（《本经》上品）
【校正】并入五种石脂。
【释名】时珍曰∶膏之凝者，曰脂。此物性粘，固济炉鼎甚良，盖兼体用而言也。
【集解】《别录》曰∶五色石脂，生南山之阳山谷中。又曰∶青石脂，生齐区山及海涯。
黄石脂，生嵩高山，色如莺雏。黑石脂，生 川阳城。白石脂，生泰山之阴。赤石脂，生济
南、射阳，又泰山之阴。并采无时。
普曰∶五色石脂，一名五色符。青符，生南山或海涯。黄符，生嵩山，色如 脑、雁雏。
黑符生洛西山空地。白符，生少室天娄山或泰山。赤符，生少室或泰山，色绛滑如脂。
弘景曰∶今俗惟用赤石、白石二脂。好者出吴郡，亦出武陵、建平、义阳。义阳者，出
县界东八十里，状如 脑，赤者鲜红可爱，随采复生。余三色石脂无正用，但黑石脂入画
用尔。
恭曰∶义阳即申州，所出乃桃花石，非石脂也。白石脂，今出慈州诸山，胜于余处者。
赤石脂今出虢州卢氏县，泽州陵川县，又慈州吕乡县，宜州诸山亦有，并色理鲜腻为佳。二
脂泰山不闻有之，旧出苏州、余杭山，今不收采。承曰∶今苏州见贡赤、白二石脂，但入药
不甚佳。惟延州山中所出最良，揭两石中取之。颂曰∶白石脂、赤石脂，今惟潞州出之，潞
与慈州相近也。
宗 曰∶赤、白石脂，四方皆有，以理腻粘舌缀唇者为上。
【修治】 曰∶凡使赤脂，研如粉，新汲水飞过三度，晒干用。
时珍曰∶亦有火 水飞者。
【气味】五种石脂，并甘、平。
大明曰∶并温，无毒。畏黄芩、大黄、官桂。
【主治】黄胆，泄痢肠 脓血，阴蚀下血赤白，邪气痈肿，疽痔恶疮，头疡疥瘙。久服
补髓益气，肥健不饥，轻身延年。五石脂各随五色，补五脏（《本经》）。治泄痢，血崩带下，
吐血衄血，涩精淋沥，除烦，疗惊悸，壮筋骨，补虚损。久服悦色。治疮疖痔漏，排脓（大
明）。
青石脂
【气味】酸，平，无毒。普曰∶青符∶神农∶甘。雷公∶酸，无毒。桐君∶辛，
无毒。李当之∶小寒。
【主治】养肝胆气，明目，疗黄胆泄痢肠 ，女子带下百病，及疽痔恶疮。久服补髓益
气，不饥延年（《别录》）。
黄石脂
【气味】苦，平，无毒。普曰∶黄符∶雷公∶苦；李当之∶小寒。
之才曰∶曾青为之使，恶细辛，畏蜚蠊、黄连、甘草。
曰∶服之忌卵味。
【主治】养脾气，安五脏，调中，大人小儿泄痢肠 下脓血，去白虫，除黄胆痈疽虫。
久服轻身延年（《别录》）。
黑石脂 《别录》曰∶一名石墨，一名石涅。
时珍曰∶此乃石脂之黑者，亦可为墨，其性粘舌，与石炭不同，南人谓之画眉石。许氏
《说文》云∶黛，画眉石也。
【气味】咸，平，无毒。普曰∶黑符∶桐君∶甘，无毒。
【主治】养肾气，强阴，主阴蚀疮，止肠
泄痢，疗口疮咽痛。久服益气不饥延年（《别录》）。
白石脂
【气味】甘、酸，平，无毒。
普曰∶白符，一名随。岐伯、雷公∶酸，无毒；桐君∶甘，无毒；扁鹊∶辛；李当之∶
小寒。
权曰∶甘、辛。杲曰∶温。
之才曰∶得浓朴、米汁饮，止便脓。燕屎为之使，恶松脂，畏黄芩。
颂曰∶畏黄连、甘草、飞廉、马目毒公。
【主治】养肺气，浓肠，补骨髓，疗五脏惊悸不足，心下烦，止腹痛下水，小肠 热溏，
便脓血，女子崩中漏下赤白沃，排痈疽疮痔。久服安心不饥，轻身延年（《别录》）。涩大肠
（甄权）。
【附方】旧四，新二。
小儿水痢形羸，不胜汤药。白石脂半两研粉，和白粥空肚食之。（《子母秘录》）
小儿滑泄∶白龙丸∶白石脂、白龙骨等分。为末，水丸黍米大。每量大小，木瓜、紫苏
汤下。（《全幼心鉴》）
久泄久痢∶白石脂、干姜等分。研，百沸汤和面为稀糊搜之，并手丸梧子大。每米饮
下三十丸。（《斗门方》）
儿脐汁出赤肿∶白石脂末熬温，扑之，日三度，勿揭动。（韦宙《独行方》）
儿脐血出，多啼∶方同上。（寇氏《衍义》）
粉滓面 ∶白石脂六两，白蔹十二两。为末。鸡子白和，夜涂旦洗。（《圣济录》）
赤石脂
【气味】甘、酸、辛，大温，无毒。普曰∶赤符∶神农、雷公∶甘；黄帝、扁
鹊∶无毒；李当之∶小寒。
之才曰∶畏芫花，恶大黄、松脂。
颂曰∶古人亦单服食，云发则心痛，饮热酒不解。用绵裹葱、豉，煮水饮之。
【主治】养心气，明目益精，疗腹痛肠 ，下痢赤白，小便利，及痈疽疮痔，女子崩中
漏下，产难胞衣不出。久服补髓好颜色，益智不饥，轻身延年（《别录》）。补五脏虚乏（甄
权）。补心血，生肌肉，浓肠胃，除水湿，收脱肛（时珍）。
【发明】弘景曰∶五色石脂，《本经》疗体亦相似，《别录》分条具载，今俗惟用赤、白
二脂断下痢耳。
