（《别录》上品）
【校正】《唐本》退入有名未用，今移入此。
【释名】朱桃（《别录》）、麦樱（《吴普》）、英豆（《别录》）、李桃。
诜曰∶此婴桃俗名李桃，又名柰桃。前樱桃名樱，非桃也。
【集解】《别录》曰∶婴桃实大如麦，多毛。四月采，阴干。
弘景曰∶樱桃即今朱樱，可煮食者。婴桃形相似而实乖异，山间时有之，方药不用。
时珍曰∶树如朱婴，但叶长尖不团。子小而尖，生青熟黄赤，亦不光泽，而味恶不堪食
实
【气味】辛，平，无毒。
【主治】止泄、肠 ，除热，调中益脾气，令人好颜色，美志（《别录》）。止泄精（孟
诜）。
（《日用》）
【释名】白果（《日用》）、鸭脚子。
时珍曰∶原生江南，叶似鸭掌，因名鸭脚。宋初始入贡，改呼银杏，因其形似小杏而核
色白也。今名白果。梅尧臣诗∶鸭脚类绿李，其名因叶高。欧阳修诗∶绛囊初入贡，银杏贵
中州。是矣。
【集解】时珍曰∶银杏生江南，以宣城者为胜。树高二、三丈。叶薄纵理，俨如鸭掌形
，有刻缺，面绿背淡。二月开花成簇，青白色，二更开花，随即卸落，人罕见之。一枝结子
百十，状如楝子，经霜乃熟烂。去肉取核为果，其核两头尖，三棱为雄，二棱为雌。其仁嫩
时绿色，久则黄。须雌雄同种，其树相望，乃结实；或雌树临水亦可；或凿一孔，内雄木一
块，泥之，亦结。阴阳相感之妙如此。其树耐久，肌理白腻。术家取刻符印，云能召使也。
《文选·吴都赋》注∶平仲果，其实如银。未知即此果否？
核仁
【气味】甘、苦，平，涩，无毒。
时珍曰∶熟食，小苦微甘，性温有小毒。多食令人胪胀。
瑞曰∶多食壅气动风。小儿食多昏霍，发惊引疳。同鳗鲡鱼食，患软风。
【主治】生食，引疳解酒，熟食益人（李鹏飞）。熟食，温肺益气，定喘嗽，缩小便，
止
白浊。生食，降痰，消毒杀虫。嚼浆，涂鼻面手足，去 皴皱，及疥癣疳 阴虱（时
珍）。
【发明】时珍曰∶银杏，宋初始著名，而修本草者不收。近时方药亦时用之。其气薄味
浓，性涩而收，色白属金。故能入肺经，益肺气，定喘嗽，缩小便。生捣能浣油腻，则其去
痰浊之功，可类推矣。其花夜开，人不得见，盖阴毒之物，故又能杀虫消毒。然食多则收令
太过，令人气壅胪胀昏顿。故《物类相感志》言∶银杏能醉人。而《三元延寿书》言∶白果
食满千个者死。又云∶昔有饥者，同以白果代饭食饱，次日皆死也。
【附方】新十八。
寒嗽痰喘∶白果七个。煨熟，以熟艾作七丸，每果入艾一丸，纸包再煨香，去艾吃。（《
秘韫》方）
哮喘痰嗽∶鸭掌散∶用银杏五个，麻黄二钱半，甘草（炙）二钱。水一钟半，煎八分，
卧
十一个（炒黄），麻黄三钱，苏子二钱，款冬花、法制半夏、桑白皮（蜜炙）各二钱，杏仁
（去皮
（并《摄
咳嗽失声∶白果仁四两，白茯苓、桑白皮二两，乌豆半升（炒），蜜半斤。煮熟晒干为
末，以乳汁半碗拌湿，九蒸九晒，丸如绿豆大。每服三、五十丸，白汤下，神效。（余居士
方）
小便频数∶白果十四枚，七生七煨，食之，取效，止。
小便白浊∶生白果仁十枚，擂水饮，日一服，取效，止。
赤白带下，下元虚惫∶白果、莲肉、江米各五钱，胡椒一钱半。为末。用乌骨鸡一只，
去
肠风下血∶银杏煨熟，出火气，食之，米饮下。
肠风脏毒∶银杏四十九枚，去壳生研，入百药煎末和丸弹子大。每服二、三丸，空心细
嚼，米饮送下。（戴原礼《证治要诀》）
牙齿虫 ∶生银杏，每食后嚼一、二个，良。（《永类钤方》）
手足皴裂∶生白果嚼烂，夜夜涂之。
鼻面酒 ∶银杏、酒浮糟，同嚼烂，夜涂旦洗。（《医林集要》）
头面癣疮∶生白果仁切断，频擦取效。（邵氏《经验方》）
下部疳疮，生白果杵，涂之。（赵原阳）
阴虱作痒∶阴毛际肉中生虫如虱，或红或白，痒不可忍者。白果仁，嚼细，频擦之，取
效
狗咬成疮∶白果仁，嚼细涂之。
