\r杜蘅\ph171.bmp\r，旧不着所出州土，今江淮间皆有之。苗叶都似细辛，惟香气小
异，而根亦粗，黄白色
，叶似马蹄，故名马蹄香。三月三日采根，熟洗，曝干。谨按《山海经》云∶天帝之山，有
草状如葵，其臭如蘼芜，名曰杜蘅，可以走马，食之已瘿。郭璞注云∶带之，可以走马。或
曰马得之而健走。《尔雅》谓之杜，又名土卤，然杜若亦名杜蘅，或疑是杜若。据郭璞注云
∶似葵而香，故知是此杜蘅也。今人用作浴汤及衣香，甚佳。
\r紫草\ph172.bmp\r，生砀山山谷及楚地，今处处有之。人家园圃中，或种莳。其根
所以染紫也。《尔雅》
谓之藐。《广雅》谓之茈 。苗似兰香，茎赤，节青；二月有花，紫白色；秋实白。三月采
根，阴干。古方稀见使。今医家多用治伤寒时疾，发疮疹不出者，以此作药，使其发出。韦
宙《独行方》，治豌豆疮，煮紫草汤，饮。后人相承用之，其效尤速。
\r紫菀\ph173.bmp\r，生房陵山谷，及真定邯郸，今耀、成、泗、寿、台、孟州、兴
国军皆有之。三月内布
地生苗叶，其叶三、四相连；五月、六月内开黄紫白花；结黑子。本有白毛，根甚柔细。二
月、三月内取根，阴干用。又有一种白者，名白菀。苏恭云∶白菀即女菀也，疗体并同。无
紫菀时，亦可通用女菀。下自有条。今人亦稀用。古今《传信方》用之最要，近医疗久嗽不
瘥，此方甚佳。紫菀去芦头，款冬花各一两，百部半两，三物捣罗为散，每服三钱匕。生姜
三片，乌梅一个，同煎汤调下，食后欲卧，各一服。
杜蘅，旧籍中未记载其出产的州郡土地，如今江淮地区都有生长。它的苗叶看起来都像细辛，只是香气略有不同，而且根也比较粗大，呈黄白色；叶子形状像马蹄，所以名叫“马蹄香”。三月三日采集根部，仔细洗净，晒干。谨按《山海经》记载：天帝山有一种草，形状像葵菜，气味像蘼芜，名叫杜蘅，佩戴它可以让人跑得像马一样快，食用它可以治愈瘿瘤（甲状腺肿等颈部肿块）。郭璞注释说：佩戴它，可以让人跑得快。另一种说法是马得到它之后奔跑更加矫健。《尔雅》称它为“杜”，又名“土卤”，然而杜若也叫做杜蘅，有人怀疑这是杜若。根据郭璞注释说：像葵菜且有香味，所以知道这就是此处的杜蘅。现在的人用它来煮洗澡水以及作为衣物熏香，效果很好。
紫草，生长在砀山的山谷及楚地，如今到处都有。人们在家中的园圃里，有时也会种植。它的根部可以用来染紫色。《尔雅》称它为“藐”。《广雅》称它为“茈”。苗叶像兰香，茎是红色的，节是青色的；二月开花，花色紫白相间；秋天结白色的果实。三月采集根部，阴干。古方中很少见到使用它。现在的医生多用它治疗伤寒和时行疾病，对于疮疹发不出来的人，用此药作为药物，促使疮疹发出。韦宙在《独行方》中，治疗豌豆疮（天花或类似皮疹疾病），煮紫草汤饮用。后人沿袭使用这种方法，疗效尤其迅速。
紫菀，生长在房陵的山谷，以及真定、邯郸等地，如今耀州、成州、泗州、寿州、台州、孟州、兴国军都有生长。三月内贴着地面生出苗叶，叶子三到四片相连；五月、六月间开出黄紫白色的花；结黑色的种子。根部原本有白色的绒毛，质地非常柔细。二月、三月间采集根部，阴干后使用。又有一种白色的，名叫白菀。苏恭说：白菀就是女菀，治疗作用完全相同。没有紫菀的时候，也可以通用女菀。下面自有相关条目说明。现在人也很少使用。古今《传信方》中使用它最为重要，近代医生治疗久咳不愈，这个方子非常好。紫菀去掉芦头，款冬花各一两，百部半两，将这三味药捣碎过筛制成散剂，每次服用三钱匕。生姜三片，乌梅一个，一起煎汤调服，饭后准备睡觉时，各服用一次。
Duheng, ancient records do not specify its place of origin; it is now found throughout the Jianghuai region. Its seedlings and leaves resemble those of Asari Radix et Rhizoma (Xixin), differing only slightly in aroma, while its root is also thicker, yellowish-white in color. The leaves resemble a horse's hoof, hence the name "Horse Hoof Fragrance" (Mati Xiang). The roots are harvested on the third day of the third lunar month, thoroughly washed, and sun-dried. According to the *Classic of Mountains and Seas* (*Shan Hai Jing*), there is a grass on Mount Tiandi that resembles Malva verticillata (Kuicai) in shape and smells like Pogostemon cablin (Miwu); it is called Duheng. Wearing it allows one to run as fast as a horse, and consuming it cures goiter (Ying). Guo Pu's commentary states: "Wearing it enables one to run swiftly." Another view holds that horses become stronger and faster after ingesting it. The *Erya* refers to it as "Du," also known as "Tulu." However, since Du Ruo is also sometimes called Duheng, some suspect they are the same. Based on Guo Pu's note that it resembles Kuicai and is fragrant, we know this is indeed Duheng. Currently, people use it for bathing water and as clothing fragrance, which is very effective.
