先生谓阳有余阴不足，若恣欲泄精无度，至夏必阳气轻浮，有头痛，脚软，食少，发热之患，即注夏
也。注者，灌也。先因阴虚不胜夏令暑热，灌之其病则剧，非中热也。仲景谓劳之为病，其脉浮大，手足
烦，春夏剧，秋冬瘥是也。东垣所谓脾胃元气先损，至夏而病作，用黄 人参汤，亦注夏也。盖暑热之气，
不止伤阴，而亦损阳。东垣治损阳者，重在于胃，以气为要；先生治伤阴者，重在脾肾，以精血为要。
精藏于肾，血化于脾，皆阴脏也。注夏之名固同，及分阴阳用药则不同也。治阴虚者，非质重味浓属脾胃之
君药，安能固其阳根而敛其轻浮之气乎？
即中暑也，可用吐法。其人必内先有火热痰实、因避暑纳凉，风入袭之，郁而成病，或身热，或昏冒，
是以用吐，吐中有汗，火郁得汗则解，风得汗则散，痰得涌则出，一举三得。此先生当时治挟痰者，非通治
暑风之大法也。无所挟者，惟宜汗散。
湿有天之湿，雾、露、雨是也，天本乎气，故先伤表之荣卫；水、泥，地之湿也，地本乎形，故先伤
皮肉筋骨血脉；酒水、乳酪，饮食之湿也，胃为水谷
之海，故先损脾胃；有汗液之湿，亦气也，止感于外；有气之湿，属足太阳所化者也。治天之湿，当
同司天法，湿上甚而热者，平以苦温，佐以甘辛，以汗为故；治地之湿，当同在泉法，湿淫于内，治以
苦热，佐以酸淡，以苦燥之，以淡泄之；饮食之湿，在上者吐之，在中者夺之，在下引而竭之；汗液同司
天治。惟人气属太阴脾土所化之湿者，在气交之分，与前四治有同有异。何则？土兼四气，寒热温凉，
升降浮沉，备在其中。脾胃者，阴阳地位，更虚更实，更从更逆，是故阳盛则木胜，合为风湿；至阳胜则火
胜，合为湿热；阴盛则金胜，合为燥热；至阴胜则水胜，合为寒湿。为兼四气，故淫 上下中外，无处不
到。在上则呕吐、头重、胸满；在外则身重、肿胀；在下则足胫跗肿、中满痞塞。当随其上、中、下，外兼
寒、热、温、凉以为佐使。至若先因乘克以致脾虚津积而成湿者，则先治胜克之邪，或脾胃本自虚而生湿者，
则用补虚为主；或热郁而成湿者，则以散热为要；或脾胃之湿淫 ，流于四脏筋骨皮肉血脉之间者，大概湿
主痞塞，以故所受之脏气涩，不得疏通，故本脏之病因而发焉。其筋骨皮肉血脉受之，则发为痿痹，缓弱
痛重；不任为用，所治之药各有所入，凡切于治，便为要药，岂苍术一
味尽可用哉？先生宁肯语此以示人也。湿淫诸症治药，并在各病条下。
先生认为，阳气有余而阴气不足。如果纵欲过度、精气耗泄无度，到了夏天必然导致阳气轻浮外越，出现头痛、脚软、食欲减退、发热等症状，这就是“注夏”。所谓“注”，就是灌注的意思。这是因为先有阴虚，不能承受夏季的暑热，暑热之气灌注体内使病情加重，这并非中热邪所致。张仲景说劳损类的疾病，脉象浮大，手足烦热，春夏季节发作严重，秋冬季节缓解，指的就是这种情况。李东垣所说的脾胃元气先已受损，到了夏天病症发作，使用黄芪人参汤治疗，也属于注夏的范畴。大概暑热之气，不仅损伤阴液，也会损耗阳气。李东垣治疗损伤阳气的病证，重点在于胃，以补气为关键；先生（朱丹溪）治疗损伤阴液的病证，重点在于脾肾，以精血为关键。精藏于肾，血化生于脾，脾和肾都属于阴脏。虽然都叫“注夏”，但在分辨阴阳并据此用药时则有所不同。治疗阴虚者，如果不使用质地沉重、味道浓厚且归属于脾胃的君药，怎么能固摄住阳气的根本并收敛轻浮外越之气呢？
这就是中暑，可以使用吐法。患者必定内部原本就有火热痰实之邪，因为避暑纳凉，风邪侵入袭扰，郁结而成病，或者身体发热，或者神志昏蒙，所以使用吐法。吐法之中伴随出汗，火郁通过汗出得以解散，风邪通过汗出得以发散，痰浊通过涌吐得以排出，一举三得。这是先生当时针对挟带痰邪患者的治法，并非治疗暑风病的通用大法。没有挟带痰邪的患者，只适宜用发汗散邪的方法。
湿邪有天之湿、地之湿、饮食之湿、汗液之湿和气之湿五种。天之湿，如雾、露、雨，天本乎气，所以首先损伤体表的营卫；水、泥是地之湿，地本乎形，所以首先损伤皮肉筋骨血脉；酒水、乳酪是饮食之湿，胃是水谷之海，所以首先损伤脾胃；有汗液之湿，也属于气，只感于体表；有气之湿，属于足太阳膀胱经所化生的湿邪。治疗天之湿，应当遵循司天之法，湿邪在上且伴有热象的，用苦温药平治，佐以甘辛药，以出汗为痊愈的标志；治疗地之湿，应当遵循在泉之法，湿邪淫溢于内，用苦热药治疗，佐以酸淡药，用苦味燥湿，用淡味渗湿；饮食之湿，病位在上者用吐法，在中者用攻下法，在下者用引导排泄法使其枯竭；汗液之湿同于司天之法治疗。只有人气所属、由太阴脾土所化生的湿邪，处于气交之分野，与前四种治法有相同也有不同。为什么呢？因为土兼有四气（寒热温凉），升降浮沉备在其中。脾胃是阴阳之位，虚实交替，顺逆变化，因此阳气盛则木气胜，合而为风湿；极阳胜则火气胜，合而为湿热；阴气盛则金气胜，合而为燥热；极阴胜则水气胜，合而为寒湿。因为兼有四气，所以湿邪淫溢于上下中外，无处不到。