乳痈溃烂∶银杏半斤，以四两研酒服之，以四两研敷之。（《救急易方》）
水疔暗疔∶水疔色黄，麻木不痛；暗疔疮凸色红，使人昏狂。并先刺四畔，后用银杏去
壳
（《名医别录》列为上品）
【校正】《唐本草》将其退为“有名未用”类，现移入此类。
【释名】朱桃（出自《名医别录》）、麦樱（出自《吴普本草》）、英豆（出自《名医别录》）、李桃。
孟诜说：这种婴桃俗名叫李桃，又名叫柰桃。以前的樱桃叫樱，不是桃树。
【集解】《名医别录》说：婴桃果实大如麦粒，多毛。四月采收，阴干。
陶弘景说：樱桃就是现在的朱樱，可以煮着吃的。婴桃形状相似但果实不同，山间偶尔有生长，方药中不使用。
李时珍说：树形像朱樱，但叶子长尖而不圆。果实小而尖，生时青熟时黄赤，也不光亮，味道恶劣不堪食用。
实
【气味】辛，平，无毒。
【主治】止泻、肠澼（痢疾），清热，调和脾胃补益脾气，使人面色好，心情愉快（出自《名医别录》）。止泄精（孟诜）。
（《日用本草》）
【释名】白果（出自《日用本草》）、鸭脚子。
李时珍说：原产于江南，叶子像鸭掌，因此叫鸭脚。宋代开始进贡，改称银杏，因为它的形状像小杏而核色白。现在叫白果。梅尧臣诗云：“鸭脚类绿李，其名因叶高。”欧阳修诗云：“绛囊初入贡，银杏贵中州。”说的就是这个。
【集解】李时珍说：银杏生长在江南，以宣城产的最好。树高二三丈。叶片薄且纵脉清晰，形状像鸭掌，有刻缺，正面绿背面淡。二月开花成簇，青白色，二更天开花，随即凋落，人们很少见到。一枝结子百十颗，形状像楝树果实，经霜后熟烂。去掉果肉取核作为果实，其核两头尖，三棱的为雄，二棱的为雌。其仁嫩时绿色，久放变黄。必须雌雄同种，树木互相望见，才能结实；或者雌树临水也可以；或者凿一个孔，放入一块雄木，用泥封住，也能结果。阴阳感应的奇妙之处如此。这棵树寿命长，肌理白腻。术士用来刻符印，说能召神使鬼。《文选·吴都赋》注说：平仲果，它的果实像银子。不知道是不是这个果实？
核仁
【气味】甘、苦，平，涩，无毒。
李时珍说：熟食，味小苦微甘，性温有小毒。多吃让人腹部胀满。
瑞曰：多吃阻碍气机引发风邪。小儿吃多了会昏乱，引发惊风和疳积。与鳗鲡鱼同食，患软风病。
【主治】生吃，引动疳积，解酒毒；熟食，补益人体（李鹏飞）。熟食，温肺益气，定喘止咳，缩小便，止白浊。生吃，降痰，消毒杀虫。嚼碎成浆，涂于鼻面手足，去除皮肤皴皱，以及疥癣、疳疮、阴虱（李时珍）。
【发明】李时珍说：银杏在宋代才开始著名，但修订本草的人没有收录。近代方药中也时常使用。它气薄味浓，性涩而收敛，色白属金。所以能入肺经，补益肺气，定喘止咳，缩小便。生捣能洗去油腻，那么它去除痰浊的功效，可以类推了。它的花夜间开放，人看不见，大概是阴毒之物，所以又能杀虫消毒。但是吃得太多则收敛太过，让人气壅腹胀昏沉。所以《物类相感志》说：“银杏能醉人。”而《三元延寿书》说：“白果吃满一千个的会死。”又说：从前有饥饿的人，用白果代替米饭吃饱，第二天都死了。
【附方】新收十八首。
寒嗽痰喘：白果七个。煨熟，用熟艾做成七丸，每果包一丸艾，用纸包再煨香，去掉艾吃。（《秘韫》方）
哮喘痰嗽：鸭掌散：用银杏五个，麻黄二钱半，甘草（炙）二钱。水一钟半，煎至八分，睡前服。
咳嗽失声：白果仁四两，白茯苓、桑白皮二两，乌豆半升（炒），蜜半斤。煮熟晒干为末，用乳汁半碗拌湿，九蒸九晒，丸如绿豆大。每次服三五十丸，白开水送下，神效。（余居士方）
小便频数：白果十四枚，七个生吃七个煨熟，吃下去，见效即止。
小便白浊：生白果仁十枚，研磨成水喝，每天一次，见效即止。
赤白带下，下元虚惫：白果、莲肉、江米各五钱，胡椒一钱半。研为末。用乌骨鸡一只，去内脏...
