叶、根 草兰
建兰有长叶、短叶、阔叶诸种，其花备五色，黑色者名墨兰，不易得，干之可治瞽目，
能生
瞳神，治青盲，最效；红花者名红兰，气臭浊，不入药；黄花者名蜜兰，可以止泻；青色者
惟堪点茶，或蜜浸，取其甘芳，通气分；素心者名素心兰，入药最佳。盖建兰一茎数花，实
蕙而非兰也。纲目以薰草为蕙（即今零陵香），于兰草下正误条，申言兰草可佩，乃孩儿菊，
古名都梁香是也，且斥寇氏、丹溪二家所解兰草，混入世俗之兰花为非，而以兰花为幽兰，
与兰草迥异，然何以不立幽兰一条，不能无缺略之憾，因急补之。
素心建兰花，干之可催生，除宿气，解郁。蜜渍青兰花点茶饮，调和气血，宽中醒酒。
（闽小记∶建宁人家以蜜渍兰
花，冬月点茶，芳香如初摘。）
叶 丹溪云∶建兰叶禀金水之气，而似有火，不知其能散久积陈郁之气甚有力，今时医
用以
通舒经络、宣泄风邪亦佳。 本草汇云∶兰叶禀金水清芬之气，似有火，独走气道，入西方
以清辛金，不独开胃、清肺消痰，善能散积久陈郁之结气。今人但赏花香，不知用叶，亦缺
典耳。况药味载内经甚少，
兰独擅名，所谓“治之以兰”除陈气也，故东垣方中每常用之，与
藿香、枇杷叶、石斛、竹茹、橘红开胃气之神品，入沉香、郁金、白蔻、苏子、芦根汁下气
开郁，治噎膈之将成者。产闽中者力胜，江浙诸种力薄。辛平甘寒，阴中之阳，入手太阴、
足阳明经，亦入足太阴、厥阴经。生津止渴，开胃解郁，润肌肉，调月经，养营气。本经主
利水道，因其走气道，故能利水消渴，除胸中痰癖杀蛊毒不祥之气者，盖肺主气，肺气郁结
，则上窍闭而下窍不通；胃主纳水谷，胃气凝滞，则水谷不以时化，而为痰癖蛊毒不祥之气
。辛平能散结滞，芬芳能除秽恶，则上症自除（本草汇）。
按∶纲目兰草条不指幽兰，而本草汇草部有兰草，所言皆指建兰，即濒湖所云幽兰是也，
今从其说补之。
根 名土续断，治跌打和血。（物理小识∶幽兰、建兰根甘，宜入药，其花可茹，叶以
浸油黑发。又云∶都梁兰根名
土续断，当是此也。 五杂俎∶兰根食之能杀人，忌内服。）
治痰嗽后吐血。 刘羽仪经验方云∶先痰嗽后吐血而气急者，用天冬、麦冬、生地、白
芍、
紫菀、山栀、桑皮、地骨皮等药，如气急去天冬加真苏子，取兰花根捣汁冲服，尤妙。江夏
程云鹏着慈幼筏痘门载清地散花饮，凡痘见标三日，此方主之。有夹疹者，加兰花根，额上
灰滞色，加菊花、兰花、梅花、或兰花根亦可。又玉液春膏饮中，治背浆不足，加酒炒土兰
花。
叶、根：草兰
建兰有长叶、短叶、阔叶等多种品种，其花朵具备五种颜色。黑色的花名为墨兰（Black Orchid），较为难得，干燥后可用于治疗失明（瞽目），能够促进瞳孔神光的恢复，治疗青盲（一种视力障碍疾病），效果极佳；红色的花名为红兰，气味浑浊臭秽，不入药；黄色的花名为蜜兰，可以止泻；青色的花仅适合用来点茶，或用蜂蜜浸泡，取其甘甜芬芳，能疏通气分；素心者名为素心兰，入药效果最佳。大概建兰一茎开数朵花，实际上属于蕙兰而非真正的兰花。《本草纲目》将薰草认定为蕙（即现在的零陵香），在“兰草”条目下的正误篇中，重申兰草是可以佩戴的，实际上是孩儿菊，古名都梁香。并且批评寇宗奭、朱丹溪两家对兰草的解释，混入了世俗所谓的兰花为非，而将兰花定义为幽兰，与兰草截然不同。然而，为什么不单独设立“幽兰”一条呢？这不能不说是缺略之憾，因此急忙予以补充。
素心建兰干燥后，可用于催生，消除宿积之气，解郁结。用蜂蜜浸渍的青色兰花用于点茶饮用，可调和气血，宽中醒酒。（《闽小记》记载：建宁人家以蜂蜜浸渍兰花，冬季点茶，芳香如初摘。）
叶：朱丹溪说：建兰叶禀受金、水之气，但似乎带有火性，不知道它消散久积陈郁之气非常有力，如今医生用它来通舒经络、宣泄风邪也很佳。《本草汇》说：兰叶禀受金、水清芬之气，似有火性，独走气道，入西方以清肃辛金，不仅能开胃、清肺消痰，善于消散积久陈郁的结气。今人只欣赏花香，不知使用兰叶，也是缺失典章之处。况且药物味道记载于《内经》中的很少，唯独兰享有盛名，所谓“治之以兰”以除陈气。所以李东垣的方剂中经常使用它，作为与藿香、枇杷叶、石斛、竹茹、橘红一起开胃气的极品神品；加入沉香、郁金、白蔻、苏子、芦根汁中以降气开郁，治疗即将形成的噎膈病。产于福建的力量最强，江浙各品种力量薄弱。味辛平甘寒，属阴中之阳，入手太阴肺经、足阳明胃经，也入足太阴脾经、足厥阴肝经。生津止渴，开胃解郁，滋润肌肉，调月经，养营气。《本经》主治利水道，因为它走气道，所以能利水消渴，消除胸中痰癖及蛊毒不祥之气。大概因为肺主气，肺气郁结，则上窍闭塞而下窍不通；胃主受纳水谷，胃气凝滞，则水谷不能按时消化，从而形成痰癖、蛊毒和不祥之气。辛平能散结滞，芬芳能除秽恶，则上述症状自然消除（《本草汇》）。
