附子（百二六） 气味辛甘，腌者大咸，性大热，阳中之阳也。有毒。畏人参、黄 、甘草、黑豆、
绿豆、犀角、童便、乌韭、防风。其性浮中有沉，走而不守。因其善走诸经，故曰与酒同功。能除
表里沉寒，厥逆寒噤，温中强阴，暖五脏，回阳气，除呕哕霍乱，反胃噎膈，心腹疼痛，胀满泻痢，
肢体拘挛，寒邪湿气，胃寒蛔虫，寒痰寒疝，风湿麻痹，阴疽痈毒，久漏冷疮，格阳喉痹，阳虚二
便不通，及妇人经寒不调，小儿慢惊等证。大能引火归源，制伏虚热，善助参、 成功，尤赞术、
地建效。无论表证里证，但脉细无神，气虚无热者，所当急用。故虞搏曰∶附子禀雄壮之质，有斩
关夺将之气，能引补气药行十二经，以追复散失之元阳；引补血药入血分，以滋养不足之真阴；引
发散药开腠理，以驱逐在表之风寒。引温暖药达下焦，以祛除在里之冷湿，吴绶曰；附子乃阴证要
药，凡伤寒传变三阴，及中寒夹阴，虽身大热而脉沉者必用之；或厥冷脉沉细者，尤急须用之，有
退阴回阳之力，起死回生之功。近世阴证伤寒往往疑似而不敢用，直待阴极阳竭而用，已迟矣。且
夹阴伤寒，内外皆阴，舍此不用，将何以救之？此二公之言，皆至言也，不可不察。惟孕妇忌服，
下
胎甚速。合葱涎塞耳，亦可治聋。
辨制法∶附子制法，稽之古者，则有单用童便煮者，有用姜汁盐水者，有用甘草、黄连者，有数味
皆兼而用者，其中宜否，最当详辨。夫附子之性热而刚急，走而不守，土人腌以重盐，故其味咸而
性则降。今之所以用之者，正欲用其热性以回元阳，以补脾肾，以行参、 、熟地等功，若制以黄
连，则何以藉其回阳？若制以盐水，则反以助其降性。若制以童便，则必不免于尿气，非惟更助其
降，而凡脾气大虚者，极易呕哕，一闻其臭，便动恶心，是药未入口，而先受其害，且其沉降尤速，
何以达脾？惟是姜汁一制颇通，第其以辛助辛，似欠和平，若果直中阴寒等证，欲用其热，此法为
良；至若常用而欲得其补性者，不必用此。又若煮法，若不浸胀而煮，则其心必不能熟，即浸胀而
煮，及其心熟，则边皮已太熟而失其性矣；虽破而为四，煮亦不匀。且煮者必有汁，而汁中所去之
性亦已多矣，皆非制之得法者。制法∶用甘草不拘，大约酌附子之多寡而用。甘草煎极浓甜汤，先
浸数日，剥去皮脐，切为四块，又添浓甘草汤再浸二三日，捻之软透，乃咀为片，入锅文火炒至将
干，庶得生熟匀等，口嚼尚有辣味，是其度也。若炒太干，则太熟而全无辣味，并其热性全失矣。
故制之太过，则但用附子之名耳，效与不效无从验也。其所以必用甘草者，盖以附子之性急，得甘
草而后缓；附子之性毒，得甘草而后解；附子之性走，得甘草而后益心脾；附子之性散，得甘草而
后调营卫，此无他，亦不过济之以仁而后成其勇耳。若欲急用，以浓纸包裹，沃甘草汤，或煨，或
炙，待其柔软，切开，再用纸包频沃，又炙，以熟为度。亦有用面裹而煨者亦通。若果真中阴寒，
厥逆将危者，缓不及制，则单用炮附，不必更用他制也。
辨毒 附子之性，刚急而热，制用失宜，难云无毒，故欲制之得法。夫天下之制毒者，无妙于
火，火之所以能制毒者，以能革物之性。故以气而遇火，则失其气，味而遇火，则失其味，刚者革
其刚，柔者失其柔。故制附之法，但用白水煮之极熟，则亦全失辣味，并其热性俱失，形如萝卜可
食矣，尚何毒之足虑哉？今制之必用甘草者，盖欲存留其性而柔和其刚耳。令人但知附子之可畏，
而不知太熟之无用也。故凡食物之有毒
者，但制造极熟，盒饭无害，即河豚、生蟹之属，诸有病于人者，皆其欠熟而生性之未尽也。故凡
食物之有毒者，皆可因此以类推矣。至若药剂之中，有当 炼而用者，又何以然？夫物之经火 者，
其味皆咸涩，而所以用 者，非欲去其生刚之性，则欲用其咸涩之味，而留性与不留性，则其中各
有宜否，故凡当 炼而用者，皆可因此以类推矣。
又如药之性毒者，何可不避？即如《本草》所云某有毒、某无毒，余则甚不然之，而不知无药
无毒也。故热者有热毒，寒者有寒毒，若用之不当，凡能病患者，无非毒也。即如家常茶饭，本皆
养人之正味，其或过用误用，亦能毒人，而况以偏味偏性之药乎？但毒有大小，用有权宜，此不可
不察耳。矧附子之性，虽云有毒，而实无大毒，但制得其法，用得其宜，何毒之有？今之人不知其妙，
且并人参、熟地而俱畏之。夫人参、熟地、附子、大黄，实乃药中之四维，病而至于可畏，势非庸
庸所济者，非此四物不可，设若逸巡，必误乃事。令人直至必不得已而后用附子，事已无济矣。事
无济则反罪之，将附子诚废物乎？
嗟夫！人之所以生者，阳气耳，正气耳。人之所以死者，阴气耳，邪气耳。人参、熟地者，治
世之良相也；附子、大黄者，乱世之良将也。兵不可久用，故良将用于暂；乱不可忘治，故良相不
可缺。矧夫附子虽烈，而其性扶阳，有非硝、黄之比；硝、黄似缓，而其性阴泄，又非桂、附可例。
华元化曰∶得其阳者生，得其阴者死。《内经》曰∶门户不要，是仓廪不藏也。得守者生，失守者
死。今之人履芒硝、大黄若坦途，视参、附、熟地为蛇蝎，愚耶？知耶？
白附子（百二七）味甘辛，大温，有小毒。其性升，能引药势上行。辟头风诸风，冷气心疼，风
痰眩晕，带浊，疗小儿惊风痰搐，及面鼻游风，野斑风刺，去面痕，可作面脂，亦治疥癣风疮，阴
下湿痒，风湿诸病。几欲入药，炮而用之。
大黄（百二八）味苦，气大寒。气味俱浓，阴中之阴，降也。有毒。其性推陈致新，直走不守。
夺土郁壅滞，破积聚坚症，疗瘟疫阳狂，除斑黄谵语，涤实痰，导瘀血，通水道，退湿热，开燥结，
消痈肿。因有峻烈威风
积垢荡之顷刻。欲速者生用，汤泡便吞；欲缓者熟用，和药煎服。气虚同以人参，名黄龙汤；血虚
同以当归，名玉烛散。佐以甘草、桔梗，可缓其行；佐以芒硝、浓朴，益助其锐。用之多寡，酌人
实虚，假实误用，与鸠相类。
常山（百二九）味大苦，性寒，有毒。攻温疟痰疟，及伤寒寒热，痰结气逆，狂痫癫厥。惟胸腹多
滞，邪实气壮而病疟者宜之；若老人弱人，俱当忌用。盖此物性悍，善逐痰饮，得甘草则上行发吐，
得大黄则下行发泻也。亦治鬼毒蛊毒，及头项瘰 鼠 。
半夏（百三十）味大辛微苦，气温。可升可降，阳中阴也。有毒。其质滑润，其性燥湿降痰，
入脾胃胆经。生嚼戟喉，制用生姜。下肺气，开胃健脾，消痰饮痞满，止咳嗽上气，心痛胁痛，除