Zicao, grows in the valleys of Dangshan and the Chu region, and is now ubiquitous. It is sometimes cultivated in household gardens. Its root is used for dyeing purple. The *Erya* calls it "Miao," and the *Guangya* calls it "Ci." The seedlings resemble Patchouli (Lanxiang); the stem is red, and the nodes are green. It flowers in February with purple-and-white blooms and bears white fruit in autumn. The roots are harvested in March and dried in the shade. It is rarely seen in ancient prescriptions. Modern physicians frequently use it to treat Cold Damage (Shanghan) and epidemic diseases, specifically to promote the eruption of sores and rashes that fail to surface. In Wei Zhou's *Single-Action Prescriptions* (*Duxing Fang*), it is prescribed for smallpox-like eruptions (Wandou Chuang) by boiling Zicao into a decoction for drinking. Later generations adopted this method, finding the efficacy particularly rapid.
Ziwan, grows in the valleys of Fangling, as well as in Zhending and Handan. It is currently found in Yaozhou, Chengzhou, Sizhou, Shouzhou, Taizhou, Mengzhou, and Xingguo Jun. Seedlings and leaves emerge close to the ground in March, with three or four leaves connected together. Yellow-purple and white flowers bloom in May and June, producing black seeds. The root possesses white hairs and is very soft and fine. Roots are harvested in February and March and dried in the shade. There is another variety that is white, named Baiwan. Su Gong stated: "Baiwan is equivalent to Nüwan, and their therapeutic properties are identical." When Ziwan is unavailable, Nüwan can be used interchangeably. Relevant details follow in subsequent entries. It is rarely used nowadays. However, it is considered essential in the ancient and modern *Chuanxin Fang*. For treating chronic coughs that do not resolve, this prescription is excellent. Remove the rhizome head from 1 liang of Asters Tataricus Root (Ziwan) and 1 liang of Winter Flower Bud (Kuandonghua), along with 0.5 liang of Stemona Root (Baibu). Pound and sieve these three substances into a powder. Take 3 qianbi per dose. Decoct with 3 slices of Fresh Ginger (Shengjiang) and 1 Smoked Plum (Wumei), mix with the decoction, and take one dose before sleep after meals.