泻、消积杀虫。
辛平。入脾胃。消肉积。杀细虫。去臭气。谚云∶黄芩无假、阿魏无真、刘纯玉机微义
云∶
阿魏无真却有真、臭而止臭是为珍。）解蕈菜、自死牛马肉毒。治心腹冷痛。疟痢。（疟痢多
由积滞而起。）传尸疳劳疰蛊。人之血气。闻香则顺。闻臭则逆。虚人虽有痞积。当先养胃
气。胃强则坚积渐磨而消矣。不宜用此。臭烈更伤胃气。出西番。木脂熬成。极臭。试取少
许。安铜器一宿。沾处白如银汞者真。（人多以胡蒜白赝之。）用钵研细。热酒器上 过入药
。
泻热杀虫。
大苦大寒。功专清热杀虫。凉肝明目。镇心除烦。治小儿惊痫。敷 齿。（以盐汤漱净、
敷
之。）湿癣。（甘草末减半和敷。）吹鼻杀脑疳。除鼻痒。脾胃虚者忌投。出波斯国。木脂也
。味苦色绿者真。
泻热杀虫。
苦能杀虫，咸能入骨软坚，大寒能除热。治咽喉热痛。（磨扫取涎。）齿 、风疳、骨槽。
（
今口齿家、多用为要药。）结核瘰 。切勿多服。令吐无休。出凉肃。乃胡桐脂入土。得斥
卤之气结成。如小石片。名石泪。入药最胜。木泪乃树脂流出者。其状如膏油。不堪用。（
牙疳宣露脓血臭气者、胡桐泪一两、枸杞根一升、每用五钱、煎汤热漱。）
乔木类
泻相火、燥湿清热。
苦寒微辛。沉阴下降。泻膀胱相火。（足太阳引经药。）除湿清热。疗下焦虚。（非真能
补也
、肾苦燥、急食辛以润之、肾欲坚、急食苦以坚之、相火退而肾固、则无狂荡之患、按肾本
属水、虚则热矣、心本属火、虚则寒矣。）骨蒸劳热。诸痿瘫痪。（热甚则伤血、血不荣筋则
短而为拘、湿胜则伤筋、筋不束骨则弛长而为痿、合苍术、名二妙散、清热利湿、为治痿
要药、或兼气虚血虚、脾虚肾虚、湿痰死血之不一、宜随证施治、目赤耳鸣。肾火。）消渴
黄胆。水肿便闭。（王善夫病便闭、腹坚如石、腿裂出水、治满、利小便药、遍服不效、东
垣曰∶此奉养太过、膏粱积热、损伤肾水、致膀胱干涸、小便不化、火又逆上而为呕哕、难
经所谓关则不得小便、格则吐逆、内经所谓无阴则阳无以化也、遂处以北方大苦寒之剂、黄
柏知母各一两、酒洗焙研、桂一钱为引、名滋肾丸、服二百丸、未几，前阴如刀刺火烧、溺
出如泉、肿胀遂消。）水泻热痢。痔血肠风。漏下赤白。（皆湿热为病。）诸疮痛痒。冻疮。（
乳调敷。）头疮。（末敷。）口疮。（蜜炒研含、凡口疮用凉药不效者、乃中气不足、虚火上炎
、宜用反治之法、参术甘草、补土之虚、干姜散火之标、甚者加附子、或噙官桂、引火归元
。）杀虫安蛔。必尺脉洪大。按之有力。方可用。若虚火误服。有寒中之变。川产肉浓、色
深者良。生用降实火。蜜炙则庶不甚伤胃。炒黑能止崩带。酒制治上。蜜制治中。盐制治下
。恶干漆。得知母良。（时珍曰∶知母佐黄柏、滋阴降火、有金水相生之义、古云∶黄柏无
知母、犹水母之无虾也、盖黄柏能制命门膀胱肾中之火、知母能清肺金、滋肾之化源。千
金方、治小儿重舌、黄柏浸竹沥、涂之甚妙。）
【阿魏】
具有泻下、消积、杀虫的功效。
味辛，性平。归脾、胃经。能消除肉食积滞，杀灭肠道寄生虫，去除腥臭气味。谚语说：“黄芩没有假货，阿魏没有真货。”刘纯在《玉机微义》中说：“阿魏虽无真货却有真品，以臭制臭才是珍品。”（此处原文括号内为补充说明）能解食菌类、自死牛马肉之毒。治疗心腹冷痛、疟疾和痢疾。（疟疾和痢疾多由积滞引起。）治疗传尸疳劳、疰气、蛊毒。人的血气，闻到香气则顺畅，闻到臭味则逆乱。虚损之人即使有痞块积滞，也应当先养胃气。胃气强健，则坚硬的积滞会逐渐磨碎而消散。此时不宜使用阿魏，因为其气味猛烈，更会损伤胃气。阿魏产于西番，由木脂熬制而成，气味极臭。试用少许，放在铜器中过夜，接触处变白如银汞者即为真品。（许多人用胡蒜的白色部分来冒充它。）使用时用钵研细，在热酒器上熏过后再入药。