元素曰∶赤、白石脂俱甘、酸，阳中之阴，固脱。
杲曰∶降也。阳中阴也。其用有二∶固肠胃有收敛之能，下胎衣无推荡之峻。
好古曰∶涩可去脱，石脂为收敛之剂，赤入丙，白入庚。
时珍曰∶五石脂皆手足阳明药也。其味甘，其气温，其体重，其性涩。涩而重，故能收
湿止血而固下；甘而温，故能益气生肌而调中。中者，肠胃肌肉惊悸黄胆是也；下者，肠
泄痢、崩带失精是也。五种主疗，大抵相同。故《本经》不分条目，但云各随五色补五脏。
《别录》虽分五种，而性味、主治亦不甚相远，但以五味配五色为异，亦是强分尔。赤白二
种，一入气分，一入血分，故时用尚之。张仲景用桃花汤治下痢便脓血。取赤石脂之重涩，
入下焦血分而固脱；干姜之辛温，暖下焦气分而补虚；粳米之甘温，佐石脂、干姜而润肠胃
也。
【附方】旧五，新七。
小儿疳泻∶赤石脂末，米饮调服半钱，立瘥。加京芎等分，更妙。（《斗门方》）
大肠寒滑，小便精出∶赤石脂、干姜各一两，胡椒半两。为末，醋糊丸梧子大。每空心
米饮下五、七十丸。有人病此，热药服至一斗二升，不效；或教服此，终四剂而愈。（寇氏
《衍义》）
赤白下痢∶赤石脂末，饮服一钱。（《普济方》）
冷痢腹痛，下白冻如鱼脑。桃花丸∶赤石脂（ ）、干姜（炮）等分。为末，蒸饼和丸。
量大小服，日三服。（《和剂局方》）
老人气痢虚冷∶赤石脂五两（水飞），白面六两。水煮熟，入葱酱作 ，空心食三、四
次，即愈。（《养老方》）
伤寒下痢，便脓血不止，桃花汤主之。赤石脂一斤（一半全用，一半末用），干姜一两，
粳米半升。水七升，煮米熟去滓。每服七合，纳末方寸匕，日三服，愈乃止。（仲景方）
痢后脱肛∶赤石脂、伏龙肝为末，敷之。一加白矾。（钱氏小儿方）
反胃吐食∶绝好赤石脂为末，蜜丸梧子大。每空腹姜汤下一、二十丸。先以巴豆仁一枚，
勿令破，以津吞之。后乃服药。（《圣惠方》）
痰饮吐水无时节者，其原因冷冻饮料过度，遂令脾胃气弱，不能消化饮食。饮食入胃，皆变
成冷水，反吐不停，赤石脂散主之。赤石脂一斤，捣筛，服方寸匕，酒饮自任，稍加至三匕。
服尽一斤，则终身不吐痰水，又不下痢，补五脏，令人肥健。有人痰饮，服诸药不效，用此
遂愈。（《千金翼方》）
心痛彻背∶赤石脂、干姜、蜀椒各四分，附子（炮）二分，乌头（炮）一分。为末，蜜
丸梧子大。先食服一丸。不知，稍增之。（张仲景《金匮方》）
经水过多∶赤石脂、破故纸一两。为末。每服二钱，米饮下。（《普济方》）
小便不禁∶赤石脂（ ）、牡蛎（ ）各三两，盐一两。为末，糊丸梧子大。每盐汤下
十五丸。（《普济方》）
（《神农本草经》列为上品）
【校正】将五种石脂合并为一类。
【释名】李时珍说：膏状物凝固而成的称为“脂”。这种药物性质粘稠，非常适合密封炉鼎，这是从体性和功用两方面来说的。
【集解】《名医别录》说：五色石脂，生长在南山南面的山谷中。又说：青石脂，生长在齐地山区及海边。黄石脂，生长在嵩高山，颜色像黄莺的雏鸟。黑石脂，生长在蜀川阳城。白石脂，生长在泰山北面。赤石脂，生长在南郡、射阳，以及泰山北面。随时可以采集。
陶弘景引述雷敩的话说：五色石脂，又名五色符。青符，生长在南山或海边。黄符，生长在嵩山，颜色像脑髓、雁的雏鸟。黑符生长在洛西山空地。白符，生长于少室山天娄山或泰山。赤符，生长于少室山或泰山，颜色深红光滑如脂。
陶弘景说：现在民间只用赤石脂和白石脂两种。品质好的出产于吴郡，也出产于武陵、建平、义阳。义阳产的，在县界东面八十里处，形状像脑髓，红色的鲜艳可爱，采挖后又能再生。其余三种颜色的石脂没有固定的药用价值，只有黑石脂用来作画。
苏恭说：义阳就是申州，那里出产的是桃花石，不是石脂。白石脂，现在出产于慈州各山，比其他地方出产的好。赤石脂现在出产于虢州卢氏县、泽州陵川县，还有慈州吕乡县，宜州各山也有，都以色泽纹理鲜明细腻为佳。这两种石脂在泰山没听说过有出产，过去出产于苏州、余杭山，现在不再采集了。陈承说：现在苏州进贡赤、白两种石脂，但入药效果不太好。只有延州山中出产的最为优良，需剖开石头从中获取。苏颂说：白石脂、赤石脂，现在只有潞州出产，潞州与慈州相近。
寇宗奭说：赤、白石脂，各地都有，以纹理细腻、粘舌沾唇的为上品。
【修治】雷敩说：凡是使用赤石脂，要研成粉末，用新汲取的水飞滤三次，晒干后使用。
李时珍说：也有用火煅烧后水飞的方法。
【气味】五种石脂，味道都是甘、平。
孟诜说：都性温，无毒。畏忌黄芩、大黄、官桂。