呕吐反胃，霍乱转筋，头眩腹胀，不眠气结，痰核肿突，去痰厥头痛，散风闭喉喑、治脾湿泄泻，
遗精带浊，消痈疽肿毒，杀蜈蚣蜂虿虫毒。性能堕胎，孕妇虽忌，然胃不和而呕吐不止，加姜汁微
炒，但用无妨。若消渴烦热，及阴虚血证，最忌勿加。李时珍曰∶半夏能主痰饮及腹胀者，为其体
滑味辛而性温也。滑则能润，辛温能散亦能润，故行湿而通大便，利窍而泄小便，所谓辛走气，能
化液，辛以润之是矣。丹溪曰∶二陈汤能使大便润而小便长。
摄云∶半夏辛而散，行水而润肾燥。又《局方》用半硫丸治老人虚秘，皆取其滑润也。世俗皆
以半夏、南星为性燥，误矣。湿去则土燥，痰涎不生，非二物之性燥也。古方治咽痛喉痹，吐血下
血，多用二物，非禁剂也。二物亦能散血，故破伤打扑皆主之。
南星（百三一）味苦辛，气温，可升可降，阳中阴也。性烈有毒，姜汁制用。善行脾肺，坠中
风实痰，利胸膈，下气，攻坚积，治惊痫，散血堕胎。水磨箍蛇虫咬毒，醋调散肿。破伤风，金疮
折伤瘀血，宜捣敷之。功同半夏，酌用可也。
胆星（百三二）七制、九制者方佳。降痰因火动如神，治小儿急惊必用。总之，实痰实火壅闭
上焦，而气喘烦躁，焦渴胀满者，所当必用。较之南星，味苦性凉，故散解风痰热滞。
射干（百三三）味苦，微寒，有毒。阴也，降也。治咳逆上气，喉痹咽疼，散结气不得息，除胸
腹邪热胀满，清肝明目，消积痰结核， 癖热疝，降实火，利大肠，消瘀血，通女人经闭。苦酒磨
涂，可消肿毒。
大戟（百三四）味苦，太寒，有毒。反甘草。性峻利，善逐水邪痰涎，泻湿热胀满，消急痛，破
结，下恶血，攻积聚，通二便，杀蛊毒药毒，疗天行瘟疟黄病，及颈腋痈肿。然大能泻肺损真气，
非有大实坚者，不宜轻用。若中其毒，惟菖蒲可以解之。
甘遂（百三五）味苦，性寒，有毒。反甘草。专于行水，能直达水结之处，如水结胸者，非此
不除。若留痰留饮宿食，症坚积聚，无不能逐，故善治腹脚阴囊肿胀，去面目浮肿，通二便、泻膀
胱湿热，及痰逆癫痫，噎膈痞塞。然性烈伤阴，不宜妄用。
芫花（百三六反甘草）味苦，微温，有毒。专逐五脏之水，去水饮寒痰痰癖，胁下痛，咳逆上
气，心腹肢体胀满，瘴疟鬼疟，湿毒寒毒，蛊毒肉毒，虫鱼毒，除疝瘕痈肿，逐恶血，消咽肿。根
疗疮疥，亦可毒鱼。若捣汁浸线，亦能系落痔疮。惟其多毒，虚者不可轻用。
玉簪（百三七）味甘辛，性寒，有小毒。用根捣汁，解一切诸毒，下一切骨哽，涂消痈疡。妇
人乳痈初起，但取根擂酒服之，仍以渣敷肿处即消。然性能损齿，故亦可落齿取牙。
凤仙花（百三八）味微苦，性微温，有小毒。子名急性子。治产难下胎，消积块，开噎膈，下
骨哽。亦善透骨通窍，故又名透骨草。若欲取牙，但用子研末，入砒少许，点疼牙根，即可取之。
然此不生虫蠹，即烽蝶亦不近，似非无毒者也。
蓖麻子（百三九）味甘辛，性热，有毒。能逐风散毒，疗口眼 斜，失音口噤，肿毒丹瘤，针
刺入肉，止痛消肿，追脓拔毒，俱可研贴。若治舌肿喉痹，宜研烂，纸卷烧烟，熏吸立通。催生下
胎，可同麝香、巴豆研贴脐中。
李时珍曰∶一人病偏风，手足不举，用此油同羊脂、麝香、穿山甲煎膏，日摩数次，兼服搜风
养血之药而愈。
一人病手臂一块肿痛，用此捣膏贴之，一夜而愈。一人病气郁偏头痛，用此同乳香、食盐捣贴
太阳，一夜痛止。一妇产后子肠不收，捣仁贴其丹田，一夜而上。此药外用，屡奏奇效，但内服不
可轻率尔。或云捣膏，以筋点于鹅、鸭六畜舌根下，即不能食，点于肛门内，即下血死，其毒可知
。凡服篦麻者，一生不得食炒豆，犯之必胀死。
续随子（百四十）一名千金子。味辛，性温，有毒。能逐瘀血，消痰饮食积， 瘕 癖，除蛊
毒鬼疰，水气冷气，心腹胀满疼痛，腹内诸疾，利大小肠，祛恶滞，及妇人血结血闭瘀血等证。研
碎酒服，不过三颗，当下恶物，甚者十粒。若泻多，以酸浆水或薄醋粥食之即止。亦可研涂疥癣恶
疮。此物之功，长于逐水杀虫，是亦甘遂、大戟之流也。
木鳖子（又百四十）味苦微甘微辛，气雄劣，性大寒，有大毒。〈本草》言其甘温无毒，谬也。
今见毒狗者，能毙之于顷刻，使非大毒，而有如是乎？人若食之，则中寒发噤，不可解救。按刘绩
《霏雪录》云∶木鳖子有毒，不可食。昔一蓟门人，有两子患痞，食之相继皆死，此不可不慎也。
若其功用，则惟以醋磨，甩敷肿毒乳痈，痔漏肿痛，及喉痹肿痛，用此醋漱于喉间，引痰吐出，以
解热毒，不可咽下。或同朱砂、艾叶卷筒，熏疥杀虫最效。或用熬麻油擦癣亦佳。
番木鳖 味极苦，性大寒，大毒。功用与木鳖大同，而寒烈之性尤甚。
附子（编号126）：气味辛甘，腌制过的味道极咸，药性大热，属于阳中之阳。有毒。畏忌人参、黄芪、甘草、黑豆、绿豆、犀角、童便、乌韭、防风。其药性浮中有沉，善于走窜而不固守。因为它善于通行各条经络，所以说它与酒的功效相似。能祛除表里深层的寒邪，治疗四肢厥冷、寒战发抖，温补中焦、强壮阴精，温暖五脏，回阳救逆，消除呕吐呃逆、霍乱吐泻、反胃噎膈，心腹疼痛，胀满泄痢，肢体拘挛，寒邪湿气，胃寒引起的蛔虫症，寒痰寒疝，风湿麻痹，阴疽痈毒，久治不愈的冷疮，格阳喉痹，阳虚导致的大小便不通，以及妇人经血因寒不调，小儿慢惊风等证候。大能引火归源，制约虚热，善于辅助人参、黄芪发挥功效，尤其能赞助白术、熟地黄建立疗效。无论是表证还是里证，只要脉象细弱无神，气虚无热的，都应当急用。所以虞搏说：附子禀赋雄壮的本质，有斩关夺将的气势，能引导补气药行于十二经脉，以追回恢复散失的元阳；引导补血药进入血分，以滋养不足的真阴；引导发散药打开腠理，以驱逐在表的风寒；引导温暖药到达下焦，以祛除在里的冷湿。吴绶说：附子是阴证的要药，凡是伤寒传变至三阴经，以及中寒夹阴证，即使身体大热但脉象沉的，必须使用它；或者四肢厥冷、脉象沉细的，尤其急需使用，它有退阴回阳的力量，起死回生的功效。近代治疗阴证伤寒往往因为疑似而不敢使用，直到阴极阳竭时才使用，那就太迟了。况且夹阴伤寒，内外皆属阴，舍弃此药不用，将用什么来救治呢？这两位先生的话，都是至理名言，不可不仔细考察。只有孕妇忌服，会导致迅速堕胎。用葱汁混合唾液塞耳，也可以治疗耳聋。
