\r皂角\pq74.bmp\r
开关利窍。导滞宣风。涤垢行痰。杀虫化食。或搐鼻而取嚏。或探吐以稀涎。或疮毒
用以外敷。或疫疠取其焚气。性味窜通腑与脏。辛咸润下毒而温。角刺纯辛。力尤锋锐。其
搜风杀虫之治。用若相同。而溃痈散毒之长。功能独擅。角子烧灰。能通闭结。肠风致病。
可仗咸温。（皂角辛咸温有毒。攻散峻厉之品。入肺与大肠。无邪不散。无坚不破。故能开
关导滞。以其辛也。故能宣风利窍。以其咸也。故能润下豁痰。又邪在上者用之。可以取吐
。如喉痹喉风之属。邪在下者用之。可以攻下。如食积痰结之类。至于外治之效。则杀虫治
癣。敷肿毒。止牙疼。信手拈来。头头是道。角刺则辛而不咸。其锋锐之力。能直达病所。
凡治外证。溃散之力颇多。角子咸温性降。善导大肠风闭燥结。疏通一切滞气。皂有三种。
形如猪牙者为牙皂。形长三四寸。肉浓多脂者为肥皂。形长七八寸。无肉而瘦者为皂荚。皆
可用之。）
\r诃子\pq75a1.bmp\r
敛肺除痰。降逆温通能下气。固肠治痢。酸收苦泄各随方。大肠有湿热者忌投。肺部
有火邪者勿用。（诃子苦降之力有余。酸涩之性不足。故能下肺气。除胸膈痰食结气。仲景
以之治气痢。用之治气也。后世但用以敛肺涩肠。而忘其除痰下气。亦疏矣。总之此物同乌
梅五味用。则敛。同陈皮浓朴用。则泄。各随其宜耳。以其性温。故宜寒病不宜热病。）
具有开通闭塞、通利孔窍的作用。能疏导积滞、宣散风邪。可涤除污垢、行化痰浊。能杀虫、消食。可以搐入鼻腔以引发喷嚏，或探入咽喉以催吐稀涎。疮毒可用其外敷，疫疠之气可用其焚烧产生的烟雾来驱除。其性味窜通腑脏，辛咸之性润下，有毒且性温。皂角的刺纯辛，力量尤为锋锐。它在搜风杀虫方面的治疗作用，与皂角本身相似，但在溃痈散毒方面的特长，则是皂角刺所独有的。皂角的子烧成灰后，能通利闭结。对于肠风引起的疾病，可倚仗其咸温之性。（皂角辛、咸、温，有毒，属于攻散峻厉的药物，入肺经和大肠经，凡有邪气则无不散除，有坚结则无不攻破，所以能开通闭塞、疏导积滞。因其辛味，所以能宣散风邪、通利孔窍；因其咸味，所以能润下、豁除痰浊。另外，病邪在上焦的用它，可以引起呕吐，如喉痹、喉风等病症；病邪在下焦的用它，可以攻下，如食积、痰结之类的病症。至于外用疗效，则杀虫治癣、敷贴肿毒、止牙痛，随手拿来，头头是道。皂角刺则辛而不咸，其锋锐之力，能直达病所。凡是治疗外部病症，溃散的力量很多。皂角子咸温，性质沉降，善于引导大肠的风闭燥结，疏通一切滞气。皂角有三种：形状像猪牙的是牙皂，形状长三四寸、肉质浓厚多油脂的是肥皂，形状长七八寸、没有肉而瘦的是皂荚，都可以使用。）
收敛肺气、消除痰浊。降逆、温通，能够下气。固护肠道、治疗痢疾。酸收和苦泄的作用，根据方剂配伍各有侧重。大肠有湿热的患者忌用。肺部有火邪的患者勿用。（诃子苦降的力量有余，酸涩的性质不足，所以能下肺气，消除胸膈间的痰食结气。张仲景用它来治疗气痢，是利用它下气的作用。后世只是用来敛肺涩肠，而忘记了它除痰下气的功效，这也是疏忽了。总之，此物同乌梅、五味子一起用，则发挥收敛作用；同陈皮、厚朴一起用，则发挥泄降作用，各随其适宜的情况罢了。因为它性温，所以适宜寒性疾病，不适宜热性疾病。）
Sapodilla Fruit (Zao Jiao)
Opens blockages and unblocks orifices. Directs stagnation and disperses wind. Cleanses filth and transforms phlegm. Kills parasites and digests food. It may be insufflated into the nose to induce sneezing, or used as an emetic probe to thin saliva and phlegm. For sores and toxins, it is applied externally; for epidemics, its smoke from burning is utilized. Its nature and flavor penetrate through the fu and zang organs. Pungent and salty, it moistens and directs downward; it is toxic and warm. The thorns of the fruit are purely pungent, with force that is particularly sharp. In treating wind-searching and parasite-killing, its efficacy is similar to that of the fruit itself, but in the specialty of ulcerating abscesses and dissipating toxins, its function is uniquely superior. When the seeds are burned to ash, they can unblock constipation. They can be relied upon for conditions caused by intestinal wind due to their salty and warm nature. (Zao Jiao is pungent, salty, and warm, and is toxic. It is a harsh agent for attacking and dispersing. It enters the Lung and Large Intestine meridians. Wherever there is pathogenic factor, it scatters it; wherever there is hardness, it breaks it. Thus, it opens blockages and directs stagnation. Because of its pungency, it disperses wind and benefits orifices; because of its saltiness, it moistens downward and expels phlegm. Furthermore, when pathogens are located in the upper jiao, using it can induce vomiting, such as in cases of throat obstruction (Hou Bi) or throat wind (Hou Feng). When pathogens are in the lower jiao, using it can promote purgation, such as in cases of food accumulation or phlegm nodules. Regarding external therapeutic effects, killing parasites and treating tinea, applying to swelling and toxins, and stopping toothache are all effective and appropriate. Zao Jiao Ci (Gleditsiae Sinensis Spina) is pungent but not salty; its sharp force can reach the disease site directly. For treating external conditions, its ability to ulcerate and dissipate is considerable. Zao Jiao Zi (Gleditsiae Sinensis Fructus) is salty and warm, with a descending nature. It is good at guiding wind-closure and dry constipation in the Large Intestine, and unblocking all types of stagnant qi. There are three types of Zao Jiao: those shaped like pig teeth are called Ya Zao; those long, 3-4 cun, with thick flesh and abundant oil are called Fei Zao; those long, 7-8 cun, without flesh and lean are called Zao Jia. All can be used.)
He Zi (Chebulae Fructus)
Astringes the Lung and eliminates phlegm. Descends rebellion, warms and unblocks, and can direct qi downward. Secures the intestines and treats dysentery. The astringent-receiving and bitter-draining properties vary according to the prescription. It is contraindicated for patients with damp-heat in the Large Intestine. It should not be used for patients with fire-pathogens in the Lung. (He Zi has sufficient power of bitter descent but insufficient nature of astringent sourness. Therefore, it can descend Lung qi and eliminate chest and diaphragm phlegm, food, and stagnant qi. Zhang Zhongjing used it to treat Qi-type dysentery, utilizing its qi-descending property. Later generations only used it to astringe the Lung and secure the intestines, forgetting its ability to eliminate phlegm and descend qi, which was also a negligence. In summary, when used together with Wu Mei (Mume Fructus) and Wu Wei Zi (Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus), it acts as an astringent; when used together with Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) and Hou Po (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex), it acts as a drainer. This depends on the appropriate combination. Because its nature is warm, it is suitable for cold diseases and not suitable for heat diseases.)