【主治】黄疸，泄痢肠道脓血，阴部腐蚀下血赤白，邪气引起的痈肿，疽痔恶疮，头部疮疡疥癣瘙痒。长期服用可补益骨髓、益气，使身体丰满健壮、不感饥饿，轻身延年。五种石脂各自随其五色，分别补益五脏（《神农本草经》）。治疗泄痢，血崩带下，吐血鼻衄，固涩精气淋沥，消除烦闷，治疗惊悸，强壮筋骨，补益虚损。长期服用可使面色悦泽。治疗疮疖痔漏，排脓（孟诜）。
青石脂
【气味】酸，平，无毒。雷敩说：青符；神农说：甘。雷公说：酸，无毒。桐君说：辛，无毒。李当之说：小寒。
【主治】滋养肝胆之气，明目，治疗黄疸泄痢肠道病变，女子各种带下病，以及疽痔恶疮。长期服用可补益骨髓、益气，使人不感饥饿、延年益寿（《名医别录》）。
黄石脂
【气味】苦，平，无毒。雷敩说：黄符；雷公说：苦；李当之说：小寒。
徐之才说：曾青为其引经药，厌恶细辛，畏忌蜚蠊、黄连、甘草。
雷敩说：服用此药忌食蛋类食物。
【主治】滋养脾气，安和五脏，调和脾胃，治疗大人小儿泄痢肠道下脓血，去除白色寄生虫，消除黄疸痈疽虫毒。长期服用可轻身延年（《名医别录》）。
黑石脂 《名医别录》说：一名石墨，一名石涅。
李时珍说：这是黑色的石脂，也可以用来制墨，其性质粘舌，与石炭不同，南方人称之为画眉石。许慎《说文解字》说：黛，就是画眉石。
【气味】咸，平，无毒。雷敩说：黑符；桐君说：甘，无毒。
【主治】滋养肾气，强健阴精，主治阴部腐蚀疮疡，止住肠道泄痢，治疗口疮咽痛。长期服用可益气、不感饥饿、延年益寿（《名医别录》）。
白石脂
【气味】甘、酸，平，无毒。
雷敩说：白符，一名随。岐伯、雷公说：酸，无毒；桐君说：甘，无毒；扁鹊说：辛；李当之说：小寒。
甄权说：甘、辛。张杲说：温。
徐之才说：配合厚朴、米汁饮用，可止住便脓。燕屎为其引经药，厌恶松脂，畏忌黄芩。
苏颂说：畏忌黄连、甘草、飞廉、马目毒公。
【主治】滋养肺气，增厚肠道，补益骨髓，治疗五脏惊悸不足，心下烦闷，止住腹痛腹泻，小肠热导致的溏泄，便脓血，女子崩中漏下赤白带下，排解痈疽疮痔。长期服用可安心、不感饥饿，轻身延年（《名医别录》）。固涩大肠（甄权）。
【附方】旧方四首，新方二首。
小儿水泻形体消瘦，不能耐受汤药：白石脂半两研粉，与白粥混合空腹食用。（《子母秘录》）
小儿滑泄：白龙丸：白石脂、白龙骨等分。研末，用水泛丸如黍米大。根据年龄大小，用木瓜、紫苏汤送服。（《全幼心鉴》）
久泻久痢：白石脂、干姜等分。研末，用滚开水调和面粉制成稀糊揉搓，做成梧桐子大小的丸药。每次米饮送下三十丸。（《斗门方》）
婴儿脐部渗液红肿：白石脂末加热温敷，每日三次，不要揭动。（韦宙《独行方》）
婴儿脐部出血，多啼哭：方剂同上。（寇宗奭《衍义》）
面部粉刺痤疮：白石脂六两，白蔹十二两。研末。用鸡蛋清调和，夜间涂抹早晨洗去。（《圣济录》）
赤石脂
【气味】甘、酸、辛，大温，无毒。雷敩说：赤符；神农、雷公说：甘；黄帝、扁鹊说：无毒；李当之说：小寒。
徐之才说：畏忌芫花，厌恶大黄、松脂。
苏颂说：古人也曾单味服用，据说服用后头发脱落则心痛，喝热酒也不能缓解。用棉包裹葱、豉，煮水饮用即可。
【主治】滋养心气，明目益精，治疗腹痛肠鸣，下痢赤白，小便通利，以及痈疽疮痔，女子崩中漏下，难产胞衣不出。长期服用可补益骨髓、美容色，益智不饥，轻身延年（《名医别录》）。补益五脏虚乏（甄权）。补心血，生肌肉，增厚肠胃，去除水湿，收摄脱肛（李时珍）。
【发明】陶弘景说：五色石脂，《神农本草经》记载的治疗作用也相似，《名医别录》分条详细记载，现在民间只用赤、白两种石脂来止住下痢。
张元素说：赤、白石脂都味甘、酸，属于阳中之阴，具有固脱的作用。
张杲说：具有沉降作用。属于阳中之阴。其功效有二：固护肠胃有收敛的能力，排出胎衣没有推荡的峻烈。
李好古说：涩能去除脱证，石脂是收敛的药物，赤色入丙火（心），白色入庚金（肺）。
李时珍说：五石脂都是手足阳明经的药物。它们味甘，气温，体重，性涩。涩而重，所以能收湿止血并固摄下部；甘而温，所以能益气生肌并调和脾胃。所谓“中”，是指肠胃肌肉、惊悸、黄疸等；所谓“下”，是指肠泄痢、崩漏带下、失精等。五种石脂的主治功能大体相同。所以《神农本草经》不分条目，只说各自随五色补益五脏。《名医别录》虽然分为五种，但性味、主治也不甚相差很远，只是以五味配五色作为区别，这也是强行区分罢了。赤、白两种，一种入气分，一种入血分，所以临床常用。张仲景用桃花汤治疗下痢便脓血。取赤石脂的重涩之性，进入下焦血分以固脱；干姜的辛温之性，温暖下焦气分以补虚；粳米的甘温之性，辅助石脂、干姜以滋润肠胃。