在上则呕吐、头重、胸满；在外则身重、肿胀；在下则足胫跗肿、腹部胀满痞塞。应当根据病位的上、中、下，以及外兼寒、热、温、凉的不同来作为佐使药。至于那些因为乘克关系导致脾虚津液积聚而成湿的，则先治疗胜克之邪；或者脾胃本身虚弱而生湿的，则以补虚为主；或者因热郁而成湿的，则以散热为关键；或者是脾胃的湿邪淫溢流窜到四脏、筋骨、皮肉、血脉之间的，大概湿邪主要导致痞塞不通，因此受邪脏腑的气机涩滞，不得疏通，于是本脏的病因而发作。其筋骨皮肉血脉受邪，则发为痿痹、缓弱、疼痛沉重；不能胜任劳作。所治疗的药物各有所入，凡是切合治疗的，就是要药，难道只有苍术一味药可以通用吗？先生怎么会说出这样的话来示人呢？湿邪淫溢的各种症状及治疗药物，都在各病条之下。
The Master stated that Yang is in excess and Yin is insufficient. If one indulges in sexual activity excessively, depleting essence without limit, by summer the Yang Qi will inevitably become light and floating, leading to ailments such as headache, softness of the legs, poor appetite, and fever; this is called "Zhu Xia" (Summer-Induced Exhaustion). "Zhu" means pouring or irrigating. This occurs because Yin deficiency initially fails to withstand the summer heat, which pours into the body aggravating the illness; it is not caused by Zhong Re (Heat Stroke). Zhang Zhongjing stated that for diseases of exhaustion (Lao), the pulse is floating and large, with vexation of the hands and feet, worsening in spring and summer and improving in autumn and winter; this refers to such cases. Li Dongyuan mentioned that when Spleen-Stomach Yuan Qi is first damaged, disease manifests in summer, treated with Huangqi Renshen Tang; this also belongs to Zhu Xia. Generally, Summer Heat Qi not only damages Yin but also impairs Yang. Li Dongyuan’s treatment of Yang impairment focuses on the Stomach, emphasizing Qi tonification; whereas the Master’s (Zhu Danxi) treatment of Yin injury focuses on the Spleen and Kidney, emphasizing Essence and Blood. Essence is stored in the Kidney, and Blood is transformed by the Spleen; both are Yin Zang organs. Although the name "Zhu Xia" is the same, the differentiation of Yin and Yang and subsequent medication differ. For treating Yin deficiency, if one does not use Jun (Chief) herbs belonging to the Spleen and Stomach that are heavy in substance and rich in flavor, how can one secure the root of Yang and astringe the light-floating Qi?
