（本经上品）
【气味】酸，小寒，无毒。
【主治】主目痛，止泪出，风痹，利关节，通九窍，破症坚积聚。久服轻身不老。
【核】曰∶出蜀中，及越 、蔚州、鄂州诸山谷。其山有铜，曾青生其阳。曾青者，铜
之精也。色理颇类空青，累累如黄连相缀，又如蚯蚓屎而方棱，色深如波斯青黛，层层而生，
叩之作金声者始真。造化指南云∶空青多生金矿，曾青多生铜矿，乃石绿之得道者。禀东方
之正色，修炼点化，与三黄齐躯。独孤滔云∶曾青住火成膏，可结 制砂，亦含金气所生也
。须酒醋渍煮，乃有神化，若涂铁上，则色赤如铜。畏菟丝子。修事，勿用夹砂石，及有铜
青者。每一两，取紫背天葵、甘草、青芝，用干湿各一镒，细锉，入瓷锅内，置青于中。用
东流水二镒，缓火煮五昼夜，勿令水火失时，取出，更用东流水浴过，研乳如粉用。
【 】曰∶曾，层也。其青从实而空，从空而层，然则曾出于空，曾为空之纯粹精也。
曾亦可以为增矣。故功力曾益其空之所不能，不唯力走空窍，更主利关节，破症坚积聚者，
缘累结以为形而从治也。久服则实从空，空从层，身轻不老耳。
（本经上品）
【气味】甘平，无毒。
【主治】主心腹内崩，劳极洒洒如疟状，腰腹痛，四肢酸疼，女子下血，安胎。久服轻
身，
【核】曰∶东阿井，在山东兖州府阳谷县，东北六十里，即古之东阿县也。水经注云∶
东阿井大如轮，深六七丈，水性下趋，质清且重，岁常煮胶以贡。煮法∶必取乌驴皮，刮净
去毛，急流水中浸七日，入瓷锅内，渐增阿井水，煮三日夜则皮化，滤清再煮稠，贮盆中乃
集尔。冬月易干，其色深绿，且明燥轻脆，味淡而甘，亦须陈久，方堪入药。设用牛皮，及
黄胶
【 】曰∶取义在水，仍存井名。胶者，已成之质也。一名傅致，如言傅会致使。会之
始至也或云济水所注，盖济为楚，隐则伏流，显则正出，正出者涌出也。与阿水质之清重，
性之下趋，似不相符，难考其所从来矣。驴力在胪。胪，腹前也。亦黑也，皮也。顾力在胪，
色专者黑，精专者皮耳。缘水性之下趋，协皮革之外卫，藉火力以成土化，从下者上，从外
者内矣。虽转甘平，仍含本有咸寒，故走血以主内崩，此卫不将营，营将安傅乎。乃至形藏
失其濡润，遂成藏之五劳，形之六极，以及四肢经隧，或涸或污，酸且痛也。阴不足，则阳
下陷。阳不足，则阴上乘。上乘下陷，故洒淅恶寒，辄复发热如疟状。下血即血崩，血濡则
胎固，专言心腹腰腹者，驴力在胪故也。经云∶阴者藏精而起亟，阳者卫外而为固，阿胶两
得之矣。
（缘水性之下趋，协皮革之外卫，藉火力以成土化。正所谓傅会致使，会之使至也。
从下者上，指下趋之水，藉火力而上炎。从外者内，指外卫之皮革，藉火力而内向。外之合
内，下之从上，中黄之位乎。）
【本经上品】
【气味】味酸，性小寒，无毒。
【主治】主要治疗目痛，止住眼泪流出，风痹，通利关节，疏通九窍，破除症坚积聚。长期服用可身体轻健，延缓衰老。
【核】曰：产于蜀地，以及越、蔚州、鄂州等地的山谷中。那些山中有铜矿，曾青（Cengqing, a mineral drug）生长在山的向阳面。曾青是铜的精华。其颜色和纹理颇像空青（Kongqing, a mineral drug），成串相连如同黄连串联，又像蚯蚓屎那样有方棱，颜色深如波斯青黛，层层生长，敲击时发出金属声的才是真品。《造化指南》说：空青多生于金矿，曾青多生于铜矿，它是石绿（Shilv, malachite）中得道者。它禀受东方的正色，经过修炼点化，可与三黄（Sanhuang, referring to Huanglian, Huangqin, Huangbo）并列。独孤滔说：曾青在火中熔化成为膏状，可以炼制水银（Mercurius, Shuiyin），也是含金气所生。需要用酒和醋浸泡煮制，才有神妙变化，如果涂在铁上，则颜色红得像铜一样。畏忌菟丝子（Tusizi, Cuscutae Semen）。炮制处理时，不要使用夹杂砂石及有铜绿的。每一两，取紫背天葵（Zibeitiankui, Portulaca oleracea var. purpurea）、甘草（Gancao, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma）、青芝（Qingzhi, Lignosus rhinocerus），用干湿各一镒的量，细细切碎，放入瓷锅内，将曾青置于其中。用东流水二镒，用慢火煮五昼夜，不要让水火失去时机，取出后，再用东流水冲洗，研磨成粉状使用。
【 】曰：曾，即层叠之意。它的青色从实心到空心，从空心到层层叠加，那么曾产生于空，曾是空的纯粹精华。曾也可以理解为增加。所以功效能增加空青所不能做到的，不仅力量能走窜空窍，更主要的是通利关节，破除症坚积聚，这是因为累结形成形体而顺势治理的缘故。长期服用则实从空转化，空从层转化，身体轻健而不老罢了。
【本经上品】
【气味】味甘，性平，无毒。
【主治】主要治疗心腹内部出血，极度劳累时战栗如疟疾状，腰腹痛，四肢酸痛，女子下血，安胎。长期服用身体轻健。
【核】曰：东阿井，位于山东兖州府阳谷县东北六十里，即古时的东阿县。《水经注》说：东阿井大如车轮，深六七丈，水性向下流，水质清澈且重，每年常煮胶进贡。煮法：必须取乌驴皮，刮净去毛，在急流水中浸泡七天，放入瓷锅内，逐渐加入阿井水，煮三日夜则皮化成胶，过滤清液再煮至稠厚，贮存在盆中才聚集而成。冬季容易干燥，其色深绿，而且明燥轻脆，味道淡而甘，也必须陈放久一些，才堪入药。如果用牛皮，以及黄胶……