肠风下血：银杏煨熟，去火气，吃下去，米汤送下。
肠风脏毒：银杏四十九枚，去壳生研，加入百药煎末和丸如弹子大。每次服二三丸，空腹细嚼，米饮送下。（戴原礼《证治要诀》）
牙齿虫蛀：生银杏，每顿饭后来嚼一两个，效果好。（《永类钤方》）
手足皴裂：生白果嚼烂，每晚涂抹。
鼻面酒渣：银杏、酒浮糟，同嚼烂，晚上涂早上洗。（《医林集要》）
头面癣疮：生白果仁切断，频繁擦拭见效。（邵氏《经验方》）
下部疳疮，生白果杵碎，涂抹。（赵原阳）
阴虱作痒：阴毛际肉中生虫如虱，或红或白，痒得不可忍受。白果仁，嚼细，频繁擦拭，见效。
狗咬成疮：白果仁，嚼细涂抹。
乳痈溃烂：银杏半斤，用四两研酒服下，用四两研敷患处。（《救急易方》）
水疔暗疔：水疔色黄，麻木不痛；暗疔疮凸色红，使人昏狂。并先刺四周，后用银杏去壳...
(Recorded as a Superior Grade in *Bie Lu* [Classic of Famous Physicians' Separate Records])
[Correction] *Tang Ben Cao* [Tang Dynasty Materia Medica] demoted it to "Named but Unused," now moved into this category.
[Names] Zhu Tao (from *Bie Lu*), Mai Ying (from *Wu Pu Ben Cao*), Ying Dou (from *Bie Lu*), Li Tao.
Shen said: This Ying Tao is commonly known as Li Tao, also called Nai Tao. The previous Cherry was named Ying, not Tao.
[Collection and Explanation] *Bie Lu* says: Ying Tao fruits are as large as wheat grains, hairy. Harvested in April, dried in the shade.
Hong Jing said: Ying Tao is the same as the current Zhu Ying (Red Cherry), which can be boiled for food. Ying Tao has a similar shape but different fruit; it grows occasionally in mountains, but is not used in prescriptions.
Shizhen said: The tree resembles Zhu Ying, but the leaves are long and pointed, not round. The fruit is small and pointed, green when raw and yellow-red when ripe, not glossy, and tastes bad, inedible.
Fruit
[Aroma and Flavor] Pungent, Neutral, Non-toxic.
[Indications] Stops diarrhea, treats Chang Pi [dysentery], clears heat, harmonizes the middle and benefits Spleen Qi, improves complexion, and enhances mood (*Bie Lu*). Stops seminal emission (Meng Shen).
(*Ri Yong Ben Cao*)
[Names] Bai Guo (from *Ri Yong*), Ya Jiao Zi [Duck-foot Seed].
Shizhen said: Originally from Jiangnan, leaves resemble duck feet, hence the name Ya Jiao. First presented as tribute in the Song Dynasty, renamed Yin Xing [Silver Fruit], because its shape resembles a small apricot and the kernel is white. Now called Bai Guo. Mei Yaochen's poem: "Ya Jiao resembles green plums, its name due to high leaves." Ouyang Xiu's poem: "Crimson bags first entered tribute, Yin Xing valued in Zhongzhou." This is correct.
[Collection and Explanation] Shizhen said: Yin Xing grows in Jiangnan, with those from Xuancheng being superior. Trees are two or three zhang tall. Leaves are thin with longitudinal veins, distinctly shaped like duck feet, with incisions, green on top and pale below. Flowers cluster in February, blue-white, blooming at the second watch, falling immediately, rarely seen by people. One branch bears dozens of fruits, resembling Chinaberry fruits, ripening after frost. Remove flesh to take the kernel as the fruit; kernels are pointed at both ends, three-angled are male, two-angled are female. Kernels are green when tender, turning yellow over time. Male and female trees must be of the same species and face each other to bear fruit; or female trees near water can also bear fruit; or drill a hole, insert a piece of male wood, seal with mud, and it will also bear fruit. The wonder of Yin-Yang interaction is thus. The tree is durable, with white and greasy texture. Daoist practitioners carve talismans and seals from it, claiming it can summon spirits. Note on *Wu Du Fu* in *Wen Xuan*: Ping Zhong fruit, its fruit looks like silver. Uncertain if this is the same fruit?
Kernel
[Aroma and Flavor] Sweet, Bitter, Neutral, Astringent, Non-toxic.
Shizhen said: Cooked, slightly bitter and sweet, Warm nature with slight toxicity. Overconsumption causes abdominal distension.