辨别炮制方法：附子的炮制方法，查考古代的，有用童便单独煮的，有用姜汁盐水的，有用甘草、黄连的，有几种药材兼用的，其中是否适宜，最应当详细辨别。附子的药性热而刚急，走窜而不固守，当地人用重盐腌制，所以它的味道咸而药性沉降。现在之所以使用它，正是想利用它的热性来回复元阳，补益脾肾，发挥人参、黄芪、熟地黄等的功效，如果用黄连炮制，怎么能借助它回复阳气呢？如果用盐水炮制，反而助长它的降性。如果用童便炮制，就难免带有尿骚味，不仅更助长它的降性，而且对于脾气大虚的人，极易引起呕吐呃逆，一闻到臭味就会恶心，药还没入口，就先受到危害，而且它的沉降速度更快，怎么能到达脾脏呢？只有姜汁炮制比较通顺，只是它以辛助辛，似乎不够平和，如果确实是直中阴寒等证候，想要利用它的热性，这种方法很好；至于日常使用想要得到它的补性，不必用这种方法。另外如果是煮法，如果不浸泡胀大发软就直接煮，那么它的中心一定煮不熟，即使浸泡胀大发软后煮，等到中心熟了，边缘和皮已经太熟而失去了药性；虽然剖开成四块，煮也不均匀。而且煮的方法必然产生药汁，药汁中流失的药性也已经很多了，都不是得法的炮制方法。炮制方法：使用甘草不拘数量，大约根据附子的多少来决定用量。将甘草煎成极浓的甜汤，先浸泡几天，剥去外皮和脐部，切成四块，再加入浓甘草汤浸泡两三天，捏起来软透，然后咀嚼成薄片，放入锅中用文火炒至将干，这样才能生熟均匀，口嚼还有辣味，这就是合适的程度。如果炒得太干，就太熟而完全没有辣味，连热性也完全失去了。所以炮制太过，就只用了附子的名字罢了，效果如何无从验证。之所以必须用甘草，是因为附子的药性急，得到甘草后才能缓和；附子的药性毒，得到甘草后才能解毒；附子的药性走窜，得到甘草后才能益心脾；附子的药性散，得到甘草后才能调和营卫，这没有别的道理，也不过是用仁爱之心来成就它的勇猛罢了。如果想要急用，用厚纸包裹，浇淋甘草汤，或者煨，或者炙，等到它柔软，切开，再用纸包频繁浇淋，又炙烤，以熟为度。也有用面粉包裹煨制的，也通顺。如果确实是直中阴寒，四肢厥冷将要危重的，缓不及炮制，就单用炮附子，不必再用其他炮制方法。
辨别毒性：附子的药性，刚急而热，炮制使用不当，不能说无毒，所以想要炮制得法。天下解除毒性的方法，没有比用火更好的，火之所以能解毒，是因为它能改变物的本性。所以气遇到火，就失去其气，味遇到火，就失去其味，刚硬的改变其刚硬，柔弱的失去其柔弱。所以炮制附子的方法，只用白水煮至极熟，那么就完全失去辣味，连同热性也都失去，形状像萝卜可以食用了，还有什么毒值得忧虑呢？现在炮制必须用甘草，是想保留其药性而柔和其刚硬罢了。让人只知道附子可怕，而不知道煮得太熟就没有用了。所以凡是食物中有毒的，只要制造得非常熟，就应该无害，即使是河豚、生蟹之类，各种对人有害的，都是因为欠熟而生性未尽的缘故。所以凡是食物中有毒的，都可以由此类推。至于药剂之中，有的应当经过火炼而使用，又为什么呢？物体经过火炼，味道都变得咸涩，而使用火炼的目的，不是想要去掉其生刚的药性，就是想要利用其咸涩的味道，而保留药性与不保留药性，其中各有适宜与否，所以凡是应当火炼而使用的，都可以由此类推。
又如药性有毒的，怎么可以不避开？就像《本草》所说某药有毒、某药无毒，我则认为很不对，而不知道没有药是无毒的。所以热药有热毒，寒药有寒毒，如果使用不当，凡是能致病的，无非都是毒。就像家常茶饭，本都是养人的正味，如果过用误用，也能毒害人，何况是偏味偏性的药物呢？只是毒有大小之分，使用有权宜之计，这是不可不考察的。况且附子的药性，虽然称有毒，但实际上没有大毒，只要炮制得法，使用得当，有什么毒呢？现在的人不知道它的妙处，并且连人参、熟地黄都畏惧它。人参、熟地黄、附子、大黄，实在是药物中的四维，病情严重到令人畏惧的程度，势非平庸之药所能救济的，非这四物不可，如果犹豫不决，必定耽误事情。让人直到万不得已才使用附子，事情已经无法挽救了。事情无法挽救就反过来责怪它，难道附子真的是废物吗？
唉！人之所以生存，靠的是阳气，正气。人之所以死亡，靠的是阴气，邪气。人参、熟地黄，是太平盛世的良相；附子、大黄，是乱世中的良将。军队不能长期使用，所以良将用于暂时；乱世不能忘记治理，所以良相不可缺。况且附子虽然猛烈，但其药性是扶助阳气，有不是芒硝、大黄可比的；芒硝、大黄看似缓和，但其药性是阴泄，又不是肉桂、附子可一概而论的。华元化说：得其阳者生，得其阴者死。《内经》说：门户不要，是仓廪不藏也。得守者生，失守者死。现在的人履践芒硝、大黄如坦途，视人参、附子、熟地黄为蛇蝎，是愚蠢呢？还是明智呢？
白附子（编号127）：味甘辛，大温，有小毒。其药性升，能引导药势上行。辟除头风诸风，冷气心疼，风痰眩晕，带浊，治疗小儿惊风痰搐，以及面鼻游风，野斑风刺，去除面痕，可制作面脂，也治疗疥癣风疮，阴部下湿痒，风湿诸病。几乎要入药，需炮制后使用。
大黄（编号128）：味苦，气大寒。气味俱浓，属于阴中之阴，主降。有毒。其药性推陈致新，直走而不固守。破除土郁壅滞，攻破积聚坚症，治疗瘟疫阳狂，消除斑黄谵语，涤荡实痰，导引瘀血，通利水道，退除湿热，开通燥结，消除痈肿。因为有峻烈的威风，顷刻间荡涤积垢。想要快速的生用，用汤泡后吞服；想要缓和的熟用，配合药物煎服。气虚配合人参，名为黄龙汤；血虚配合当归，名为玉烛散。佐以甘草、桔梗，可以减缓其行速；佐以芒硝、浓朴，更加助长其锐气。使用量的多少，斟酌人的虚实，假实证误用，与鸩毒相似。
常山（编号129）：味大苦，性寒，有毒。攻治温疟痰疟，以及伤寒寒热，痰结气逆，狂痫癫厥。只有胸腹多滞，邪实气壮而患疟疾的适宜使用；如果老人弱者，都应当忌用。大概此物药性悍烈，善于驱逐痰饮，得到甘草则上行引发呕吐，得到大黄则下行引发腹泻。也治疗鬼毒蛊毒，以及头项瘰疬鼠瘰。
半夏（编号130）：味大辛微苦，气温。可升可降，属于阳中阴。有毒。其质地滑润，其药性燥湿降痰，入脾胃胆经。生嚼刺激喉咙，炮制需用生姜。下肺气，开胃健脾，消痰饮痞满，止咳嗽上气，心痛胁痛，消除呕吐反胃，霍乱转筋，头眩腹胀，不眠气结，痰核肿突，去除痰厥头痛，散风闭喉喑，治疗脾湿泄泻，遗精带浊，消除痈疽肿毒，杀灭蜈蚣蜂虿虫毒。药性能堕胎，孕妇虽忌，但如果胃不和而呕吐不止，加姜汁微炒，仅使用也无妨。如果消渴烦热，以及阴虚血证，最忌勿加。李时珍说：半夏能主治痰饮及腹胀，因为其体质滑、味道辛而性温。滑则能润，辛温能散也能润，所以行湿而通大便，利窍而泄小便，所谓辛走气，能化液，辛以润之就是这样。丹溪说：二陈汤能使大便润而小便长。