【附方】旧方五首，新方七首。
小儿疳积腹泻：赤石脂末，米饮调服半钱，立即痊愈。加入京芎等分，效果更好。（《斗门方》）
大肠寒滑，小便遗精：赤石脂、干姜各一两，胡椒半两。研末，醋糊丸如梧桐子大。每次空腹米饮送下五、七十丸。有人患此病，服用热药至一斗二升无效；有人教服此药，服完四剂而愈。（寇宗奭《衍义》）
赤白下痢：赤石脂末，饮水送服一钱。（《普济方》）
冷痢腹痛，下白冻如鱼脑。桃花丸：赤石脂（煅）、干姜（炮）等分。研末，蒸饼和丸。根据年龄大小服用，每日三次。（《和剂局方》）
老人气痢虚冷：赤石脂五两（水飞），白面六两。水煮熟，加入葱酱做成羹，空腹吃三、四次，即愈。（《养老方》）
伤寒下痢，便脓血不止，主用桃花汤。赤石脂一斤（一半整块用，一半研末用），干姜一两，粳米半升。水七升，煮米熟后去渣。每次服七合，纳入末药一方寸匕，每日三次，痊愈后停止。（张仲景方）
痢疾后脱肛：赤石脂、伏龙肝研末，外敷。加一点白矾也可。（钱乙小儿方）
反胃吐食：极好的赤石脂研末，蜜丸如梧桐子大。每次空腹姜汤送下一、二十丸。先吞一枚巴豆仁，不要弄破，用唾液吞咽。然后再服药。（《圣惠方》）
痰饮呕吐清水无固定时间者，原因是冷冻饮料过度，导致脾胃气弱，不能消化饮食。饮食入胃，都变成冷水，反复呕吐不停，主用赤石脂散。赤石脂一斤，捣筛，每次服一方寸匕，饮酒不限，逐渐加至三匕。服完一斤，则终身不再吐痰水，也不再下痢，补益五脏，使人肥健。有人患痰饮，服用其他药无效，用此药遂愈。（《千金翼方》）
心痛放射至背部：赤石脂、干姜、蜀椒各四分，附子（炮）二分，乌头（炮）一分。研末，蜜丸如梧桐子大。饭前服一丸。无效，逐渐增加剂量。（张仲景《金匮方》）
月经量过多：赤石脂、破故纸一两。研末。每次服二钱，米饮送下。（《普济方》）
小便不禁：赤石脂（煅）、牡蛎（煅）各三两，盐一两。研末，糊丸如梧桐子大。每次盐汤送下十五丸。（《普济方》）
(Shangpin, High Grade) in *Shennong Bencao Jing* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica).
[Correction] The five types of Shi Zhi (Earth Lipid/Clay) are combined into one category.
[Names] Li Shizhen said: "Zhi" (Lipid/Fat) refers to the solidified form of Gao (Paste). This substance is sticky and excellent for sealing furnaces and tripods; this description covers both its physical nature and functional use.
[Collection and Explanation] *Bielu* (Additional Records) states: Wuse Shi Zhi (Five-Colored Earth Lipid) grows in the valleys on the sunny slopes of Nan Mountain. It also states: Qing Shi Zhi (Green Earth Lipid) grows in the mountains of Qi region and by the sea. Huang Shi Zhi (Yellow Earth Lipid) grows on Songgao Mountain, with a color like a yellow chick. Hei Shi Zhi (Black Earth Lipid) grows in Yangcheng, Shu Chuan. Bai Shi Zhi (White Earth Lipid) grows on the shady slopes of Mount Tai. Chi Shi Zhi (Red Earth Lipid) grows in Jinan, Sheyang, and also on the shady slopes of Mount Tai. It can be harvested at any time.
