\r瞿麦\ph168.bmp\r，生泰山川谷，今处处有之。苗高一尺以来，叶尖小青色；根紫
黑色，形如细蔓菁；花
红紫赤色，亦似映山红，二月至五月开；七月结实作穗，子颇似麦，故以名之。立秋后合子
、叶收采，阴干用。河阳河中府出者，苗可用。淮甸出者根细，村民取作刷帚。《尔雅》谓
之大菊，《广雅》谓之茈萎是也。古今方通心经，利小肠为最要。张仲景治小便不利，有水
气，栝蒌瞿麦丸主之。栝蒌根二两，大附子一个，茯苓、山芋各三两，瞿麦一分，五物杵末
，蜜丸如梧子大。一服三丸，日三。未知，益至七、八丸。以小便利，腹中温为知也。
\r败酱\ph169.bmp\r，生江夏川谷，今江东亦有之，多生岗岭间。叶似水茛及薇衔，
丛生；花黄，根紫色，
似柴胡，作陈败豆酱气，故以为名。八月采根，曝干用。张仲景治腹痈，腹有脓者，薏苡仁
附子败酱汤。薏苡仁十分，附子二分，败酱五分，三物捣为末，取方寸匕，以水二升，煎取
一升，顿服之，小盒饭下，愈。
\r白芷\ph170.bmp\r，生河东川谷下泽，今所在有之，吴地尤多。根长尺余，白色，
粗细不等；枝秆去地五
寸以上；春生，叶相对婆娑，紫色，阔三指许；花白，微黄；入伏后结子，立秋后苗枯。二
月、八月采根，曝干。以黄泽者为佳。楚人谓之药。《九歌》云∶辛夷楣兮药局。王逸注云
∶药，白芷是也。
瞿麦，生长于泰山的山谷中，如今各地都有分布。植株高度约一尺左右，叶片尖小且呈青色；根部呈紫黑色，形状像细长的蔓菁；花朵为红紫色，也类似映山红，从二月到五月开花；七月结果形成穗状，种子很像麦子，因此得名。立秋后采集果实和叶子，阴干后使用。河阳、河中府出产的瞿麦，其苗叶可用。淮甸地区出产的瞿麦根较细，村民常将其制作成扫帚。《尔雅》称其为“大菊”，《广雅》称其为“茈萎”。古今方书中，瞿麦以入心经、利小肠最为重要。张仲景治疗小便不利、有水气停留的病证，主用栝蒌瞿麦丸。方中包括：栝蒌根二两，大附子一枚，茯苓、山芋各三两，瞿麦一分。将以上五味药捣碎成末，用蜂蜜制成梧桐子大小的丸剂。每次服用三丸，每日三次。若未见效，可逐渐增加至七、八丸。以小便利、腹部温暖作为药效显现的标准。
败酱，生长于江夏的山谷中，如今江东地区也有分布，多生长在山岗岭间。叶片似水茛菪及薇衔，丛生；花朵黄色，根部紫色，形状似柴胡，具有陈旧豆酱的气味，因此得名。八月采集根部，晒干后使用。张仲景治疗腹痈、腹部有脓液的病证，使用薏苡仁附子败酱汤。方中包括：薏苡仁十分，附子二分，败酱五分。将这三味药捣碎成末，取一方寸匕的药量，加水二升，煎煮取一升药液，一次性服下，不久即可排出脓液，病愈。
白芷，生长于河东地区的山谷低湿处，如今各地都有分布，吴地尤为多见。根长一尺有余，白色，粗细不等；枝秆离地面五寸以上部分开始生叶；春季生长，叶片相对而生，姿态婆娑，呈紫色，宽度约三指；花朵白色，微黄；入伏后结籽，立秋后茎叶枯萎。二月、八月采集根部，晒干。以黄泽地产者为佳。楚地人称之为“药”。《九歌》中说：“辛夷楣兮药局。”王逸注释说：“药，就是白芷。”
Tongduomu (Pseudoginseng Stem), its content is recorded under the entry of Tongcao (Akebiae Caulis) in the "Stationery" section.
Qumai (Dianthi Herba), grows in the valleys of Mount Tai, and is now distributed everywhere. The plant is about one chi tall, with small, pointed, green leaves; the root is purplish-black, shaped like a slender turnip; the flowers are red-purple, resembling Rhododendron molle (Yingshanhong), blooming from February to May; it bears fruit in July forming spikes, and the seeds resemble wheat, hence its name. After the Start of Autumn, collect the seeds and leaves, dry them in the shade for use. Those from Heyang and Hezhong Prefecture have usable stems and leaves. Those from Huaidian have fine roots, which villagers use to make brooms. *Erya* calls it "Da Ju", and *Guangya* calls it "Zi Wei". In ancient and modern formulas, Qumai is most important for entering the Heart Meridian and promoting urination from the Small Intestine. Zhang Zhongjing treats difficulty in urination with water retention using Gualou Qumai Wan (Trichosanthes Root and Dianthus Pill). The formula consists of: Gualou Gen (Trichosanthes Radix) 2 liang, Da Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata) 1 piece, Fuling (Poria), and Shanyu (Dioscoreae Rhizoma) each 3 liang, Qumai 1 fen. Pound the five substances into powder, mix with honey to form pills the size of a large bird's seed. Take 3 pills per dose, three times daily. If ineffective, increase gradually to 7 or 8 pills. Effectiveness is indicated by free urination and warmth in the abdomen.
Baijiang (Patriniae Herba), grows in the valleys of Jiangxia, and is now also found in the Jiangdong region, mostly on hills and ridges. The leaves resemble Hyoscyamus niger (Shui Gen Dang) and Osmunda japonica (Wei Xian), growing in clusters; the flowers are yellow, the root is purplish, resembling Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu), and has the odor of old fermented bean paste, hence its name. Collect the roots in August, sun-dry for use. Zhang Zhongjing treats abdominal abscesses with pus in the abdomen using Yiyiren Fuzi Baijiang Tang (Coix Seed, Aconite, and Patrinia Decoction). The formula consists of: Yiyiren (Coicis Semen) 10 parts, Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata) 2 parts, Baijiang (Patriniae Herba) 5 parts. Pound these three substances into powder, take one fangcun bi (a square-inch scoop) of the powder, add two sheng of water, decoct to obtain one sheng of liquid, and take it all at once. Pus will be discharged shortly after, and the disease will be cured.
Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix), grows in the lower wet valleys of Hedong, and is now distributed everywhere, especially abundant in the Wu region. The root is over one chi long, white, varying in thickness; the stem branches above five cun from the ground; it sprouts in spring, with opposite, graceful purple leaves about three fingers wide; the flowers are white with a slight yellow tint; it sets seed after the Start of Summer Heat, and the foliage withers after the Start of Autumn. Collect the roots in February and August, sun-dry. Those from Huangze are considered best. People in Chu call it "Yao". The *Nine Songs* states: "Magnolia beams and Yao doors." Wang Yi annotates: "Yao refers to Baizhi."