【 】曰：取义在水，仍保留井名。胶，是已成之质。一名傅致，意为附会致使。会之使至也。有人说济水所注入，盖济水为楚地隐伏之水，隐则伏流，显则正出，正出就是涌出。这与阿井水质清重、性下趋的特点，似乎不相符合，难以考证其来源。驴的力量在胪。胪，指腹前。也是黑色，指皮。顾力在胪，色专者为黑，精专者为皮。因为水性向下流，协同皮革的外卫作用，借助火力以完成土化，从下者向上，从外者向内。虽然转为甘平，仍含有本有的咸寒，所以走血以治疗内崩，这是卫气不能统领营气，营气如何依附呢？乃至形藏失去濡润，遂成藏之五劳，形之六极，以及四肢经络隧道，或干涸或污浊，酸且痛。阴不足，则阳下陷。阳不足，则阴上乘。上乘下陷，所以洒淅恶寒，随即又发热如疟疾状。下血即血崩，血濡润则胎固，专门提及心腹腰腹，是因为驴力在胪的缘故。经文说：阴者藏精而起亟，阳者卫外而为固，阿胶两者都具备了。
（因为水性向下流，协同皮革的外卫作用，借助火力以完成土化。正所谓附会致使，会之使至也。从下者向上，指下趋之水，借助火力而上炎。从外者向内，指外卫之皮革，借助火力而内向。外之合内，下之从上，处于中黄之位乎。）
(Ben Jing Shang Pin)
[Flavor and Nature] Sour, slightly cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats eye pain, stops lacrimation, wind-bi (Wind-Bi syndrome), promotes joint mobility, unblocks the nine orifices, and breaks up mass accumulation (Zheng Jian Ji Ju). Long-term use lightens the body and prevents aging.
[Analysis] Says: Produced in Shu region, as well as in the valleys of Yue, Weizhou, and Ezhou. Where there is copper ore in those mountains, Cengqing grows on the sunny side. Cengqing is the essence of copper. Its color and texture are quite similar to Kongqing (Empty Azure); it hangs in clusters like connected Coptis chinensis (Huanglian), and resembles earthworm excrement with square edges. The color is deep like Persian indigo (Persian Qingdai), growing in layers. Only that which produces a metallic sound when struck is genuine. *Zao Hua Zhi Nan* states: Kongqing mostly grows in gold mines, while Cengqing mostly grows in copper mines; it is the "enlightened" form of Shilv (Malachite). It inherits the correct color of the East, and through refinement and transformation, can be ranked alongside Sanhuang (Three Yellows). Dugu Tao says: Cengqing melts into paste under fire, which can be used to refine Mercurius (Shuiyin, Mercury); it is also generated by the qi of gold. It must be soaked and boiled in wine and vinegar to achieve miraculous changes; if applied to iron, it turns red like copper. It is incompatible with Tusizi (Cuscutae Semen). For processing, do not use material mixed with sand/stone or containing verdigris. For every liang (approx. 37g), take Zibeitiankui (Portulaca oleracea var. purpurea), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), and Qingzhi (Lignosus rhinocerus), using one yi (ancient weight unit) each of dry and wet materials. Finely chop them, place them in a porcelain pot, put the Cengqing inside. Use two yis of flowing water from the east, boil slowly for five days and nights, ensuring the fire and water do not lose their timing. Take out, rinse again with eastern flowing water, grind into powder, and use.