【黄柏】
具有泻热、杀虫的功效。
味大苦，性大寒。功效专于清热杀虫，凉肝明目，镇心安神除烦。治疗小儿惊痫。外敷牙齿。（先用盐汤漱口干净，然后敷上。）治疗湿癣。（将甘草末减半与黄柏粉混合后敷用。）吹鼻可治脑疳，消除鼻痒。脾胃虚寒者忌用。产于波斯国，属于木脂。味道苦、颜色绿者为真品。
【胡桐泪】
具有泻热、杀虫的功效。
苦味能杀虫，咸味能入骨软坚，大寒性能除热。治疗咽喉热痛。（研磨后扫涂以取痰涎。）治疗齿槽风疳、骨槽风。（如今口腔科多用其为要药。）治疗结核瘰疬。切勿多服，否则会导致呕吐不止。产于凉肃，是胡桐脂落入土中，吸收斥卤之气凝结而成，形状像小石片，名叫“石泪”，入药效果最好。木泪则是树脂流出者，形状像膏油，不堪入药。（治疗牙疳宣露脓血臭气者：用胡桐泪一两、枸杞根一升，每次取五钱，煎汤热漱。）
【黄柏续论】
具有泻相火、燥湿清热的功效。
味苦寒，微辛。性质沉阴下降。能泻膀胱相火。（足太阳膀胱经的引经药。）除湿清热。治疗下焦虚证。（并非真正能补益，而是通过清除邪热来固护正气。肾恶燥，急食辛以润之；肾欲坚，急食苦以坚之。相火退去则肾气坚固，就不会有狂荡之患。按：肾本属水，虚则生热；心本属火，虚则生寒。）治疗骨蒸劳热、各种痿证瘫痪。（热盛则伤血，血不荣养筋脉则短缩而为拘挛；湿胜则伤筋，筋不能束骨则弛长而为痿废。合苍术使用，名为二妙散，清热利湿，是治疗痿证的要药。若兼有气虚、血虚、脾虚、肾虚、湿痰、死血等不同情况，宜随证施治。）治疗目赤耳鸣（肾火所致）。治疗消渴、黄疸、水肿、便秘。（王善夫患便秘，腹部坚硬如石，腿部裂开出水。治疗胀满、利小便的药物遍服无效。李东垣说：这是由于奉养太过，膏粱厚味积热，损伤肾水，导致膀胱干涸，小便无法气化，火气又逆上而为呕哕。《难经》所谓“关则不得小便，格则吐逆”，《内经》所谓“无阴则阳无以化”。于是处方北方大苦寒之剂，黄柏、知母各一两，酒洗焙干研末，桂枝一钱为引，名为滋肾丸。服用二百丸后不久，前阴如刀刺火烧般疼痛，小便如泉涌出，肿胀随即消退。）治疗水泻、热痢。治疗痔血、肠风。治疗漏下赤白带下。（皆因湿热致病。）治疗各种疮疡痛痒、冻疮。（用乳汁调敷。）治疗头疮。（研末外敷。）治疗口疮。（蜜炒研末含服。凡是用凉药治疗口疮无效的，是中气不足，虚火上炎，宜用反治之法，用人参、白术、甘草补土之虚，用干姜散火之标，严重者加附子，或含服官桂，以引火归元。）杀虫安蛔。必须尺脉洪大，按之有力，方可使用。若虚火误服，会有寒中之变。四川产的肉厚、色深者良。生用降实火，蜜炙则不太伤胃，炒黑能止崩带，酒制治上部病证，蜜制治中部病证，盐制治下部病证。畏干漆。得知母配合效果好。（李时珍说：知母佐助黄柏，滋阴降火，有金水相生之义。古语云：“黄柏无知母，犹水母之无虾也。”盖黄柏能制约命门、膀胱、肾中之火，知母能清肺金，滋肾之化源。《千金方》治疗小儿重舌，用黄柏浸竹沥涂之甚妙。）
[Asafoetida]
Has the effects of purging, resolving accumulation, and killing parasites.