Pu (Lei Xiao) said: Wuse Shi Zhi is also known as Wuse Fu (Five-Colored Talisman). Qing Fu grows in Nan Mountain or by the sea. Huang Fu grows in Songshan, colored like brain matter or a goose chick. Hei Fu grows in the empty lands of Luoxi Mountain. Bai Fu grows in Tianshou Mountain of Shaoshi or Mount Tai. Chi Fu grows in Shaoshi or Mount Tai, with a deep red, smooth, lipid-like appearance.
Tao Hongjing said: Currently, only Chi Shi Zhi (Red Earth Lipid) and Bai Shi Zhi (White Earth Lipid) are commonly used. The best quality comes from Wu Commandery, but it is also found in Wuling, Jianping, and Yiyang. Those from Yiyang are found 80 li east of the county border, shaped like brain matter; the red ones are bright red and lovely, and regenerate after harvesting. The other three colors have no fixed medicinal use, except that Hei Shi Zhi is used for painting.
Su Gong said: Yiyang is now Shenzhou; what is produced there is Taohua Shi (Peach Blossom Stone), not Shi Zhi. Bai Shi Zhi is now produced in the mountains of Cizhou, which is superior to others. Chi Shi Zhi is now produced in Lushi County, Guozhou, Lingchuan County, Zezhou, Lvxiang County, Cizhou, and various mountains in Yizhou; those with fresh, fine texture and luster are best. These two lipids are not heard of from Mount Tai; they were formerly produced in Suzhou and Yuhang mountains but are no longer collected. Cheng Cheng said: Currently, Suzhou offers tribute of Chi and Bai Shi Zhi, but they are not very good for medicine. The best comes from the mountains of Yanzhou, extracted by splitting the stones. Song Su said: Bai Shi Zhi and Chi Shi Zhi are now only produced in Luzhou, which is close to Cizhou.