This is also Zhong Shu (Summer Heat Stroke), and vomiting methods may be used. The patient must internally possess Fire-Heat and Phlegm-Density beforehand; due to seeking coolness and avoiding heat, Wind pathogen invades and attacks, becoming stagnant and causing disease. Symptoms may include body heat or mental confusion/dizziness. Therefore, vomiting is employed. Vomiting induces sweating; Fire-Stagnation resolves through sweat, Wind disperses through sweat, and Phlegm is expelled through surging vomit, achieving three benefits with one action. This was the Master’s method at that time for patients complicated by Phlegm, not the general principle for all Summer Wind cases. For those without Phlegm complication, only diaphoretic dispersal is suitable.
Dampness includes Heavenly Dampness, Earthly Dampness, Dietary Dampness, Sweat Dampness, and Qi Dampness. Heavenly Dampness, such as fog, dew, and rain, originates from Qi; thus, it first injures the exterior Ying and Wei. Water and mud are Earthly Dampness, originating from Form; thus, they first injure skin, flesh, sinews, bones, blood, and vessels. Wine, water, milk, and cheese are Dietary Dampness; since the Stomach is the Sea of Grain and Water, they first damage the Spleen and Stomach. Sweat Dampness also belongs to Qi, affecting only the exterior. Qi Dampness belongs to the transformation of the Foot-Taiyang Bladder channel. To treat Heavenly Dampness, one should follow the Si Tian (Sovereign Heaven) method: for Dampness severe above with Heat, treat with bitter-warm substances, assist with sweet-acrid ones, aiming for sweating as the resolution. To treat Earthly Dampness, follow the Zai Quan (Inferior Earth) method: for Dampness flooding internally, treat with bitter-hot substances, assist with sour-bland ones, using bitterness to dry dampness and blandness to drain it. For Dietary Dampness, if located above, induce vomiting; if in the middle, purge it; if below, guide it to exhaust it. Sweat Dampness is treated similarly to Si Tian. Only Human Qi Dampness, transformed by Taiyin Spleen Earth, exists at the intersection of Qi, differing from and sharing similarities with the previous four treatments. Why? Because Earth combines the Four Qi (Cold, Heat, Warmth, Coolness), containing ascending, descending, floating, and sinking properties. The Spleen and Stomach are the positions of Yin and Yang, alternating between deficiency and excess, compliance and opposition. Thus, when Yang is excessive, Wood prevails, combining to form Wind-Dampness; extreme Yang excess leads to Fire prevalence, combining to form Heat-Dampness; when Yin is excessive, Metal prevails, combining to form Dryness-Heat; extreme Yin excess leads to Water prevalence, combining to form Cold-Dampness. Because it combines the Four Qi, Dampness floods up, down, inside, and outside, reaching everywhere. Above, it causes vomiting, heavy head, and chest fullness; externally, it causes heavy body and swelling; below, it causes edema of the shins and dorsum of feet, and abdominal fullness/obstruction. One must adjust according to upper, middle, lower locations, and external Cold, Heat, Warmth, or Coolness as assistants and guides. As for cases where Spleen deficiency and fluid accumulation cause Dampness due to overacting/restricting relationships, first treat the overacting pathogen; if Spleen-Stomach intrinsic deficiency generates Dampness, prioritize tonifying deficiency; if Heat stagnation generates Dampness, prioritize dissipating Heat; if Spleen-Stomach Dampness floods into the Four Zang, sinews, bones, skin, flesh, blood, and vessels, generally Dampness primarily causes obstruction/stagnation, causing Qi stagnation in the affected Zang, preventing smooth flow, thereby triggering the primary organ's pathology. When sinews, bones, skin, flesh, blood, and vessels are affected, it manifests as Wei Bi (Atrophy and Obstruction syndromes), flaccidity, weakness, pain, and heaviness, rendering the limbs unusable. Medications for treatment have specific affinities; whatever fits the treatment is a key herb. Can it be that only Cang Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) is universally applicable? Would the Master ever speak such words to demonstrate to others? Treatments and medications for various Dampness flooding symptoms are listed under respective disease categories.