\r菝 \ph164.bmp\r，旧不载所出州土，但云生山野，今近京及江、浙州郡多有之。
苗茎成蔓，长二、三尺
，有刺；其叶如冬青、乌药叶，又似菱叶差大；秋生黄花，结黑子，樱桃许大；其根作块，
赤黄色。二月、八月采根，曝干用。江浙间人呼为金刚根。浸赤汁以煮粉，食云∶啖之可以
辟瘴。其叶以盐捣，傅风肿恶疮等，俗用有效。田舍贫家，亦取以酿酒，治风毒脚弱，痹满
上气，殊佳。
\r通草\ph166.bmp\r，生石城山谷及山阴，今泽、潞、汉中、江淮、湖南州郡亦有之。
生作藤蔓，大如指；
其茎秆大者径三寸，每节有二、三枝；枝头出五叶，颇类石韦；又似芍药，三叶相对，夏秋
开紫花，亦有白花者；结实如小木瓜，核黑，瓤白，食之甘美，南人谓之燕 ，亦云乌 。
正月、二月采枝，阴干用。或以为葡萄苗，非也。今人谓之木通。而俗间所谓通草，乃通脱
木也。此木生山侧，叶如萆麻，心空，中有瓤，轻白可爱，女工取以饰物。《尔雅》云∶离
南，活 （音脱）。释云∶离南，草也，一名活 。《山海经》又名寇脱，生江南，高丈许，
大叶似荷而肥，茎中有瓤，正白者是也。又名倚商，主蛊毒。其花上粉，主诸虫 恶疮痔疾
，取粉内疮中。正元广利方，疗瘰 ，及李绛兵部疗胸伏气攻胃咽不散方中，并用之。今京
师园圃间亦有种莳者。又按张氏《燕吴行役记》∶扬州大仪甘泉东院两廊前，有通草，其形
如椿，少叶，子垂梢际，如苦楝。与今所说殊别，不知是木通邪？通脱邪？或别是一种也。
古
方所用通草，皆今之木通。通脱稀有使者，近世医家多用利小便。南人或以蜜煎作果，食之
甚美，兼解诸药毒。
【菝葜】
过去没有记载它出产的州县土地，只说生长在山野之中，如今京城附近以及江、浙各州郡都有。
它的苗茎长成藤蔓，长二、三尺，有刺；它的叶子像冬青、乌药的叶子，又像是菱叶但稍大一些；秋天开黄花，结黑色的果实，大小如樱桃；它的根呈块状，颜色为赤黄色。二月、八月采集根部，晒干后使用。江浙一带的人称它为金刚根。用浸出红色汁液的水来煮米粉吃，据说：吃了它可以辟除瘴气。它的叶子用盐捣碎，敷在风肿、恶疮等处，民间使用有效。乡间贫苦人家，也用它来酿酒，治疗风毒引起的脚弱、痹痛胀满、气逆上冲等症状，效果很好。
【通草】
生长在石城山谷及山阴处，如今泽州、潞州、汉中、江淮、湖南各州郡也有。
生长时呈藤蔓状，粗细如手指；它的茎秆粗的直径有三寸，每节有二、三枝；枝头长出五片叶子，很像石韦；又像芍药，三片叶子相对，夏秋季节开紫花，也有开白花的；结的果实像小木瓜，核是黑色的，瓤是白色的，吃起来甘甜美味，南方人叫它燕（音），也叫乌（音）。正月、二月采集枝条，阴干后使用。有人把它当作葡萄苗，这是不对的。现在的人叫它木通。而民间所谓的通草，其实是通脱木。这种树生长在山侧，叶子像蓖麻，中心空心，里面有瓤，质地轻白可爱，女工取它来装饰物品。《尔雅》说：离南，活（音脱）。解释为：离南，是一种草，又名活。《山海经》又称寇脱，生长在江南，高一丈左右，叶子像荷叶且肥大，茎中有瓤，正是白色的那种。又名倚商，主治蛊毒。它的花粉，主治各种虫咬恶疮、痔疾，取花粉放入疮口中。正元广利方，治疗瘰疬，以及李绛兵部治疗胸中伏气攻冲胃咽不散的方子中，都使用它。如今京师园林中也有种植。又查张氏《燕吴行役记》：扬州大仪甘泉东院两廊前，有通草，形状像椿树，叶子少，果实垂在梢头，像苦楝树。这与现在所说的截然不同，不知道是木通呢？还是通脱木呢？或者是另一种植物？古方所用的通草，都是现在的木通。通脱木很少被使用，近世医家多用其利尿通小便的功效。南方人有时用蜜煎制成果品，吃起来很美味，兼能解各种药物中毒。
[Ba Qia] (Smilax glabra)
Previously, the specific provinces and localities of origin were not recorded; it was only stated that it grows in mountains and wild areas. Currently, it is abundant near the capital as well as in various prefectures of Jiang and Zhejiang.