[Commentary] Says: "Zeng" means layered. Its azure color goes from solid to hollow, and from hollow to layered. Thus, Zeng emerges from Kong (hollow/empty); Zeng is the purest essence of Kong. "Zeng" can also imply increase. Therefore, its efficacy increases what Kongqing alone cannot achieve. Not only does its power travel through the empty orifices, but it also primarily benefits the joints and breaks up mass accumulation, because it treats the form created by accumulated knots according to its nature. Long-term use transforms the solid into the empty, and the empty into the layered, resulting in a light body and prevention of aging.
(Ben Jing Shang Pin)
[Flavor and Nature] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats internal bleeding in the heart and abdomen, extreme fatigue with chills resembling malaria, waist and abdominal pain, soreness and pain in the four limbs, uterine bleeding in women, and calms the fetus. Long-term use lightens the body.
[Analysis] Says: Dong'e Well is located 60 li northeast of Yanggu County, Yanzhou Prefecture, Shandong Province, which was ancient Dong'e County. *Shui Jing Zhu* states: Dong'e Well is wheel-sized, six or seven zhang deep. The water flows downward, is clear and heavy, and is often boiled into glue for tribute. The boiling method: Must select black donkey hide, scrape clean and remove hair, soak in fast-flowing water for seven days, then place in a porcelain pot. Gradually add Dong'e well water, boil for three days and nights until the hide dissolves. Filter the clear liquid and boil again until thick, then store in basins to collect. In winter, it dries easily; its color is dark green, bright, dry, light, and brittle, with a faint sweet taste. It must be aged for a long time before being suitable for medicinal use. If cow hide is used, or yellow glue...
[Commentary] Says: The meaning is derived from water, retaining the name of the well. Jiao (Glue) is the formed substance. Also known as Fuzhi, implying "attaching and causing." Hui zhi shi zhi ye (The meeting causes arrival). Some say it is injected by the Ji River. Ji is associated with Chu; hidden, it flows underground; manifest, it flows openly. Open flow means gushing forth. This seems inconsistent with the clarity, heaviness, and downward tendency of Dong'e well water, making its origin difficult to verify. The strength of the donkey lies in Lu. Lu refers to the front of the abdomen. It is also black, referring to the skin. Since the strength lies in Lu, the specific color is black, and the refined essence is the skin. Because the water nature flows downward, coordinating with the external protection of leather, and relying on fire power to complete the transformation of Earth, that which moves downward rises upward, and that which is external enters inward. Although it transforms into sweet and neutral, it still contains its original salty and cold nature. Thus, it travels in the blood to treat internal bleeding. This occurs when Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) fails to lead Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi); how can Ying Qi attach? Consequently, the Form Organs lose their moistening, leading to the Five Exhaustions of the Organs and the Six Extremities of the Form, as well as dryness or turbidity in the meridians of the four limbs, causing soreness and pain. Insufficiency of Yin leads to sinking of Yang. Insufficiency of Yang leads to floating of Yin. Floating and sinking cause chills and shivering, followed by fever resembling malaria. Uterine bleeding is blood collapse; moistening blood stabilizes the fetus. Specifically mentioning heart, abdomen, waist, and abdomen is because the donkey's strength lies in Lu. The Classic states: Yin stores essence and arises urgently; Yang protects the exterior and maintains solidity. E'jiao embodies both.
(The water nature flows downward, coordinating with the external protection of leather, relying on fire power to complete the transformation of Earth. This is precisely "attaching and causing," where the meeting brings arrival. That which moves downward rises upward refers to the downward-flowing water rising due to fire heat. That which is external enters inward refers to the externally-protecting leather entering inward due to fire heat. External combining with internal, downward following upward, occupying the central Yellow position?)