Zong Bao said: Chi and Bai Shi Zhi are available everywhere; those with fine texture that stick to the tongue and lips are superior.
[Processing] Lei Xiao said: When using Chi Shi Zhi, grind it into powder, pass it through fresh water three times (water flotation process), dry it, and use it.
Li Shizhen said: There is also a method of calcining with fire followed by water flotation.
[Flavor and Toxicity] All five types of Shi Zhi are Sweet and Neutral.
Meng Shen said: They are all Warm and non-toxic. They are incompatible with Huang Qin (Scutellaria Root), Da Huang (Rhubarb Rhizome), and Guan Gui (Cinnamon Bark).
[Indications] Jaundice, diarrhea and dysentery with pus and blood in the intestines, erosion of the genitals with red and white discharge, abscesses and swellings caused by pathogenic factors, carbuncles, hemorrhoids, and malignant sores, head sores, and scabies. Long-term consumption nourishes the marrow, benefits Qi, makes the body plump and strong without hunger, lightens the body, and prolongs life. The five Shi Zhi each correspond to their respective colors to tonify the Five Viscera (*Benjing*). Treat diarrhea and dysentery, metrorrhagia and leukorrhea, hematemesis and epistaxis, astringe essence and stop dribbling, relieve irritability, treat palpitations, strengthen sinews and bones, and tonify deficiencies. Long-term use beautifies the complexion. Treats boils, fistulas, and hemorrhoids, and expels pus (Meng Shen).
Qing Shi Zhi (Green Earth Lipid)
[Flavor and Toxicity] Sour, Neutral, Non-toxic. Pu said: Qing Fu; Shennong said: Sweet. Lei Gong said: Sour, Non-toxic. Tong Jun said: Pungent, Non-toxic. Li Dangzhi said: Slightly Cold.
[Indications] Nourishes Liver and Gallbladder Qi, improves vision, treats jaundice, diarrhea, intestinal lesions, various leukorrheal diseases in women, and carbuncles, hemorrhoids, and malignant sores. Long-term consumption nourishes the marrow, benefits Qi, prevents hunger, and prolongs life (*Bielu*).
Huang Shi Zhi (Yellow Earth Lipid)
[Flavor and Toxicity] Bitter, Neutral, Non-toxic. Pu said: Huang Fu; Lei Gong said: Bitter; Li Dangzhi said: Slightly Cold.
Xu Zhicai said: Zeng Qing (Chalcocite) acts as its guide drug; it is antagonistic to Xi Xin (Asarum); it fears Feilian (Cockroach), Huang Lian (Coptis Rhizome), and Gan Cao (Licorice Root).
Lei Xiao said: Avoid consuming eggs when taking this herb.
[Indications] Nourishes Spleen Qi, calms the Five Viscera, harmonizes the Middle Jiao, treats diarrhea and dysentery with pus and blood in adults and children, removes roundworms, and eliminates jaundice, carbuncles, and insect toxins. Long-term consumption lightens the body and prolongs life (*Bielu*).
Hei Shi Zhi (Black Earth Lipid) *Bielu* states: Also known as Shi Mo (Stone Ink) and Shi Nie (Stone Black).
Li Shizhen said: This is the black variety of Shi Zhi, which can also be used for ink. Its nature is sticky to the tongue, different from Shi Tan (Coal); people in the South call it Huamei Shi (Eyebrow Painting Stone). Xu Shen's *Shuowen Jiezi* states: Dai is the stone for painting eyebrows.
[Flavor and Toxicity] Salty, Neutral, Non-toxic. Pu said: Hei Fu; Tong Jun said: Sweet, Non-toxic.
[Indications] Nourishes Kidney Qi, strengthens Yin, treats genital erosions and sores, stops intestinal diarrhea, and treats mouth ulcers and sore throat. Long-term consumption benefits Qi, prevents hunger, and prolongs life (*Bielu*).
Bai Shi Zhi (White Earth Lipid)
[Flavor and Toxicity] Sweet, Sour, Neutral, Non-toxic.
Pu said: Bai Fu, also known as Sui. Qibo, Lei Gong said: Sour, Non-toxic; Tong Jun said: Sweet, Non-toxic; Bian Que said: Pungent; Li Dangzhi said: Slightly Cold.
Zhen Quan said: Sweet, Pungent. Zhang Gao said: Warm.
Xu Zhicai said: Combined with Hou Po (Magnolia Bark) and rice juice, it stops bloody stools. Yan Shi (Swallow Droppings) acts as its guide drug; it is antagonistic to Song Zhi (Pine Resin); it fears Huang Qin (Scutellaria Root).
Song Su said: It fears Huang Lian (Coptis Rhizome), Gan Cao (Licorice Root), Feilian (Artemisia Princeps), and Mumu Dougong (Aconitum).