Rui said: Overconsumption obstructs Qi movement and induces wind. Children eating too much suffer confusion, inducing convulsions and malnutrition syndromes. Eating with Eel causes soft wind disease.
[Indications] Raw: Induces malnutrition syndromes, resolves alcohol toxicity. Cooked: Benefits the body (Li Pengfei). Cooked: Warms Lungs, benefits Qi, stabilizes asthma/cough, reduces urination, stops leukorrhea/white turbidity. Raw: Descends Phlegm, detoxifies, kills parasites. Chewed into paste, applied to nose, face, hands, and feet, removes skin roughness/wrinkles, and treats Scabies/Tinea/Malnutrition sores/Yin lice (Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Shizhen said: Yin Xing became famous only in the Song Dynasty, yet compilers of Materia Medica did not include it. Recently used in prescriptions. Its aroma is light, flavor strong, nature astringent and contracting, color white belonging to Metal. Thus it enters the Lung Meridian, benefits Lung Qi, stabilizes asthma/cough, reduces urination. Raw crushing can wash away grease, implying its ability to remove turbid Phlegm. Its flowers open at night, unseen by humans, likely a Yin-Toxic substance, thus able to kill parasites and detoxify. However, excessive intake leads to excessive contraction, causing Qi stagnation, abdominal distension, and dizziness. Thus *Wu Lei Xiang Gan Zhi* states: "Yin Xing can intoxicate people." And *San Yuan Yan Shou Shu* states: "Those who eat one thousand Bai Guo die." It is also said: Formerly, hungry people ate Bai Guo instead of rice until full, and all died the next day.
[Attached Prescriptions] Eighteen new ones.
Cold Cough with Phlegm-Asthma: Seven Bai Guo. Roasted until cooked, make seven pills of prepared Mugwort, insert one pill of Mugwort into each fruit, wrap in paper and roast until fragrant, discard Mugwort and eat (*Mi Yun* prescription).
Asthma and Phlegm-Cough: Ya Zhang San [Duck-Palm Powder]: Use five Yin Xing, two-and-a-half qian Ma Huang [Ephedrae Herba], two qian Gan Cao [Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma] (roasted). Add one-and-a-half zhong of water, decoct to eight-tenths, take before sleep.
Cough with Loss of Voice: Four liang Bai Guo Ren [Kernel Ginkgo], two liang Bai Fu Ling [Poria], two liang Sang Bai Pi [Morus Alba Root Bark], half sheng Wu Dou [Black Soybean] (roasted), half jin Honey. Boil until cooked, dry and powder. Mix with half bowl of breast milk, steam and sun-dry nine times, form pills size of mung beans. Take 30-50 pills per dose, down with warm water, miraculous effect (Yu Jushi prescription).
Frequent Urination: Fourteen Bai Guo, seven raw and seven roasted, eat to effect, then stop.
White Turbid Urine: Ten raw Bai Guo Ren, grind with water and drink, once daily, to effect, then stop.
Red and White Leukorrhea, Deficiency of Lower Origin: Five qian Bai Guo, five qian Lian Rou [Lotus Seed], five qian Jiang Mi [Glutinous Rice], one-and-a-half qian Hu Jiao [Black Pepper]. Powder. Use one Black-Bone Hen, remove internal organs...
Intestinal Wind with Blood in Stool: Roast Yin Xing until cooked, eliminate fire energy, eat, down with rice drink.
Intestinal Wind and Visceral Toxin: Forty-nine Yin Xing, remove shell and crush raw, mix with powder of Bai Yao Jian [Myrobalan Pill], form pills size of bullet. Take 2-3 pills per dose, chew finely on empty stomach, down with rice drink (Dai Yuanli *Zheng Zhi Yao Jue*).
Teeth Worms: Raw Yin Xing, chew one or two after each meal, good (*Yong Lei Qian Fang*).
Hand and Foot Fissures: Crush raw Bai Guo, apply nightly.
Nose and Face Rosacea: Yin Xing and wine lees, chew together, apply at night, wash in morning (*Yi Lin Ji Yao*).
Head and Face Tinea Sores: Cut raw Bai Guo Ren, rub frequently to effect (Shao Shi *Jing Yan Fang*).
Lower Body Malnutrition Sores: Crush raw Bai Guo, apply (Zhao Yuanyang).
Itching Yin Lice: Insects like lice growing in flesh at pubic hair line, red or white, unbearable itching. Chew Bai Guo Ren fine, rub frequently to effect.
Dog Bite Wounds: Chew Bai Guo Ren fine, apply.
Breast Abscess Ulceration: Half jin Yin Xing, crush four liang with wine to drink, crush remaining four liang to apply externally (*Jiu Ji Yi Fang*).
Water Ding and Dark Ding: Water Ding is yellow, numb and painless; Dark Ding protrudes, red, causes delirium. Prick surrounding area first, then use Yin Xing remove shell...