按语：《本草纲目》兰草条不指幽兰，而《本草汇》草部有兰草，所言皆指建兰，即李时珍（濒湖）所说的幽兰，现在遵从他的说法予以补充。
根：名为土续断，治疗跌打损伤和血。（《物理小识》记载：幽兰、建兰根部味甘，适宜入药，其花可食用，叶可浸油黑发。又说：都梁兰根名为土续断，应当就是这种。《五杂俎》记载：兰根食用能杀人，忌内服。）
治疗痰嗽后吐血。刘羽仪经验方说：先痰嗽后吐血且气急的人，用天冬、麦冬、生地、白芍、紫菀、山栀、桑皮、地骨皮等药，如果气急去掉天冬加真苏子，取兰花根捣汁冲服，尤其奇妙。江夏程云鹏所著《慈幼筏·痘门》中记载清地散花饮，凡是痘疹显现标志三天，此方主治。有夹疹者，加兰花根；额上呈灰滞色，加菊花、兰花、梅花，或兰花根亦可。又在玉液春膏饮中，治疗背浆不足，加酒炒土兰花。
Leaves and Roots: Cao Lan (Grass Orchid)
Jianlan (Cymbidium ensifolium var. ensifolium) has various varieties with long leaves, short leaves, and broad leaves. Its flowers exhibit five colors. The black-flowered variety is named Molan (Black Orchid), which is rare; when dried, it can treat blindness (Gu Mu), promote the recovery of pupil spirit (Tong Shen), and cure Qing Mang (a type of visual impairment), showing excellent efficacy. The red-flowered variety is named Hong Lan, but its odor is turbid and foul, so it is not used in medicine. The yellow-flowered variety is named Milan (Honey Orchid), which can stop diarrhea. The green-flowered variety is only suitable for tea infusion or honey preservation to extract its sweet fragrance, which can ventilate the Qi level. The variety with a pure heart is named Suxin Lan (Pure-Heart Orchid), which is best for medicinal use. Generally, Jianlan bears several flowers on one stem; it is actually Hui Lan (Cymbidium faberi) rather than true Lan. *Bencao Gangmu* identifies Xun Cao as Hui (i.e., Lingling Xiang/Zeroing Fragrance today). In the correction section under "Lan Cao," it reiterates that Lan Cao can be worn; it is actually Hai'er Ju (Child Chrysanthemum), known in ancient times as Duliang Xiang. It also criticizes Kou Zongshi and Zhu Danxi for confusing the explanation of Lan Cao with secular orchids, defining Lan Hua as You Lan (Elegant Orchid), which is distinct from Lan Cao. However, why did they not establish a separate entry for You Lan? This omission causes regret, prompting this urgent supplementation.