摄云说：半夏辛而散，行水而润肾燥。又《局方》用半硫丸治疗老人虚秘，都是取其滑润。世俗都以半夏、南星为性燥，是错误的。湿去则土燥，痰涎不生，不是这两味药的药性燥。古方治疗咽痛喉痹，吐血下血，多用这两味药，不是禁剂。这两味药也能散血，所以破伤打扑都主治。
南星（编号131）：味苦辛，气温，可升可降，属于阳中阴。药性烈有毒，用姜汁炮制。善于行脾肺，坠中风实痰，利胸膈，下气，攻坚积，治疗惊痫，散血堕胎。水磨箍蛇虫咬毒，醋调散肿。破伤风，金疮折伤瘀血，宜捣敷之。功效同半夏，斟酌使用即可。
胆星（编号132）：七制、九制的才好。降痰因火动如神，治疗小儿急惊必用。总之，实痰实火壅闭上焦，而气喘烦躁，焦渴胀满的，所当必用。较之南星，味苦性凉，所以散解风痰热滞。
射干（编号133）：味苦，微寒，有毒。阴也，降也。治疗咳逆上气，喉痹咽疼，散结气不得息，消除胸腹邪热胀满，清肝明目，消除积痰结核，癖热疝，降实火，利大肠，消瘀血，通女人经闭。苦酒磨涂，可消肿毒。
大戟（编号134）：味苦，太寒，有毒。反甘草。药性峻利，善于驱逐水邪痰涎，泻湿热胀满，消除急痛，破结，下恶血，攻积聚，通二便，杀蛊毒药毒，治疗天行瘟疟黄病，以及颈腋痈肿。但大能泻肺损真气，不是有大实坚证的，不宜轻用。如果中了它的毒，只有菖蒲可以解之。
甘遂（编号135）：味苦，性寒，有毒。反甘草。专于行水，能直达水结之处，如水结胸者，非此不能除。如果有留痰留饮宿食，症坚积聚，无不驱逐，所以善于治疗腹脚阴囊肿胀，去除面目浮肿，通二便、泻膀胱湿热，以及痰逆癫痫，噎膈痞塞。但药性烈伤阴，不宜妄用。
芫花（编号136 反甘草）：味苦，微温，有毒。专逐五脏之水，去除水饮寒痰痰癖，胁下痛，咳逆上气，心腹肢体胀满，瘴疟鬼疟，湿毒寒毒，蛊毒肉毒，虫鱼毒，消除疝瘕痈肿，驱逐恶血，消除咽肿。根治疗疮疥，也可毒鱼。如果捣汁浸线，也能系落痔疮。只是其多毒，虚者不可轻用。
玉簪（编号137）：味甘辛，性寒，有小毒。用根捣汁，解一切诸毒，下一切骨哽，涂消痈疡。妇人乳痈初起，只取根擂酒服之，仍以渣敷肿处即消。但药性能损齿，所以也可落齿取牙。
凤仙花（编号138）：味微苦，性微温，有小毒。子名急性子。治疗产难下胎，消积块，开噎膈，下骨哽。也善于透骨通窍，所以又名透骨草。如果想要取牙，只用子研末，入少许砒，点疼牙根，即可取之。然而此物不生虫蠹，即飞蝶也不近，似乎不是无毒的。
蓖麻子（编号139）：味甘辛，性热，有毒。能逐风散毒，治疗口眼歪斜，失音口噤，肿毒丹瘤，针刺入肉，止痛消肿，追脓拔毒，都可研贴。如果治疗舌肿喉痹，宜研烂，纸卷烧烟，熏吸立通。催生下胎，可同麝香、巴豆研贴脐中。
李时珍说：一人患偏风，手足不能举，用此油同羊脂、麝香、穿山甲煎膏，每日摩擦数次，兼服搜风养血之药而愈。
一人患手臂一块肿痛，用此捣膏贴之，一夜而愈。一人患气郁偏头痛，用此同乳香、食盐捣贴太阳穴，一夜痛止。一妇产后子宫不收，捣仁贴其丹田，一夜而上。此药外用，屡奏奇效，但内服不可轻率。有人说捣膏，用筋点于鹅、鸭六畜舌根下，即不能食，点于肛门内，即下血死，其毒可知。凡服用蓖麻的，一生不得吃炒豆，犯之必胀死。
续随子（编号140）：一名千金子。味辛，性温，有毒。能逐瘀血，消痰饮食积，瘕癖，除蛊毒鬼疰，水气冷气，心腹胀满疼痛，腹内诸疾，利大小肠，祛恶滞，以及妇人血结血闭瘀血等证。研碎酒服，不过三颗，当下恶物，甚者十粒。如果泻多，以酸浆水或薄醋粥食之即止。也可研涂疥癣恶疮。此物的功，长于逐水杀虫，也是甘遂、大戟一类。
木鳖子（又百四十）：味苦微甘微辛，气雄劣，性大寒，有大毒。《本草》言其甘温无毒，谬也。现在见毒狗者，能毙之于顷刻，如果不是大毒，能有这样吗？人如果吃了它，则中寒发噤，不可解救。按刘绩《霏雪录》说：木鳖子有毒，不可食。昔日有一个蓟门人，有两个儿子患痞，吃了相继都死了，这是不可不慎的。如果其功用，则惟有用醋磨，用来敷肿毒乳痈，痔漏肿痛，以及喉痹肿痛，用此醋漱于喉间，引痰吐出，以解热毒，不可咽下。或者同朱砂、艾叶卷筒，熏疥杀虫最效。或者用熬麻油擦癣亦佳。
番木鳖：味极苦，性大寒，大毒。功用与木鳖大同，而寒烈之性尤甚。
Aconite (No. 126): Flavor is acrid and sweet; pickled ones are extremely salty. Nature is greatly hot, belonging to the Yang within Yang. It is toxic. It is inhibited by Ginseng Radix (Renshen), Astragali Radix (Huangqi), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao), Phaseoli Semen Nigricans (Heidou), Mung Bean (Lvdou), Rhinoceros Horn (Xijiao), Child's Urine (Tongbian), Allium victorialis var. purpureum (Wujiu), and Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng). Its nature floats with sinking properties, moving freely without staying put. Because it excels at traversing all meridians, it is said to have similar efficacy to wine. It can eliminate deep-seated cold