[Indications] Nourishes Lung Qi, thickens the intestines, nourishes the marrow, treats insufficiency of palpitations in the Five Viscera, submental irritability, stops abdominal pain and diarrhea, treats heat-induced loose stools in the Small Intestine, bloody stools, metrorrhagia and leukorrhea in women, and resolves carbuncles, sores, and hemorrhoids. Long-term consumption calms the mind, prevents hunger, lightens the body, and prolongs life (*Bielu*). Astringes the Large Intestine (Zhen Quan).
[Attached Prescriptions] Four old prescriptions, two new prescriptions.
Infant watery diarrhea with emaciation, unable to tolerate decoctions: Bai Shi Zhi (White Earth Lipid) half tael, ground into powder, mixed with white porridge and eaten on an empty stomach. (*Zimu Milu*)
Infant slippery diarrhea: Bailong Wan (White Dragon Pill): Bai Shi Zhi and Bailonggu (Dragon Bone) in equal parts. Grind into powder, make pills the size of millet seeds with water. Administer according to age, taken with Mugua (Quince) and Zisu (Perilla Decoction). (*Quanyou Xinjian*)
Chronic diarrhea and dysentery: Bai Shi Zhi and Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger) in equal parts. Grind into powder, mix with boiling water and flour to form a thin paste, knead into pills the size of wutong seeds. Take thirty pills with rice drink. (*Doumen Fang*)
Infant umbilical oozing and redness/swelling: Bai Shi Zhi powder, heated and applied, three times a day, do not disturb the area. (Wei Zhou *Duxing Fang*)
Infant umbilical bleeding and excessive crying: Same prescription as above. (Kou Zongshi *Yanyi*)
Acne/Pimples on face: Bai Shi Zhi six taels, Bai Lian (Ceropegia Sandwichii) twelve taels. Grind into powder. Mix with egg white, apply at night, wash off in the morning. (*Shengji Lu*)
Chi Shi Zhi (Red Earth Lipid)
[Flavor and Toxicity] Sweet, Sour, Pungent, Greatly Warm, Non-toxic. Pu said: Chi Fu; Shennong, Lei Gong said: Sweet; Huangdi, Bian Que said: Non-toxic; Li Dangzhi said: Slightly Cold.
Xu Zhicai said: It fears Yuan Hua (Genkwa Flower), is antagonistic to Da Huang (Rhubarb Rhizome) and Song Zhi (Pine Resin).
Song Su said: Ancients also took it singly for longevity, claiming that if hair falls out, heart pain occurs, which hot wine cannot resolve. Wrapping Scallion and Fermented Soybean in cotton and boiling them in water to drink resolves this.
[Indications] Nourishes Heart Qi, improves vision and essence, treats abdominal pain and borborygmus, dysentery with red and white discharge, frequent urination, carbuncles, sores, and hemorrhoids, metrorrhagia and leukorrhea in women, and difficult labor with retained placenta. Long-term consumption nourishes the marrow, beautifies complexion, enhances intelligence, prevents hunger, lightens the body, and prolongs life (*Bielu*). Tonifies deficiency and exhaustion of the Five Viscera (Zhen Quan). Nourishes Heart Blood, generates flesh, thickens the gastrointestinal tract, removes dampness, and retracts prolapsed rectum (Li Shizhen).
[Invention/Commentary] Tao Hongjing said: For Wuse Shi Zhi, the therapeutic effects recorded in *Benjing* are similar; *Bielu* lists them separately. Currently, only Chi and Bai Shi Zhi are used to stop dysentery.
Zhang Yuansu said: Chi and Bai Shi Zhi are both Sweet and Sour, Yin within Yang, and have astringent properties to secure collapse.
Zhang Gao said: They have a descending action. They are Yin within Yang. Their uses are twofold: they have astringent capabilities to secure the gastrointestinal tract, but lack the harsh purgative force to expel the placenta.
Li Haogu said: Astringency removes prolapse; Shi Zhi is an astringent agent. Red enters Bing Fire (Heart), White enters Geng Metal (Lung).
