《金匮要略》云∶太阳中 ，发热恶寒，身重而痛，其脉弦细芤迟，小便已洒然毛耸，手足
逆冷，小劳身即热，口开前板齿燥。若发汗则恶寒甚；加温针则发热甚；数下之则淋甚。其人汗出恶寒，
身热而渴，白虎加人参汤主之。其人身热疼重，而脉微弱，此夏伤水，水行皮中所致，一物瓜蒂汤主之。
东垣分暑病有二∶或避暑深堂大厦，静而得之，名中暑。中暑阴症也，必头疼恶寒，身形拘急，支节疼
痛而烦心，肌肤火热无汗，当用大顺散以发散是也。若行人、农夫于日中劳役，动而得之名中热。
中热阳症也，为热伤元气，必苦头痛，发燥热，恶热，扪之火热，大渴引饮，汗大泄，无气以动，乃天
热外伤肺气，苍术白虎汤主之是也。举此二方以为例耳，非令人执守之也。别论有先因劳役，饮食虚损脾
胃宿疾之人，遇暑将理失宜，违时伐化；必困乏无力，精神短少，气弱气促，似喘非喘，诸阳虚之症不
一而见，甚则传于肾肝，诸
痿厥之病作矣，为脾主四肢故也。制黄 人参汤主之，在长夏湿热之令，有清暑益气汤主之，随症加减。
盖此劳与行人之劳何异？此之饥饱于人宁无饮食之虚损者哉？岂非人参、黄 可与白虎汤相参合一迭相为
用耶？虽在脾胃先损，后或受暑热之胜，至大渴引饮，烦闷肌热，亦必于黄 人参汤中加石膏、知母为佐可
也。经曰∶火淫所胜，治以辛寒，以甘泻之。石膏味甘辛寒，治暑热伤脾肌热之功，他药所不及。然而清
暑益气汤治暑，而无石膏何也？因脾胃虚损，当夏令火热而病，非中其热；又胃弱不耐石膏之寒降，恐生
发之气不升故耳！或暑热乘虚而感之，又安得不用其为佐乎？若中热者，虽以白虎为主，或元气虚甚，亦
安得不用参、 为佐乎？
《金匮要略》中说：太阳中暍（暑邪侵袭太阳经），出现发热、恶寒，身体沉重且疼痛，脉象弦细、芤（中空如葱管）或迟。小便后感到寒冷战栗，手足逆冷，稍加劳作身体即发热，张口呼吸时前侧门牙干燥。如果误用发汗法，则恶寒加重；若加用温针，则发热更甚；若多次使用泻下法，则淋证（小便频数涩痛）加重。如果患者汗出、恶寒，身体发热且口渴，应用白虎加人参汤主治。如果患者身体发热、疼痛沉重，而脉象微弱，这是夏季感受水湿之邪，水气停留在皮肤中所致，应用一物瓜蒂汤主治。
李东垣将暑病分为两类：有的人在深堂大厦中避暑，因静坐而得病，称为中暑。中暑属于阴证，必然头痛、恶寒，身体拘急不舒，四肢关节疼痛且心烦，肌肤火热但无汗，应当使用大顺散来发散邪气。如果是行路之人、农夫在烈日下劳作，因运动而得病，称为中热。中热属于阳证，是因为热邪损伤元气，必然痛苦于头痛，感到燥热，厌恶炎热，触摸肌肤感觉火热，极度口渴想喝水，大汗淋漓，没有力气活动，这是天热外伤肺气所致，应用苍术白虎汤主治。列举这两个方子作为例子罢了，并不是让人死板地遵守它们。另有论述提到，原本因为劳役、饮食不当导致脾胃虚弱有宿疾的人，遇到暑天调理失当，违背时令规律损害化源；必然困倦乏力，精神短少，气弱气促，像喘又不是喘，各种阳气虚弱的症状不一而足地出现，严重时传变到肾肝，各种痿证和厥证就会发作，这是因为脾主四肢的缘故。这种情况应用黄芪人参汤主治；在长夏湿热当令之时，应用清暑益气汤主治，随症状加减。这其中的劳损与行路之人的劳损有什么不同？这些人难道没有因为饥饱失常导致的饮食虚损吗？这难道不是说明黄芪、人参可以与白虎汤配合使用，交替发挥作用吗？即使是在脾胃先受损的情况下，后来又受到暑热邪气的侵犯，出现极度口渴想喝水、烦闷、肌肉发热，也必须在黄芪人参汤中加入石膏、知母作为佐药。医经说：火邪过盛，用辛寒的药物来治疗，用甘味的药物来泻火。石膏味甘、辛、性寒，治疗暑热伤脾、肌肉发热的功效，其他药物所不及。然而清暑益气汤治疗暑病，为什么不用石膏呢？因为这是脾胃虚损，在夏令火热时节发病，并非直接中暑热；加上胃气虚弱不耐受石膏的寒凉沉降之性，恐怕会导致生发之气不能上升的缘故！或者是暑热乘虚侵入，又怎么能不用它作为佐药呢？如果是中热证，虽然以白虎汤为主方，但如果元气非常虚弱，又怎么能不用人参、黄芪作为佐药呢？
The *Jin Gui Yao Lue* (Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Cabinet) states: In Taiyang Zhong Yue (Heatstroke affecting the Taiyang channel), there is fever and aversion to cold, heaviness and pain in the body, and the pulse is wiry, fine, hollow (Kou), or slow. After urination, one feels chilly with shivering, and the hands and feet are cold. Slight exertion causes immediate fever, and when opening the mouth, the anterior teeth appear dry. If sweating methods are applied, the aversion to cold becomes severe; if warm needle therapy is added, the fever becomes severe; if purgatives are used repeatedly, strangury (dysuria) becomes severe. If the patient has sweating, aversion to cold, body heat, and thirst, Baihu Jia Renshen Tang (White Tiger Decoction plus Ginseng) should be administered. If the patient has body heat, pain, and heaviness, but the pulse is faint and weak, this is caused by summer injury from water-dampness, where water qi resides in the skin; Yiwu Gaudi Tang (One-Ingredient Melon Pedicle Decoction) should be administered.
Li Dongyuan divided Heatstroke diseases into two categories: Some people avoid heat in deep halls and large buildings, contracting the disease through stillness; this is called Zhong Shu (Midsummer Heat). Zhong Shu is a Yin syndrome, characterized inevitably by headache, aversion to cold, bodily stiffness and tension, pain in the joints, vexation, hot skin without sweat, and Da Shun San (Great Harmony Powder) should be used to disperse the pathogen. If pedestrians or farmers