Pungent in flavor, neutral in nature. Enters the Spleen and Stomach meridians. Resolves meat accumulation, kills intestinal parasites, and removes foul odors. The proverb says: "There are no fake Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin), but there are no genuine Asafoetida." Liu Chun in *Yuji Wei Yi* states: "Although genuine Asafoetida is rare, there is a true form; using odor to counteract odor is the precious quality." It resolves toxicity from mushrooms and dead cattle or horse meat. Treats cold pain in the heart and abdomen, malaria, and dysentery. (Malaria and dysentery often arise from food stagnation.) Treats tuberculosis with wasting, infantile malnutrition, pestilential diseases, and gu poisoning. Human Qi and Blood flow smoothly upon smelling fragrant odors and become turbulent upon smelling foul odors. In deficient patients, even if there are masses and accumulations, one should first nourish Stomach Qi. When Stomach Qi is strong, hard accumulations will gradually be ground down and dissipated. At this stage, Asafoetida should not be used, as its strong odor further damages Stomach Qi. Asafoetida originates from Xifan (Western Regions), made by boiling tree resin, with an extremely foul smell. To test authenticity, place a small amount in a copper vessel overnight; if the contact area turns white like silver amalgam, it is genuine. (Many people use the white part of garlic to counterfeit it.) Grind finely in a mortar, pass over a hot wine vessel, and then add to prescriptions.
[Phellodendri Cortex / Huangbo]
Has the effects of purging heat and killing parasites.
Bitter in flavor, cold in nature. Its function specializes in clearing heat and killing parasites, cooling the Liver, brightening the eyes, calming the Heart, and relieving irritability. Treats pediatric convulsions and epilepsy. Apply externally to teeth. (Rinse mouth thoroughly with salt water before application.) Treats wet tinea. (Mix with half the amount of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma powder for external application.) Blowing into the nose treats brain-related gan sores and relieves nasal itching. Contraindicated in cases of Spleen and Stomach deficiency-cold. Originates from Persia, being a tree resin. Genuine product is bitter in taste and green in color.
[Commiphora Myrrha / Hutong Lei - Note: Context implies Commiphora or similar resinous tear, specifically Hu Tong Lei]
Has the effects of purging heat and killing parasites.
Bitterness can kill parasites, saltiness enters bones to soften hardness, and great coldness eliminates heat. Treats sore throat with heat and pain. (Grind and sweep to remove phlegm.) Treats periodontal wind-gan and alveolar osteitis. (Currently, dentists often use it as an essential medicine.) Treats tuberculous lymphadenitis. Do not take in large doses, as it may cause incessant vomiting. Originates from Liangsu, formed when Commiphora resin falls into the soil and absorbs saline-alkali qi, condensing into small stone-like flakes named "Stone Tears," which are superior for medicinal use. "Wood Tears" are exuded resins resembling oil paste, which are unsuitable for use. (To treat periodontal gangrene with pus, blood, and foul odor: use 1 liang of Hu Tong Lei and 1 sheng of Lycii Cortex root, take 5 qian each time, decoct in water for hot gargling.)
[Continuation on Phellodendri Cortex / Huangbo]
Has the effects of draining Ministerial Fire, drying dampness, and clearing heat.