Li Shizhen said: The five Shi Zhi are herbs for the Hand and Foot Yangming meridians. Their flavor is sweet, temperature is warm, weight is heavy, and nature is astringent. Being astringent and heavy, they can absorb dampness, stop bleeding, and secure the lower jiao; being sweet and warm, they can benefit Qi, generate flesh, and harmonize the middle. "Middle" refers to the gastrointestinal muscles, palpitations, and jaundice; "Lower" refers to intestinal diarrhea/dysentery, metrorrhagia/leukorrhea, and seminal emission. The main indications of the five types are largely the same. Thus, *Benjing* does not separate entries, stating only that each tonifies the Five Viscera according to its color. Although *Bielu* divides them into five, their nature, flavor, and indications are not very different; the distinction based on Five Flavors matching Five Colors is somewhat forced. Chi and Bai varieties enter the Qi and Blood layers respectively, hence their frequent clinical use. Zhang Zhongjing used Taohua Tang (Peach Kernel Decoction) to treat dysentery with pus and blood. It takes advantage of the heavy and astringent nature of Chi Shi Zhi to enter the lower jiao blood layer and secure collapse; the pungent and warm nature of Gan Jiang warms the lower jiao qi layer and tonifies deficiency; the sweet and warm nature of Jing Mi (Rice) assists Shi Zhi and Gan Jiang to moisten the gastrointestinal tract.
[Attached Prescriptions] Five old prescriptions, seven new prescriptions.
Infant malnutrition diarrhea: Chi Shi Zhi powder, mixed with rice drink and taken, half qian dose; immediate recovery. Adding Jing Xiong (Ligusticum) in equal parts is even better. (*Doumen Fang*)
Large Intestine cold and slippery, seminal emission: Chi Shi Zhi and Gan Jiang each one tael, Hu Jiao (Pepper) half tael. Grind into powder, make pills with vinegar paste the size of wutong seeds. Take fifty to seventy pills on an empty stomach with rice drink. Someone suffered from this; taking hot medicines up to one dou and two sheng was ineffective; following advice to take this prescription, four doses resulted in a cure. (Kou Zongshi *Yanyi*)
Red and white dysentery: Chi Shi Zhi powder, taken with water, one qian dose. (*Pujifang*)
Cold dysentery with abdominal pain, passing white mucus like fish brain. Taohua Wan (Peach Kernel Pill): Chi Shi Zhi (calcined) and Gan Jiang (roasted) in equal parts. Grind into powder, mix with steamed bread dough to make pills. Dose according to age, three times a day. (*Hejiju Fang*)
Elderly Qi dysentery with deficiency-cold: Chi Shi Zhi five taels (water-flown), Bai Mian (Wheat Flour) six taels. Boil in water until cooked, add scallion and soy sauce to make a soup/congee, eat on an empty stomach three or four times; then cured. (*Yanglao Fang*)
Typhoid fever with dysentery, continuous passage of pus and blood: Taohua Tang is the primary formula. Chi Shi Zhi one jin (half whole, half powdered), Gan Jiang one tael, Jing Mi half sheng. Seven sheng of water, boil until rice is cooked, remove dregs. Take seven he per dose, add one fangcun bi (square-inch spoonful) of the powder, three times a day; stop when cured. (Zhongjing Formula)
Rectal prolapse after dysentery: Chi Shi Zhi and Fulonggan (Dragon's House Soil) ground into powder, applied externally. Adding a little Bai Fan (Alum) is also effective. (Qian Yi Pediatric Formula)
Regurgitation and vomiting food: Excellent Chi Shi Zhi ground into powder, honey pills the size of wutong seeds. Take ten to twenty pills on an empty stomach with ginger tea. First, swallow one Baidu Ren (Bean Bean kernel) whole without breaking it, using saliva. Then take the medicine. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Phlegm-fluid retention causing vomiting of water at irregular intervals: The cause is excessive consumption of cold drinks, weakening Spleen and Stomach Qi, preventing digestion. Food entering the stomach turns into cold water, causing continuous regurgitation. Chishi Zhi San (Red Earth Lipid Powder) is indicated. Chi Shi Zhi one jin, crushed and sifted. Take one fangcun bi, drink freely with wine, gradually increasing to three bi. After finishing one jin, one will never vomit phlegm-water again, nor suffer from dysentery; it tonifies the Five Viscera and makes the person plump and strong. Someone with phlegm-fluid retention failed to respond to other medicines but was cured by this. (*Qianjin Yifang*)
Heart pain radiating to the back: Chi Shi Zhi, Gan Jiang, Shu Jiao (Sichuan Pepper) each four fen, Fuzi (Roasted) two fen, Wutou (Roasted) one fen. Grind into powder, honey pills the size of wutong seeds. Take one pill before meals. If ineffective, increase dosage slightly. (Zhang Zhongjing *Jingui Yaolue*)
Menstrual flow too heavy: Chi Shi Zhi and Poguzhi (Cibotium Rhizome) one tael. Grind into powder. Take two qian per dose with rice drink. (*Pujifang*)
Urinary incontinence: Chi Shi Zhi (calcined) and Muli (Oyster Shell, calcined) each three taels, Yan (Salt) one tael. Grind into powder, paste pills the size of wutong seeds. Take fifteen pills with salt water per dose. (*Pujifang*)