contract the disease through exertion while working under the sun, it is called Zhong Re (Midsummer Heat). Zhong Re is a Yang syndrome, caused by heat damaging Yuan Qi (Original Qi). It inevitably involves painful headache, irritability and heat sensation, aversion to heat, hot-to-the-touch skin, extreme thirst with desire to drink, profuse sweating, and lethargy due to lack of energy. This results from heavenly heat injuring Lung Qi externally, and Cangzhu Baizhu Tang (Atractylodes and White Tiger Decoction) should be administered. These two formulas are cited as examples, not for rigid adherence. Another discussion mentions that individuals with pre-existing spleen and stomach weakness due to overwork or improper diet, who suffer from improper management during summer, violating seasonal transformations, will inevitably experience fatigue, weakness, shortness of spirit, weak and rapid breathing, panting-like symptoms without true asthma, and various other Yang deficiency syndromes. In severe cases, it transmits to the Kidney and Liver, causing various Wei (Flaccidity) and Jue (Reversal/Cold extremities) diseases, because the Spleen governs the four limbs. Huangqi Renshen Tang (Astragalus and Ginseng Decoction) should be administered for such cases. During the damp-heat season of late summer, Qingshu Yiqi Tang (Clear Summerheat and Boost Qi Decoction) should be administered, modified according to symptoms. How is this type of exhaustion different from the labor of pedestrians? Do these people not have dietary deficiencies due to irregular eating? Is it not evident that Huangqi (Astragali Radix) and Renshen (Ginseng Radix) can be combined with Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) for alternating use? Even if the Spleen and Stomach were damaged first, followed by an invasion of summer-heat, leading to extreme thirst, vexation, and muscle heat, Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) and Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma) must be added as assistant herbs to Huangqi Renshen Tang. The Classics state: "When Fire excess prevails, treat with Pungent-Cold substances, and drain using Sweet substances." Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) is Pungent, Sweet, and Cold; its efficacy in treating summer-heat injuring the Spleen and causing muscle heat is unmatched by other herbs. However, why does Qingshu Yiqi Tang (Clear Summerheat and Boost Qi Decoction) treat summer-heat without using Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum)? Because the root cause is Spleen and Stomach deficiency, occurring during the hot summer season, not direct summer-heat stroke; furthermore, a weak Stomach cannot tolerate the cold and descending nature of Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum), fearing it would hinder the ascending of generating Qi. If summer-heat invades via deficiency, how can it not be used as an assistant herb? If it is Zhong Re (Midsummer Heat), although Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) is primary, if Yuan Qi (Original Qi) is extremely deficient, how can Renshen (Ginseng Radix) and Huangqi (Astragali Radix) not be used as assistants?