in both exterior and interior, treat cold limbs and chills, warm the middle jiao and strengthen yin essence, warm the five zang organs, restore yang qi, eliminate vomiting and hiccups, cholera-like vomiting and diarrhea, regurgitation and dysphagia, heart and abdominal pain, distension and diarrhea, limb spasms, cold pathogenic dampness, stomach-cold roundworms, cold phlegm and cold hernia, wind-damp numbness, yin abscesses and sores, chronic cold ulcers, floating yang sore throat, urinary and fecal retention due to yang deficiency, as well as menstrual irregularities due to cold in women, and slow convulsions in infants. It greatly guides fire back to its source, controls deficient heat, and assists Ginseng Radix (Renshen) and Astragali Radix (Huangqi) effectively, especially enhancing the efficacy of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu) and Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata (Shudihuang). Whether for exterior or interior syndromes, whenever the pulse is fine and spiritless, and there is qi deficiency without heat, it should be used urgently. Therefore, Yu Bo stated: "Aconite possesses a robust quality and the momentum of breaking through gates and capturing generals. It can guide qi-tonifying herbs into the twelve meridians to recover lost primordial yang; guide blood-nourishing herbs into the blood level to nourish insufficient true yin; guide dispersing herbs to open the interstices to expel wind-cold in the exterior; and guide warming herbs to the lower jiao to dispel cold-dampness in the interior." Wu Shou stated: "Aconite is a crucial herb for yin syndromes. Whenever Shaoyang disease transmits to the three yin meridians, or when cold strikes with hidden yin, even if the body is very hot but the pulse is deep, it must be used; or if there are cold limbs and a deep, fine pulse, it is especially urgent to use it. It has the power to drive out yin and restore yang, bringing the dying back to life. In recent times, practitioners often hesitate to use it for yin-type cold damage due to uncertainty, waiting until yin is exhausted and yang is depleted before using it, which is already too late. Moreover, in cold damage with hidden yin, both interior and exterior are yin; abandoning this herb, how can one save the patient? The words of these two gentlemen are profound truths that must not be overlooked. However, pregnant women must avoid it, as it causes rapid abortion. Mixing scallion juice with saliva and packing it into the ear can also treat deafness."
