宣,发痘
咸温有毒。治痘疮倒 (《痘疹论》∶出不快而黑陷者, 猪血调下一钱;服凉药而血
涩倒陷者,麝香酒调服。时珍曰∶欲其窜入肾经,发出毒瓦斯,盖劫剂也。若伏毒在心,不省
人事,气虚色白、痒塌无脓,及热痱紫泡之证,只宜补虚解毒。苟误服此,则郁闷声哑,反
成不救)。 退火毒,研用。
补虚,润燥
甘咸。润五脏,补血液,止消渴,泽皮肤,治风火证(昂按∶老人便秘,人乳最良)。
本血所化,目得血而能视,用点赤涩多泪(热者,黄连浸点)。然性寒滑,脏寒胃弱人不宜
多服(时珍曰∶人乳无定性。其人和平,饮食冲淡,其乳必平。其人躁暴,饮酒食辛,或有
火病,其乳必热。又有孕之乳,为忌乳,最有毒,小儿食之吐泻,成疳魃之病,内亦损胎。
昂按∶乳乃阴血所化,生于脾胃,摄于冲任。未受孕则下为月水,既受孕则留而养胎,已产
则变赤为白,上为乳汁,以食小儿,乃造化之玄微也。服之益气血,补脑髓,乃谓以人养人
也。然能滑肠、湿脾、腻膈,天设之以为小儿,非壮者所当常服。唯制为粉,则有益无损,
又须旋用,久则油膻。须用一妇人之乳为佳,乳杂则其气杂。乳粉、参末等分蜜丸,名参乳
丸,大补气血)。取年少无病妇人乳、白而稠者,如儿食良。黄赤清色、气腥秽者,并不堪
用。或曝晒、用茯苓粉收,或水顿、取粉尤良。取粉法,小锅烧水滚,用银瓢如碗大(锡瓢
亦可)。倾乳少许入瓢,浮滚水上顿,再浮冷水上立干,刮取粉用,再顿再刮,如摊粉皮法。
【人牙】
性味:味咸,性温,有毒。
功效与应用:治疗痘疮倒陷(《痘疹论》记载:痘疹出得不顺畅且颜色黑陷的,用猪血调服一钱;因服用寒凉药物导致血脉凝涩而痘疹内陷的,用酒调服麝香)。李时珍说:此药意在引导药力窜入肾经,从而发出体内的毒气,属于一种劫夺邪气的猛剂。如果是心经伏毒导致的神志昏迷、不省人事,或者是气虚面色苍白、瘙痒塌陷无脓,以及热痱紫泡等证候,只适宜采用补虚解毒的方法。如果误服人牙,会导致郁闷、声音嘶哑,反而造成无法救治的后果。此外,研碎后可用于退火毒。
【人乳】
性味:味甘、咸。
功效与应用:具有补虚、润燥的作用。能滋润五脏,补充血液,止消渴症,润泽皮肤,治疗风火证(汪昂按语:老年人便秘,人乳是最为适宜的)。
人乳由血液化生,眼睛得到血液滋养才能视物,因此可用其点治眼目赤涩多泪(若属热证,可用黄连浸泡后滴眼)。然而人乳性质寒滑,脾胃虚寒之人不宜多服(李时珍说:人乳没有固定的性质。如果产妇性情平和,饮食清淡,其乳汁必然平和;如果产妇急躁暴怒,饮酒吃辛辣食物,或有火热病症,其乳汁必然偏热。还有孕妇的乳汁,称为“忌乳”,最有毒性,小儿食用后会呕吐腹泻,形成疳积和发育不良的疾病,对内也会损伤胎儿)。
汪昂按语:乳汁是由阴血化生,来源于脾胃,受冲脉和任脉的统摄。未受孕时,下行成为月经;既受孕后,留存体内以滋养胎儿;分娩后,由赤色变为白色,上行成为乳汁,用来喂养婴儿,这是造化玄妙的细微之处。服用它可以益气血,补脑髓,这叫做“以人养人”。但是它能滑肠、湿脾、腻膈,这是上天专门为小儿设立的,并非强壮者应当常服的东西。只有将其制成粉状,才有益而无损,而且必须现制现用,久放则会有油腥味。最好选用一位妇人的乳汁为佳,乳汁混杂则气味杂乱。将人乳粉与人参末各等分,用蜂蜜制成丸剂,名为参乳丸,大补气血。
选取年轻无病妇女的乳汁,以白色稠厚者为好,如同婴儿食用般良好。黄色、赤色、清稀且气味腥秽的,均不堪使用。或者晒干,用茯苓粉收存,或者用水煮沸,取其中的粉质尤佳。取粉的方法是:用小锅烧开水至沸腾,用银勺如碗大小(锡勺也可以)。倒入少许乳汁在勺中,让其在滚水上浮煮,再置于冷水上使其凝固干燥,刮取粉质备用,再次煮沸再次刮取,就像制作粉皮的方法一样。
[Ren Ya (Human Tooth)]
Properties and Flavor: Salty, warm, toxic.
