痛，故头痛属表。六经皆
痛。在阳经，则烦痛拘急。风寒在表，故发热恶寒。寒外束，故无汗。热入里，故口渴
明脉络鼻，侠目，故目痛鼻干。阳明属胃，胃受邪，故不安卧。此其受邪之初，犹未及
也。阳邪入胃，里实表虚，故发斑。细如蚊点为疹，大若锦纹为斑。）
升麻（三钱） 葛根 芍药（二钱） 甘草（一钱炙） 加姜煎。头痛，加川芎白芷。
（川芎为通
二药。）热
热。）头面
咽。）斑出
参。胃虚食
阳明多气多血，寒邪伤人，则血气为之壅滞。辛能达表，轻可去实，故以升葛辛轻之品，
发
葛根为君，升麻为佐，甘草芍药以安其中。）升麻甘草，升阳解毒，故又治时疫。（感时疫者
，必先入胃，故用阳明胃药。）伤寒未入阳明者，勿服，恐反引表邪入阳明也。斑疹已出者
，勿服，恐重虚其表也。（麻痘已见红点，则不可服。阳明为表之里，升葛阳明正药。凡斑
疹欲出未出之际，宜服此汤，以透其毒。不可便服寒剂，以攻其热。又不可发汗攻下，虚其
表里之气。如内热甚，加黄连犀角青黛大青知母石膏黄芩黄柏玄参之类。若斑势稍退，潮热
谵语，不大便，可用大柴胡加芒硝。调胃承气下之。）
（张仲景）治疗伤寒少阴病，初起时，反而出现发热，脉象沉细的症状。（所谓少阴病，是指脉象微细、精神萎靡只想睡觉的病证。足太阳膀胱经与足少阴肾经互为表里。若肾气虚弱，则太阳经的邪气会直接侵入体内导致脉象沉伏，但其余邪气尚未完全入里。这种病症称为“表里传”，并非两感于寒。）
麻黄（二两，去节） 细辛（一两） 附子（一枚，炮制后去皮，切成八片）先煮麻黄，去掉水面上的浮沫，再加入细辛和附子同煮。
[注：此处原文有脱漏或错简，根据上下文及方义，通常理解为若兼有表证未解等特定情况下的加减法，但原文仅列出“发热，故曰 / 太阳之寒而 / 去细辛。加甘草。名麻黄附子甘草汤。”意指若病情变化或针对特定证型，去掉细辛，加入甘草，命名为麻黄附子甘草汤。]
张仲景说：“少阴病，发病二三天，使用麻黄附子甘草汤轻微发汗，因为发病二三天还没有出现里证，所以只需轻微发汗。”
（钱乙）治疗阳明伤寒或中风，症状包括头痛身痛、发热恶寒、无汗口渴、眼睛疼痛、鼻子干燥、无法安卧，以及阳明经发斑，斑疹欲出而未出，寒热交替不定，人群易患瘟疫。（三阳经都会引起头痛，所以头痛属于表证。六经都可能疼痛。如果在阳经，则表现为烦躁疼痛、拘急。风寒在体表，所以发热恶寒。寒气外束，所以无汗。热气入里，所以口渴。阳明经脉经过鼻子，夹持眼睛，所以眼睛疼痛、鼻子干燥。阳明经属于胃，胃受邪气侵袭，所以不能安卧。这是受邪的初期，尚未深入脏腑。阳邪进入胃中，导致里实表虚，所以发生发斑。细小如蚊叮咬点的称为疹，大如锦缎纹路的称为斑。）
升麻（三钱） 葛根 芍药（二钱） 甘草（一钱，炙用）加生姜煎服。如果头痛，加川芎、白芷。（川芎和白芷是治疗头面疼痛的要药。）如果有热，加黄连、石膏等清热药。如果咽喉肿痛，加桔梗、玄参等利咽药。如果斑疹已出，加人参等扶正药。如果胃虚食少，加陈皮、茯苓等健脾药。
阳明经多气多血，寒邪伤人，会导致气血壅滞。辛味药物能通达表邪，轻清的药物可以去除实邪，所以选用升麻、葛根等轻清辛散的药物。以葛根为君药，升麻为佐药，甘草、芍药来调和脾胃。（升麻、甘草能升举阳气、解毒，所以又用于治疗时行疫病。感受时疫邪气的人，邪气必先入胃，所以使用调理阳明胃经的药物。）伤寒病邪尚未传入阳明经的，不要服用此方，恐怕反而引表邪入阳明经。斑疹已经发出的，不要服用，恐怕进一步损伤表气。（麻疹痘疮已经见到红点，则不可服用。阳明经是表的内部，升麻、葛根是治疗阳明经的正药。凡是斑疹欲出未出的时候，适宜服用此汤，以透发毒邪。不可以立即服用寒凉药物来攻伐热邪。也不可以发汗或攻下，以免损伤表里之气。如果内热很重，可加黄连、犀角、青黛、大青叶、知母、石膏、黄芩、黄柏、玄参等药物。如果斑势稍退，出现潮热、谵语、大便不通，可用大柴胡汤加芒硝，或用调胃承气汤攻下。）
(Zhang Zhongjing) Treats Shaoyin disease (Shaoyin Syndrome) of Cold Damage (Shanghan), where upon initial onset, there is fever and a deep pulse. (Shaoyin disease is characterized by a faint and thin pulse and a desire to sleep with listlessness. The Foot-Taiyang Bladder channel and the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney channel are interior-exteriorly related. Due to Kidney deficiency, pathogenic factors from the Taiyang channel directly invade, causing a deep pulse, while residual pathogens have not fully entered the interior. This condition is termed "transmission between exterior and interior," not simultaneous contraction of two channels.)
Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) (2 liang, remove nodes)
Cibotii Rhizoma (Xixin, 细辛) (1 liang)
Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi, 附子) (1 piece, prepared, peel removed, cut into 8 slices)
Boil Ephedrae Herba first, remove the foam on the surface, then add Cibotii Rhizoma and Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata to boil together.
[Note: The original text contains fragmented sentences regarding modifications. It implies that if specific conditions arise or for a modified prescription, Cibotii Rhizoma is removed and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma is added, naming it Mahuang Fuzi Gancao Tang.]
Zhang Zhongjing stated: "In Shaoyin disease, after two or three days, use Mahuang Fuzi Gancao Tang to induce slight sweating. Because there are no interior symptoms after two or three days, only slight sweating is required."
(Qian Zhongyang [Qian Yi]) Treats Yangming Cold Damage or Wind-Strike, presenting with headache and body pain, fever and aversion to cold, anhidrosis, thirst, eye pain, nasal dryness, inability to lie down comfortably, as well as Yangming macules (ban), where rashes attempt to emerge but fail to do so, alternating chills and fever, and prone to epidemic diseases. (All three Yang channels can cause headaches, thus headache belongs to the exterior. Pain can occur in all six channels. If in the Yang channels, it manifests as irritability, pain, and stiffness. Wind-cold at the exterior causes fever and aversion to cold. External constriction by cold causes anhidrosis. Heat entering the interior causes thirst. The Yangming meridian passes through the nose and flanks the eyes, causing eye pain and nasal dryness. Yangming corresponds to the Stomach; when the Stomach is affected by pathogens, restlessness occurs. This is the initial stage of pathogen invasion, not yet reaching the zang-fu organs. When yang pathogens enter the stomach, resulting in interior excess and exterior deficiency, macules appear. Small spots like mosquito bites are called rashes (zhen); large patterns like brocade are called macules (ban).)
Cimicifugae Rhizoma (Shengma, 升麻) (3 qian)
Puerariae Lobatae Radix (Gegen, 葛根)
Paeoniae Radix Alba (Baishao, 芍药) (2 qian)
Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草) (1 qian, honey-fried)
Decoct with fresh ginger. For headache, add Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Chuanxiong, 川芎) and Angelicae Dahuricae Radix (Baizhi, 白芷). (Chuanxiong and Baizhi are key herbs for head and face pain.) For heat, add Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian, 黄连) and Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 石膏) etc. For sore throat, add Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng, 桔梗) and Scrophulariae Radix (Xuanshen, 玄参) etc. For emerged macules, add Ginseng Radix (Renshen, 人参) etc. For weak stomach and poor appetite, add Tangerine Peel (Chenpi, 陈皮) and Poria (Fuling, 茯苓) etc.
The Yangming channel is abundant in qi and blood. When cold pathogens injure the body, they cause stagnation of qi and blood. Acrid substances can reach the exterior, and light substances can resolve excess. Therefore, light and acrid herbs such as Shengma and Gegen are used. Puerariae Lobatae Radix serves as the sovereign herb, Cimicifugae Rhizoma as the assistant herb, and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Paeoniae Radix Alba harmonize the middle jiao. (Shengma and Gancao raise yang and resolve toxicity, thus also treating seasonal epidemics. Pathogens of seasonal epidemics first enter the stomach, hence stomach-channel herbs are used.) Do not use this formula if Shanghan pathogens have not yet entered the Yangming channel, lest it draw exterior pathogens into the Yangming channel. Do not use if macules and rashes have already emerged, lest it further deplete the exterior qi. (If measles or smallpox red spots have appeared, it should not be taken. Yangming is the interior of the exterior; Shengma and Gegen are correct herbs for Yangming. Whenever macules and rashes are about to emerge but have not yet done so, this decoction is suitable to vent the toxin. Do not immediately use cold-natured drugs to attack heat. Nor should sweating or purging methods be used, which would deplete the qi of both exterior and interior. If internal heat is severe, add Coptidis Rhizoma, Rhinocerotis Cornu (Xijiao, 犀角), Indigo Naturalis (Qingdai, 青黛), Isatidis Radix (Daqinggen, 大青根), Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhimu, 知母), Gypsum Fibrosum, Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin, 黄芩), Phellodendri Cortex (Huangbai, 黄柏), and Scrophulariae Radix. If the macule tendency subsides slightly, accompanied by tidal fever, delirium, and constipation, Da Chaihu Tang plus Mangxiao (Mangpiao, 芒硝) may be used, or Tiaowei Chengqi Tang to purge.)