On Processing Methods: Regarding the processing of Aconite, ancient methods include boiling alone with child's urine, using ginger juice and salt water, using Licorice Root (Gancao) and Coptis Rhizome (Huanglian), or combining several ingredients. The appropriateness of each must be carefully distinguished. Aconite's nature is hot and rigid, moving freely without staying put. Locals pickle it with heavy salt, making its flavor salty and its nature descending. Now, we use it precisely to utilize its hot nature to restore primordial yang, tonify spleen and kidney, and perform the functions of Ginseng Radix (Renshen), Astragali Radix (Huangqi), and Prepared Rehmannia Root (Shudihuang). If processed with Coptis Rhizome (Huanglian), how can it assist in restoring yang? If processed with salt water, it further aids its descending nature. If processed with child's urine, it inevitably retains an urine odor, which not only enhances its descending nature but also easily induces vomiting and hiccups in those with severe spleen qi deficiency; upon smelling it, nausea arises, causing harm before the medicine even enters the mouth. Furthermore, its sinking action is too rapid to reach the spleen. Only processing with ginger juice is somewhat acceptable, though using acrid to aid acrid seems unbalanced. If indeed treating direct invasion of yin-cold syndromes where its heat is desired, this method is good; however, for routine use seeking its tonifying effect, this method is unnecessary. Regarding boiling: if not soaked until swollen before boiling, the center will not cook thoroughly; even if soaked, by the time the center is cooked, the skin and edges will be overcooked and lose their potency. Even cut into four pieces, boiling is uneven. Moreover, boiling produces liquid, in which much potency is lost; none of these are proper processing methods. Proper Processing Method: Use Licorice Root (Gancao) in amounts proportional to the Aconite. Decoct the Licorice Root into a very thick, sweet syrup, soak the Aconite for several days, peel off the skin and navel, cut into four pieces, add more thick Licorice Root syrup, and soak for another two to three days until soft throughout. Chew into slices, then stir-fry in a pot over gentle heat until nearly dry. This ensures even cooking and roasting; when chewed, it should still have a spicy taste, indicating the correct degree. If fried too dry, it becomes overly cooked, loses all spiciness, and completely loses its hot nature. Thus, over-processing renders it merely nominal, with no verifiable efficacy. The reason Licorice Root (Gancao) is essential is that Aconite's nature is urgent; with Licorice Root, it becomes缓和 (soothing); Aconite is toxic; with Licorice Root, the toxicity is resolved; Aconite moves; with Licorice Root, it benefits heart and spleen; Aconite scatters; with Licorice Root, it harmonizes Ying and Wei. This is simply using benevolence to temper its bravery. For urgent use, wrap in thick paper, pour Licorice Root syrup, or roast/bake until soft, cut open, wrap again, frequently moisten, and bake until cooked. Wrapping in flour and roasting is also acceptable. If truly suffering from direct yin-cold invasion with impending collapse due to cold limbs, where processing takes too long, use roasted Aconite alone without other processing.
On Toxicity: Aconite's nature is rigid, urgent, and hot. Improper processing and use mean it cannot be considered non-toxic; thus, proper processing is required. Among methods to neutralize toxins, none is superior to fire. Fire neutralizes toxins because it alters the nature of substances. Gas meets fire and loses its gas; flavor meets fire and loses its flavor; rigidity changes its rigidity; softness loses its softness. Therefore, the method of processing Aconite involves boiling in plain water until thoroughly cooked. Then, it loses all spiciness and hot nature, becoming edible like a radish, leaving no cause for concern regarding toxicity. Today, we use Licorice Root (Gancao) in processing to preserve its nature while softening its rigidity. People only know Aconite is fearsome but do not know that overcooking renders it useless. Thus, for any toxic food, if cooked thoroughly, it should be harmless; even pufferfish or raw crabs, which harm humans, do so because they are undercooked and retain their raw nature. This logic applies to all toxic foods. As for medicinal herbs that require fire processing, why is this so? Substances经过 fire processing become salty and astringent. The purpose of fire processing is either to remove the raw, rigid nature or to utilize the salty-astringent flavor. Whether to retain or discard the nature depends on suitability. Thus, herbs requiring fire processing can be understood by analogy.
Regarding toxic herbs, how can they be avoided? Although the *Bencao* states some herbs are toxic and others are not, I strongly disagree, knowing that no herb is entirely non-toxic. Hot herbs have hot toxicity; cold herbs have cold toxicity. If used improperly, anything that causes disease is toxic. Even daily tea and food, originally wholesome, can become toxic if misused or overused, let alone herbs with biased flavors and natures. Toxins vary in magnitude, and usage requires discretion; this must be examined. Although Aconite is said to be toxic, it actually lacks great toxicity. If processed correctly and used appropriately, what toxicity remains? Modern people do not appreciate its wonders and fear it alongside Ginseng Radix (Renshen) and Prepared Rehmannia Root (Shudihuang). Ginseng Radix (Renshen), Prepared Rehmannia Root (Shudihuang), Aconite, and Rheum Palmatum (Dahuang) are the four pillars of medicine. When illness reaches a critical stage beyond the capacity of ordinary remedies, these four are indispensable. Hesitation leads to failure. Using Aconite only as a last resort means the situation is already hopeless. Blaming Aconite when treatment fails suggests it is useless?