Dried Suxin Jianlan can induce labor, eliminate retained Qi, and resolve depression. Honey-preserved green Lan Hua used for tea harmonizes Qi and Blood, soothes the middle Jiao, and awakens from intoxication. (*Min Xiao Ji*: Families in Jianning preserve orchids in honey and use them for winter tea; their fragrance remains like freshly picked.)
Leaves: Zhu Danxi stated: Jianlan leaves inherit the Qi of Metal and Water but seem to possess Fire properties. They are unaware that these leaves are very powerful in dispersing long-standing accumulated stagnation. Currently, physicians use them to unblock and soothe meridians and expel Wind pathogens effectively. *Bencao Hui* states: Lan Ye inherits the clear and fragrant Qi of Metal and Water, resembling Fire. It uniquely travels through the Qi pathway, entering the West to clear Xin Metal. It not only opens the stomach, clears the lungs, and resolves phlegm but also excels at dissipating long-standing stagnant Qi. People today only appreciate the flower's fragrance and do not know how to use the leaves, which is a lack of canonical practice. Moreover, few drug flavors are recorded in *Neijing*, yet Lan enjoys a unique reputation, as stated in "treat with Lan to remove stale Qi." Therefore, Li Dongyuan frequently uses it in his formulas. It is a divine product for opening the stomach Qi when combined with Huo Xiang, Pi Pa Ye, Shi Hu, Zhu Ru, and Ju Hong. When added with Chen Xiang, Yu Jin, Bai Kou, Su Zi, and Lu Gen juice, it descends Qi, opens depression, and treats impending Yi Ge (dysphagia). Those produced in Fujian have stronger potency, while those from Jiangsu and Zhejiang are weaker. Flavor: Pungent, neutral, sweet, cold. Nature: Yang within Yin. Meridian Tropism: Hand Taiyin Lung, Foot Yangming Stomach, also Foot Taiyin Spleen, and Foot Jueyin Liver. Functions: Generates fluids and stops thirst, opens the stomach and resolves depression, moistens muscles, regulates menstruation, and nourishes Ying Qi. *Shennong Bencao Jing* states it promotes urination. Because it travels through the Qi pathway, it can promote urination, relieve thirst, eliminate chest phlegm-pi, and kill Gu poison and inauspicious Qi. This is because the Lung governs Qi; if Lung Qi is constrained, upper apertures close and lower apertures do not open. The Stomach receives water and grain; if Stomach Qi stagnates, food and drink fail to transform timely, forming phlegm-pi, Gu poison, and inauspicious Qi. Pungency and neutrality can disperse stagnation; fragrance can remove filth, thus eliminating the aforementioned symptoms (*Bencao Hui*).
Note: *Bencao Gangmu*'s entry on Lan Cao does not refer to You Lan. However, *Bencao Hui* in the Grass section mentions Lan Cao, referring to Jianlan, which is the You Lan mentioned by Li Shizhen (Binhu). We follow this view to supplement.
Roots: Named Tu Xuduan (Earth Teasel Root), used to treat traumatic injuries and harmonize blood. (*Wuli Xiaoshi*: Roots of You Lan and Jianlan are sweet and suitable for medicine; flowers are edible; leaves can be soaked in oil to darken hair. Also: Duliang Lan root is named Tu Xuduan, likely this species. *Wu Za Zu*: Eating Lan roots can cause death; internal use is contraindicated.)
Used to treat hemoptysis after chronic cough with phlegm. Liu Yuyi's empirical formula states: For patients with prior phlegm-cough followed by hemoptysis and rapid breathing, use Tian Dong, Mai Dong, Sheng Di, Bai Shao, Zi Wan, Shan Zhi, Sang Pi, and Di Gu Pi. If rapid breathing is present, remove Tian Dong and add Zhen Su Zi. Take fresh juice extracted from Lan Hua roots and mix for oral administration, which is particularly effective. Cheng Yunpeng of Jiangxia, in his work *Ci You Fa* (Lifeboat for Nurturing Children), Chapter on Smallpox, records Qing Di San Hua Yin. This formula is indicated three days after the appearance of smallpox marks. For cases complicated with measles, add Lan Hua roots. For grayish, dull complexion on the forehead, add Ju Hua, Lan Hua, Mei Hua, or Lan Hua roots. In Yu Ye Chun Gao Yin, for insufficient pustule formation on the back, add wine-fried Tu Lan Hua.