通
性速而趋，下通二便，风痹药宜之（昔有病小便闭者，众不能瘥。张子和易以急流之
水，煎
前药一饮而溲。时珍曰∶天下之水，灭火濡枯则同。至于性从地变，质与物迁者，未尝同也）。
补
用流水以瓢扬万遍，亦曰劳水。水性咸而重，劳之则甘而轻。仲景用煎伤寒劳伤等药，
取其不助肾气而益脾胃也。
补
将旦首汲，曰井华水；出瓮未放，曰无根水，无时初出，曰新汲水。解热闷烦渴（凡热
病不可解者，新汲水浸青色衣服互熨之炒。心闷汗出，新汲水蜜和饮炒），煎补阴之药宜之
（井以有地脉山泉者为上；从江湖渗来者次之；其城市近沟渠污秽者，咸而有碱。煮粥煎茶，
味各有异，以之入药，其可无择乎？）。
宣，助阳气
助阳气，行经络（汪颖曰∶汤须百沸者佳。寇宗 曰∶患风冷气痹，人以汤淋脚至膝，
浓复取汗，然别有药，特假阳气而行耳。四时暴泻痢，四肢、脐、腹冷，坐深汤中，浸至腹
上，生阳之药，无速于此。张从正曰∶凡伤风寒、酒食，初起无病，便饮太和汤。或酸荠水
揉肚探吐，汗出即已。昂按∶感冒风寒，而以热汤澡浴，亦发散之一法。故《内经》亦有可
汤熨、可浴及摩之、浴之之文。《备急方》治心腹卒胀痛，欲死，煮热汤以渍手足，冷即易
之）。
通
水性急速而向下流，能通利大小便，治疗风痹证的药物适宜使用它（过去有患小便闭塞的病人，众医无法治愈。张子和改用急流水煎煮前面的药方，病人喝下一剂后小便即通。李时珍说：天下的水，灭火和润枯的作用是一样的。至于水的性质随地理环境变化、质地随物体迁移的情况，则不曾相同）。
宣
水性势逆而上行，治疗中风、突然昏厥时用于宣化痰饮的药物适宜使用它。
补
用流水在瓢中扬上万遍，也称为劳水。水的性质咸而重，经过搅动后变得甘而轻。张仲景用它来煎煮治疗伤寒、劳伤等疾病的药物，是取其不助长肾气而能益养脾胃的缘故。
补
天将亮时第一次汲取的水，称为井华水；从瓮中取出尚未倾倒的，称为无根水；任何时间刚汲取的，称为新汲水。能解除热病引起的烦闷口渴（凡是热病无法缓解的，用新汲水浸泡青色衣服交替熨烫。心中烦闷出汗，用新汲水加蜂蜜调和饮用），煎煮滋阴药物的适宜使用它（以含有地脉山泉的井为上品；从江湖渗透而来的次之；城市附近沟渠中污秽的水，味道咸且有碱性。煮粥泡茶，味道各有不同，用来入药，难道可以不加选择吗？）。
宣，助阳气
辅助阳气，通行经络（汪颖说：百沸汤必须煮沸多次才好。寇宗奭说：患有风寒冷气痹症的人，用百沸汤淋脚至膝盖，覆盖严实以取汗，但这另有药物辅助，只是借助阳气来运行罢了。四季突发腹泻痢疾，四肢、肚脐、腹部发冷，坐在深汤中，浸泡至腹部以上，生阳气的药物，没有比这更快的了。张从正说：凡是感受风寒、饮食积滞，初起时无明显病症，就饮用太和汤。或者用酸荠水揉肚子催吐，出汗后即痊愈。汪昂按语：感冒风寒，用热汤洗澡，也是发散的一种方法。所以《内经》中也有可用汤熨、可浴以及按摩、沐浴的记载。《备急方》治疗心腹突然胀痛，痛苦欲死，煮热汤浸泡手足，变冷后立即更换）。
Tong (Unblocking Water)
The nature of the water is swift and tends downward, unblocking both urination and defecation; it is suitable for medicines treating wind-bi syndrome (In the past, there was a patient with urinary retention who could not be cured by various physicians. Zhang Zihe changed to using rapid-flowing water to decoct the previous prescription; after drinking one dose, urination resumed. Li Shizhen said: The waters of the world are the same in extinguishing fire and moistening dryness. However, regarding changes in nature due to geography and shifts in quality due to objects, they are not always the same).
Xuan (Dispersing Water)
The nature of the water is contrary and moves upward; it is suitable for medicines that disperse phlegm-fluids in cases of stroke or sudden syncope.
Bu (Tonifying Water - Lao Water)
Using flowing water and tossing it ten thousand times with a ladle is also called Lao Water (Agitated Water). The nature of water is salty and heavy; when agitated, it becomes sweet and light. Zhang Zhongjing used it to decoct medicines for typhoid fever and fatigue injuries, taking advantage of its property of not assisting Kidney Qi but rather benefiting the Spleen and Stomach.
Bu (Tonifying Water - Fresh Well Water)
Water drawn first at dawn is called Jinghua Water (Well Flower Water); water taken from a jar before being poured out is called Wugen Water (Rootless Water); water drawn freshly at any time is called Xinji Water (Freshly Drawn Water). It resolves heat, oppression, irritability, and thirst (For febrile diseases that cannot be resolved, soak green clothes in Xinji Water and apply them alternately as compresses. For chest oppression with sweating, drink a mixture of Xinji Water and honey). It is suitable for decocting Yin-nourishing medicines (Wells containing earth veins and mountain springs are superior; those seeping from rivers and lakes are secondary; those near ditches in cities are often turbid, salty, and alkaline. Cooking porridge and brewing tea yield different flavors; if used in medicine, can one afford to be indiscriminate?).
Xuan, Assisting Yang Qi
Assists Yang Qi and promotes circulation through the collaterals (Wang Ying said: Baofei Tang (Boiling Water) is best when boiled thoroughly. Kou Zongshi said: For patients with wind-cold qi bi syndrome, pouring boiling water over the feet up to the knees, covering tightly to induce sweat, relies on other medicines specifically to utilize Yang Qi for movement. In cases of acute diarrhea and dysentery occurring suddenly in all seasons, with cold limbs, umbilicus, and abdomen, sitting in deep hot water immersed up to the upper abdomen, no herb generates Yang Qi faster than this. Zhang Congzheng said: For initial stages of wind-cold invasion or food/wine stagnation where no obvious symptoms exist yet, drink Taihe Tang. Or rub the abdomen with sour jujube water to induce vomiting; sweating leads to recovery. Wang Ang notes: Bathing with hot water for wind-cold invasion is also a method of dispersal. Thus, the *Neijing* mentions treatments involving hot compresses, bathing, massage, and washing. The *Beiji Fang* treats sudden severe pain in the heart and abdomen causing death-like suffering by soaking hands and feet in hot water, changing it immediately when it cools).