Alas! Human life depends on Yang Qi and Zheng Qi. Death results from Yin Qi and Xie Qi. Ginseng Radix (Renshen) and Prepared Rehmannia Root (Shudihuang) are capable ministers in peaceful times; Aconite and Rheum Palmatum (Dahuang) are capable generals in chaotic times. Armies cannot be used indefinitely, so capable generals are used temporarily; chaos must not forget governance, so capable ministers are indispensable. Although Aconite is fierce, its nature supports Yang, unlike Mang Xiao (Mirabilite) and Dahuang (Rhubarb). Mang Xiao and Dahuang seem mild but have Yin-draining natures, unlike Rou Gui (Cinnamon Bark) and Aconite. Hua Yuanhua said: "Those who obtain Yang live; those who obtain Yin die." The *Neijing* states: "If the gates are not secure, the granaries cannot store. Those who maintain security live; those who lose security die." Today, people tread on Mirabilite (Mangxiao) and Rhubarb (Dahuang) as if on flat roads, yet view Ginseng (Renshen), Aconite (Fuzi), and Prepared Rehmannia (Shudihuang) as snakes and scorpions. Are they foolish or wise?
White Arisaema (Bai Fuzi) (No. 127): Flavor is sweet and acrid, nature is greatly warm, slightly toxic. Its nature ascends, guiding medicinal effects upward. It dispels head wind and various winds, cold qi heart pain, wind-phlegm dizziness, leukorrhea, treats infantile convulsions with phlegm, facial migratory wind, wild spot wind thorns, removes facial marks, can be made into facial cream, also treats tinea and wind sores, genital dampness and itching, and various wind-damp diseases. Almost all require processing before use.
Rhubarb (Dahuang) (No. 128): Flavor is bitter, nature is greatly cold. Both flavor and qi are dense, belonging to Yin within Yin, descending. It is toxic. Its nature pushes out the old to bring forth the new, moving straight without staying put. It breaks earth stagnation and obstruction, shatters accumulations and hard masses, treats epidemic fever with mania, eliminates jaundice and delirium, cleanses solid phlegm, guides out blood stasis, opens water passages, clears damp-heat, opens dry constipation, and reduces carbuncles and swelling. Due to its fierce momentum, it sweeps away accumulated filth in an instant. For rapid effect, use raw: soak in decoction and swallow. For mild effect, use cooked: decoct with other herbs. For qi deficiency, combine with Ginseng Radix (Renshen), named Huanglong Tang (Yellow Dragon Decoction). For blood deficiency, combine with Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui), named Yuzhu San (Jade Candle Powder). With Licorice Root (Gancao) and Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng) as assistants, its movement slows; with Mirabilite (Mangxiao) and Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex (Houpo) as assistants, its锐气 (sharp energy) increases. Dosage depends on the patient's excess or deficiency; using it mistakenly for false excess is akin to drinking poison (Zhen).
Dichroa (Changshan) (No. 129): Flavor is greatly bitter, nature is cold, toxic. Attacks warm malaria and phlegm malaria, as well as cold-heat alternating in cold damage, phlegm accumulation with rebellious qi, manic epilepsy, and sudden fainting. Suitable only for cases with chest/abdominal stagnation, pathogenic excess, strong qi, and malaria. Elderly and weak persons must avoid it. This herb is fierce, excelling at driving out phlegm-fluids; with Licorice Root (Gancao) it induces vomiting upwards; with Rhubarb (Dahuang) it induces diarrhea downwards. Also treats ghost toxins and gu poisons, as well as cervical lymphadenopathy (Luoli) and rat sores (Shuluo).
Pinellia (Banxia) (No. 130): Flavor is greatly acrid and slightly bitter, nature is warm. Can ascend and descend, Yang within Yin. Toxic. Texture is slippery, nature dries dampness and descends phlegm, entering Spleen, Stomach, and Gallbladder meridians. Raw chewing irritates the throat; processed with Ginger (Shengjiang). Descends Lung qi, opens stomach and strengthens spleen, eliminates phlegm-fluids and fullness, stops cough and rebellious qi, heart and hypochondriac pain, eliminates vomiting and regurgitation, cholera with leg cramps, dizziness and abdominal distension, insomnia and qi stagnation, phlegm nodules and protrusions, removes phlegm-cold headache, disperses wind-closure hoarseness, treats spleen-damp diarrhea, seminal emission and leukorrhea, reduces carbuncles and sores, kills centipede, wasp, and insect venom. Nature can induce abortion; pregnant women should avoid it. However, for stomach disharmony with persistent vomiting, add ginger juice and slight stir-frying; use is safe. Contraindicated in thirst with烦热 (restless heat) and yin-deficiency blood disorders. Li Shizhen said: "Banxia treats phlegm-fluids and abdominal distension because its texture is slippery, flavor acrid, and nature warm. Slippery moistens; acrid-warm disperses and moistens, thus moving dampness to unblock large intestine, opening orifices to drain small intestine. Acrid moves qi, transforms fluids, 'Acrid moistens' is so." Danxi said: "Erchen Tang moistens stool and increases urine." She Yun said: "Banxia is acrid and dispersing, moves water and moistens kidney dryness." Also, *Ju Fang* uses Banshu Wan (Half-Sulfur Pill) for elderly constipation due to deficiency, taking advantage of its slipperiness. Common belief that Banxia and Nanxing are drying is wrong. Removing dampness dries the earth, stopping phlegm production; it is not their nature that is drying. Ancient formulas for sore throat, hematemesis, and hematochezia often use them; they are not contraindicated. They also disperse blood, treating traumatic injuries.
Arisaema (Nanxing) (No. 131): Flavor is bitter and acrid, nature is warm, can ascend and descend, Yang within Yin. Nature is fierce and toxic, processed with Ginger Juice (Jiangzhi). Excels at moving Spleen and Lung, settling excess phlegm in stroke, benefiting chest and diaphragm, descending qi, attacking hard accumulations, treating convulsions and epilepsy, dispersing blood and inducing abortion. Water-grind to bind snake/insect bites; mix with vinegar to reduce swelling. For wind-stroke from trauma, knife wounds, fractures, and blood stasis, grind and apply. Efficacy similar to Banxia; use酌情 (discretionarily).
Star Arisaema (Danning) (No. 132): Seven or nine processes are best. Extraordinarily effective in descending phlegm caused by fire; essential for infantile acute convulsions. Generally, for excess phlegm and excess fire obstructing upper jiao with asthma, restlessness, intense thirst, and distension, it is mandatory. Compared to Nanxing, it is bitter and cool, thus dispersing wind-phlegm and heat stagnation.