Bitter and cold, slightly pungent. Heavy and Yin in nature, descending. Drains the Ministerial Fire of the Bladder. (Meridian-guiding herb for the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian.) Removes dampness and clears heat. Treats lower Jiao deficiency. (This does not mean true tonification. The Kidney dislikes dryness; urgently eat pungent herbs to moisten it. The Kidney desires firmness; urgently eat bitter herbs to solidify it. When Ministerial Fire recedes, Kidney Qi becomes firm, avoiding manic tendencies. Note: The Kidney belongs to Water; deficiency generates heat. The Heart belongs to Fire; deficiency generates cold.) Treats bone-steaming tidal fever and various atrophy syndromes with paralysis. (Excessive heat injures Blood; if Blood fails to nourish sinews, they shorten causing spasms. Excessive dampness injures sinews; if sinews fail to bind bones, they elongate causing flaccidity. Combined with Atractylodis Rhizoma, it forms Er Miao San, clearing heat and promoting dampness drainage, an essential formula for treating atrophy. If accompanied by Qi deficiency, Blood deficiency, Spleen deficiency, Kidney deficiency, damp-phlegm, or static blood, treatment should follow syndrome differentiation.) Treats red eyes and tinnitus (due to Kidney Fire). Treats Xiao Ke (Wasting and Thirsting), jaundice, edema, and constipation. (Wang Shanfu suffered from constipation, abdomen hard as stone, legs cracking and oozing fluid. Diuretics for distension were ineffective. Li Dongyuan said: This is due to excessive indulgence, accumulation of heat from rich foods, damaging Kidney Water, leading to dryness of the Bladder and failure of urine transformation. Fire rebels upward causing vomiting. As stated in *Nan Jing*: "Guan means inability to urinate, Ge means vomiting." As stated in *Nei Jing*: "Without Yin, Yang cannot transform." Thus, a prescription of great bitter-cold herbs from the North was used: Huangbo and Zhimu each 1 liang, washed in wine, baked and powdered, with 1 qian of Cinnamomi Ramulus as a guide, named Zishen Wan. After taking 200 pills, shortly thereafter, the anterior orifice felt like knife-stabbing and burning, urine flowed like a spring, and swelling subsided.) Treats watery diarrhea and heat-dysentery. Treats hemorrhoidal bleeding and intestinal wind. Treats leukorrhea with red and white discharge. (All caused by damp-heat.) Treats various sores with pain and itching, frostbite. (Apply mixed with milk.) Treats scalp sores. (Apply powder.) Treats oral ulcers. (Honey-fried, powdered, and held in mouth. For oral ulcers unresponsive to cooling herbs, it indicates insufficient Middle Qi and defluxion of empty fire. Use contrary treatment: Renshen, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma to tonify Earth deficiency; Ginger to scatter fire's manifestation; severe cases add Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, or hold Cinnamomi Cortex to guide fire back to its source.) Kills parasites and calms roundworms. Must have a surging Chi pulse that is forceful upon pressure before use. If taken mistakenly for empty fire, it causes cold injury in the middle. Sichuan-produced, thick flesh, and dark color are superior. Raw use drains excess fire; honey-fried use lessens stomach damage; charred use stops metrorrhagia and leukorrhea; wine-processed use treats upper body conditions; honey-processed use treats middle body conditions; salt-processed use treats lower body conditions. Adversely interacts with Dry Lacquer. Works well with Anemarrhenae Rhizoma. (Li Shizhen said: Anemarrhenae Rhizoma assists Phellodendri Cortex to nourish Yin and descend fire, embodying the principle of Metal generating Water. Ancient saying: "Phellodendri Cortex without Anemarrhenae Rhizoma is like a jellyfish without a shrimp." Phellodendri Cortex controls fire in the Mingmen, Bladder, and Kidney; Anemarrhenae Rhizoma clears Lung Metal and nourishes the source of Kidney transformation. *Qianjin Fang* treats pediatric double tongue by soaking Phellodendri Cortex in bamboo sap and applying it, which is very effective.)