Its seedlings and stems grow into vines, two to three chi long, with thorns; its leaves resemble those of Ilex cornuta (Dongqing) or Lindera aggregata (Wuyao), and are slightly larger than those of Trapa natans (Lingye); in autumn, it produces yellow flowers and bears black fruits the size of cherries; its root forms tubers, which are reddish-yellow. The roots are harvested in February and August and dried in the sun for use. People in the Jiang-Zhe region call it Jin Gang Gen (Diamond Root). It is used to soak red juice to boil rice flour for consumption, claiming that eating it can ward off miasma. Its leaves, when pounded with salt, are applied externally to treat wind-induced swelling and malignant sores, proving effective in folk practice. Poor rural families also use it to brew wine, which is excellent for treating wind-toxicity causing weakness in the legs, bi-syndrome with fullness, and rebellious qi ascending.
[Tong Cao] (Tetrapanacis Medulla)
It grows in the valleys and shady slopes of Shicheng. Currently, it is also found in Zezhou, Luzhou, Hanzhong, Jianghuai, and Hunan prefectures.
It grows as a vine, thick as a finger; the thicker stems have a diameter of three cun, with two or three branches at each node; five leaves emerge from the branch tips, resembling Polypodium nipponicum (Shiwei); it also resembles Paeonia lactiflora (Shaoyao), with three leaves opposite each other. It blooms with purple flowers in summer and autumn, though white-flowered varieties exist. The fruit resembles a small papaya, with black seeds and white pulp, tasting sweet and delicious. Southerners call it Yan [phonetic], or Wu [phonetic]. The branches are harvested in January and February and dried in the shade for use. Some mistake it for grape shoots, which is incorrect. Today, people refer to this plant as Mutong (Akebiae Caulis). However, what is commonly called Tongcao in folk usage is actually Tetrapanax papyriferus (Tongtuomu). This tree grows on mountain sides, with leaves resembling Ricinus communis (Bima). Its pith is hollow and filled with a light, white, attractive substance, which women artisans use for decoration. *Erya* states: Linan, Huotuo (pronounced tuo). The commentary explains: Linan is a herb, also known as Huotuo. *Shan Hai Jing* also calls it Kuaotuo, growing in Jiangnan, about one zhang high, with large, fat leaves resembling lotus leaves, and a stem containing white pulp. It is also known as Yishang, primarily treating gu poison. The powder from its flowers treats various insect-bitten malignant sores and hemorrhoids; the powder is taken and placed into the sore. In the *Zhengyuan Guangli Fang*, it is used to treat luoli (scrofula), and in Li Jiang’s formula for treating latent qi attacking the stomach, throat, and esophagus, it is also employed. It is now cultivated in gardens around the capital. Furthermore, according to Zhang’s *Yan Wu Xingyi Ji*: In front of the corridors of the East Courtyard at Ganquan in Dayi, Yangzhou, there is Tongcao. Its shape resembles Toona sinensis (Chun), with few leaves, and fruits hanging at the tips, resembling Melia azedarach (Kulian). This differs significantly from the description above. It is unknown whether this is Mutong, Tongtuomu, or a different species altogether. The Tongcao used in ancient formulas is all Mutong today. Tongtuomu is rarely used; modern physicians mostly utilize it to promote urination. Southerners sometimes preserve it in honey to make a fruit delicacy, which tastes very good and helps detoxify various medicines.