Belamcanda (Shegan) (No. 133): Flavor is bitter, slightly cold, toxic. Yin, descending. Treats cough with rebellious qi, sore throat and pain, dissipates stagnant qi causing breathing difficulty, clears chest/abdominal evil heat and distension, clears liver and brightens eyes, eliminates accumulated phlegm and tubercles, pleuritic heat hernia, descends excess fire, benefits large intestine, resolves blood stasis, unblocks female amenorrhea. Grind with vinegar for topical application to reduce toxic swelling.
Euphorbia (Daji) (No. 134): Flavor is bitter, greatly cold, toxic. Incompatible with Licorice Root (Gancao). Nature is harsh and draining, excels at driving out water pathogens and phlegm-fluids, drains damp-heat distension, reduces acute pain, breaks knots, evacuates bad blood, attacks accumulations, unblocks bowels and bladder, kills gu and drug poisons, treats epidemic malaria and jaundice, as well as neck/axillary abscesses. However, it greatly drains Lung and damages true qi; not suitable for light use unless there is significant excess and hardness. If poisoned, only Calamus Rhizome (Changpu) can antidote it.
Kansui (Gansui) (No. 135): Flavor is bitter, nature is cold, toxic. Incompatible with Licorice Root (Gancao). Specializes in moving water, reaching water accumulation sites directly. For water accumulation in chest, nothing else removes it. For retained phlegm, fluid, and undigested food, hard accumulations, it drives them all out. Thus, it excellently treats abdominal and leg scrotal swelling, removes facial/eye edema, unblocks bowels/bladder, drains bladder damp-heat, and treats phlegm-rebellious epilepsy, dysphagia, and痞塞 (obstruction). However, its nature is fierce and damages yin; do not use recklessly.
Genkwa (Yuanhua) (No. 136, incompatible with Gancao): Flavor is bitter, slightly warm, toxic. Specifically drives out water from five zang, removes water-fluids, cold phlegm, and phlegm-piles, hypochondriac pain, cough with rebellious qi, heart/abdomen/limb distension, miasma malaria, wet/cold toxins, gu/meat toxins, insect/fish toxins, eliminates hernia/masses/abscesses, drives out bad blood, reduces throat swelling. Roots treat sores/tinea and can poison fish. Soaked thread can tie off hemorrhoids. Due to high toxicity,虚弱 (deficient) persons must not use lightly.
Hosta (Yuzan) (No. 137): Flavor is sweet and acrid, nature is cold, slightly toxic. Use root crushed for juice to resolve all toxins, pass all bone obstructions, and apply to reduce carbuncles/sores. For early-stage mastitis in women, crush root in wine, drink, and apply residue to swelling for immediate resolution. However, it damages teeth, so it can also extract teeth.
Impatiens (Fengxianhua) (No. 138): Flavor is slightly bitter, nature is slightly warm, slightly toxic. Seed is named Jixingzi (Acute Son). Treats difficult labor, reduces masses, opens dysphagia, passes bone obstructions. Excels at penetrating bones and opening orifices, hence also named Tougucao (Bone-Penetrating Grass). To extract teeth, grind seed into powder, add a little Realgar (Pishi), apply to painful tooth root to extract. However, this plant repels insects and butterflies, suggesting it is not non-toxic.
Castor Bean (Bimazi) (No. 139): Flavor is sweet and acrid, nature is hot, toxic. Drives out wind and disperses toxins, treats facial paralysis, aphasia, toxic swelling, carbuncles, needles embedded in flesh, stops pain and reduces swelling, draws out pus and toxins; all can be ground and applied. For tongue swelling and sore throat, grind, roll in paper, burn for smoke inhalation for immediate relief. To induce labor, mix with Musk (Shexiang) and Croton Seed (Badou), grind, and apply to umbilicus.
Li Shizhen said: One person with hemiplegia unable to move limbs was cured using this oil mixed with sheep fat, musk, and Pangolin Scales (Chuanshanjia) as ointment, rubbed several times daily, combined with wind-searching and blood-nourishing herbs. Another with arm swelling/pain was cured overnight with paste application. Another with qi-stagnation headache was cured overnight applying mixture of myrrh and salt to Taiyang point. A postpartum woman with uterine prolapse had uterus restored overnight by applying kernel to Dantian. This herb yields miraculous results externally but must not be taken internally lightly. Some say grinding paste and touching the tongue root of geese/ducks/livestock stops eating; touching anus causes fatal bleeding, revealing its toxicity. Anyone taking Castor Bean must never eat roasted beans for life, or they will die of bloating.
Spurge (Xuisui Zi) (No. 140), also known as Qianjinzi: Flavor is acrid, nature is warm, toxic. Drives out blood stasis, eliminates phlegm/food accumulation, masses/piles, removes gu toxins and ghost infections, water/cold qi, heart/abdominal distension/pain, various abdominal diseases, benefits intestines, removes evil stagnation, and treats female blood clots/stasis. Crushed and taken with wine, no more than three seeds, will evacuate bad matter; severe cases ten seeds. If diarrhea is excessive, stop with sour plum water or thin vinegar porridge. Can also be ground for tinea/sores. Its strength lies in draining water and killing insects, similar to Gansui and Daji.
Momordica (Mubie Zi) (Another No. 140): Flavor is bitter, slightly sweet/acrid, qi is strong but inferior, nature is greatly cold, highly toxic. *Bencao* claims it is sweet/warm and non-toxic, which is erroneous. Seeing dogs poisoned by it die instantly proves its high toxicity. Humans ingesting it suffer cold-induced chills with no rescue. Liu Ji's *Feixue Lu* states: "Mubie Zi is toxic, inedible." A man from Jimen had two sons with痞 (masses); after eating it, both died. Caution is essential. Its function is limited to grinding with vinegar for external application to toxic swelling, mastitis, hemorrhoid swelling, and sore throat. Swish vinegar solution in throat to induce phlegm expulsion and clear heat toxin; do not swallow. Mixed with Cinnabar (Zhusha) and Mugwort (Aiye) rolled in tubes, fumigation for tinea/insects is most effective. Or boiled castor oil for tinea is also good.
Strychnos (Fan Mubie): Flavor is extremely bitter, nature is greatly cold, highly toxic. Functions similar to Mubie Zi, but its cold/fierce nature is even more severe.