Functions and Applications: Treats inverted smallpox/rash lesions (The *Dou Zhen Lun* [Treatise on Rash and Smallpox] records: for lesions that fail to erupt properly and appear black and depressed, take one qian mixed with pig's blood; for those depressed due to the astringent effect of cold-natured medicines, take musk mixed with wine. Li Shizhen stated: The purpose is to guide the medicinal action into the Kidney Meridian to expel toxic qi; it is a drastic remedy. If there is latent toxin in the Heart causing coma and unconsciousness, or if there are conditions of Qi deficiency with pale complexion, itching and depression without pus, or heat-related miliaria and purple blisters, only tonifying deficiency and detoxification should be used. Misuse of this substance will lead to oppression and hoarseness, potentially resulting in untreatable conditions). Ground powder can also be used to clear fire-toxin.
[Ren Ru (Human Milk)]
Properties and Flavor: Sweet, salty.
Functions and Applications: Tonifies deficiency and moistens dryness. It moistens the Five Viscera, supplements blood, stops thirst (Xiao Ke), nourishes the skin, and treats Wind-Fire syndromes (Wang Ang noted: For elderly people with constipation, human milk is most beneficial).
Human milk is transformed from blood; the eyes gain vision through blood nourishment, so it can be used as eye drops for redness, astringency, and excessive tearing (if heat-type, use Huanglian [Coptidis Rhizoma] infusion for dropping). However, its nature is cold and slippery, so it is not suitable for frequent consumption by those with cold viscera and weak stomachs (Li Shizhen said: Human milk has no fixed nature. If the mother is peaceful and her diet is bland, her milk will be neutral. If she is irritable, drinks alcohol, eats spicy food, or suffers from heat diseases, her milk will be hot. Additionally, milk during pregnancy is called "Taboo Milk," which is highly toxic; infants consuming it may suffer vomiting and diarrhea, developing malnutrition and stunted growth diseases, and it may also harm the fetus internally).
Wang Ang noted: Milk is transformed from Yin-Blood, originates from the Spleen and Stomach, and is regulated by the Chong and Ren vessels. Before conception, it flows downward as menstruation; after conception, it remains inside to nourish the fetus; after childbirth, it changes from red to white, flows upward as milk to feed the infant, representing the profound subtlety of creation. Consuming it benefits Qi and Blood, supplements brain marrow, embodying the concept of "using humans to nourish humans." However, it can cause loose bowels, dampen the Spleen, and clog the diaphragm; it was designed by Heaven specifically for infants, not for strong adults to consume regularly. Only when processed into powder does it offer benefits without harm, but it must be prepared fresh for immediate use, as it develops an oily rancid smell over time. It is best to use milk from a single woman; mixed milk results in mixed qi. Mixing equal parts of human milk powder and Ginseng Radix powder, formed into pills with honey, creates Shen Ru Wan (Ginseng Milk Pill), which greatly tonifies Qi and Blood.
Select milk from young, healthy women; white and thick milk is ideal, comparable to what an infant consumes. Yellow, reddish, thin, or foul-smelling milk is unsuitable. It can be dried in the sun and preserved with Poria Cocos powder, or boiled in water to extract the powder, which is even better. The method for extracting powder is as follows: Boil water in a small pot until rolling. Use a silver ladle about the size of a bowl (a tin ladle is also acceptable). Pour a small amount of milk into the ladle, let it float and cook on the boiling water surface, then place it on cold water to solidify and dry. Scrape off the powder for use. Repeat the boiling and scraping process, similar to making rice noodle sheets.