（《别录》上品）
【释名】莺桃（《礼注》）、含桃（《月令》）、荆桃。
宗 曰∶孟诜《本草》言∶此乃樱，非桃也。虽非桃类，以其形肖桃，故曰樱桃，又何
疑焉？如沐猴梨、胡桃之类，皆取其形相似耳。《礼记》∶仲春，天子以含桃荐宗庙，即此
。故王维诗云∶才是寝园春荐后，非干御苑鸟衔残。药中不甚用。
时珍曰∶其颗如璎珠，故谓之樱。而许慎作莺桃，云莺所含食，故又曰含桃，亦通。案
∶《尔雅》云∶楔（音戛），荆桃也。孙炎注云∶即今樱桃。最大而甘者，谓之崖蜜。
【集解】颂曰∶樱桃，处处有之，而洛中者最胜。其木多阴，先百果熟，故古人多贵之
。其实熟时深红色者，谓之朱樱。紫色，皮里有细黄点者，谓之紫樱，味最珍重。又有正黄
明者，谓之蜡樱。小而红者，谓之樱珠，味皆不及。极大者，有若弹丸，核细而肉浓，尤难
得。
时珍曰∶樱桃树不甚高。春初开白花，繁英如雪。叶团，有尖及细齿。结子一枝数十颗
，三月熟时须守护，否则鸟食无遗也。盐藏、蜜煎皆可，或同蜜捣作糕食，唐人以酪荐食之
。林洪《山家清供》云∶樱桃经雨则虫自内生，人莫之见。用水浸良久，则虫皆出，乃可食
也。试之果然。
【气味】甘，热，涩，无毒。大明曰∶平，微毒。多食令人吐。
诜曰∶食多无损，但发虚热耳。有暗风人不可食，食之立发。
李鹏飞曰∶伤筋骨，败血气。有寒热病患不可食。
【主治】调中，益脾气，令人好颜色，美志（《别录》）。止泄精、水谷痢（孟诜）。
【发明】宗 曰∶小儿食之过多，无不作热。此果三月末、四月初熟，得正阳之气，先
诸果熟，故性热也。
震亨曰∶樱桃属火而有土，性大热而发湿。旧有热病及喘嗽者，得之立病，且有死者也。
时珍曰∶案∶张子和《儒门事亲》云∶舞水一富家有二子，好食紫樱，每日啖一、二升
。半月后，长者发肺痿，幼者发肺痈，相继而死。呜呼！百果之生，所以养人，非欲害人。
富贵之家，纵其嗜欲取死，是何？天耶？命耶？邵尧夫诗云∶爽口物多终作疾。真格言哉！
观此
，则寇、朱二氏之言，益可证矣。王维诗云∶饱食不须愁内热，大官还有蔗浆寒。盖谓寒物
同食，犹可解其热也。
叶
【气味】甘，平，无毒。煮老鹅，易软熟。
【主治】蛇咬，捣汁饮，并敷之（颂）。
东行根
【主治】煮汁服，立下寸白、蛔虫（颂）。
枝
【主治】雀卵斑 ，同紫萍、牙皂、白梅肉研和，日用洗面（时珍）。
花
【主治】面黑粉滓（方见李花）。
（收录于《神农本草经》上品）
【释名】莺桃（出自《礼记注》）、含桃（出自《月令》）、荆桃。
苏颂说：孟诜在《本草》中指出：这是樱桃，不是桃子。虽然不属于桃树一类，但因为它的形状像桃子，所以称为樱桃，这有什么可怀疑的呢？就像沐猴梨、胡桃一样，都是取其形状相似罢了。《礼记》记载：仲春时节，天子用含桃祭祀宗庙，指的就是这种果实。所以王维的诗写道：“才从寝园春荐之后，并非因为御苑鸟儿衔食残剩。”此药在临床中不常用。
李时珍说：它的果实像璎珞珠玉，所以叫作“樱”。而许慎写作“莺桃”，解释说这是黄莺所含食之物，因此又叫“含桃，也是通的。查考《尔雅》说：楔（音戛），就是荆桃。孙炎注释说：就是现在的樱桃。其中最大且甘甜的，叫做崖蜜。
【集解】苏颂说：樱桃各地都有，但洛阳产的最好。樱桃树多阴凉，比百果都先成熟，所以古人很看重它。果实成熟时呈深红色的，叫朱樱；紫色的，皮里有细小黄点的，叫紫樱，味道最珍贵。还有正黄色的，叫蜡樱。小而红的，叫樱珠，味道都不如前几种。特别大的，有弹丸那么大，核细肉厚，尤其难得。
李时珍说：樱桃树不高。初春开白花，繁花如雪。叶子圆形，有尖头和细锯齿。一结子几十颗，三月成熟时必须守护，否则会被鸟吃光。盐腌、蜜煎都可以，或者加蜜捣碎做成糕饼吃，唐人用酪浆搭配食用。林洪《山家清供》说：樱桃经过雨淋后虫子会自然生在内部，人看不见。用水浸泡很久，虫子都会出来，才可以吃。试过果然如此。
【气味】味甘，性热，味涩，无毒。马志说：性平，微毒。多吃会让人呕吐。
孟诜说：吃多了没有损害，只是引发虚热而已。有隐伏风邪的人不可吃，吃了立刻发病。
【主治】调和脾胃，补益脾气，使人面色红润，意志愉悦（出自《别录》）。止泄精、水谷痢疾（孟诜）。
【发明】苏颂说：小儿吃多了，无不产生热症。这种果实三月末、四月初成熟，得正阳之气，比诸果先熟，所以性质属热。
朱震亨说：樱桃属火而有土性，性质大热且易发湿。原有热病及喘咳的人，吃了立刻生病，甚至有死亡的。
李时珍说：查考张子和《儒门事亲》记载：舞水一个富人家有两个儿子，喜欢吃紫樱，每天吃一两升。半个月后，哥哥得了肺痿，弟弟得了肺痈，相继死亡。唉！百果的产生是为了养人，不是为了害人。富贵人家放纵嗜欲导致死亡，这是天意吗？是命运吗？邵尧夫的诗说：“爽口之物过多终究成疾病。”真是至理名言！看这个例子，寇宗奭、朱震亨二位的言论，更加可以证实了。王维诗说：“饱食不必愁内热，大官还有蔗浆寒。”大概是指与寒凉食物同食，还可以解除其热性。
叶
【气味】味甘，性平，无毒。煮老鹅时加入，容易软烂。
东行根
【主治】煮汁服用，能立即排出寸白虫、蛔虫（苏颂）。
枝
【主治】雀卵斑（雀斑），与紫萍、牙皂、白梅肉研和，每日用来洗面（李时珍）。
花
【主治】面部黑粉渣滓（方剂见李花条下）。
(Recorded in the Upper Grade of *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
**[Names]** Yingtao (from *Liji Zhu*), Hantao (from *Yueling*), Jingtao.
Su Song stated: Meng Shen noted in his *Bencao* that this is Yingtao, not a peach. Although it does not belong to the peach category, because its shape resembles a peach, it is called Yingtao; what is there to doubt? Similar to Mhouli and Hetao, these names are derived from their similar shapes. The *Book of Rites* records: "In the second month of spring, the Son of Heaven offered Hantao to the ancestral temple," referring to this fruit. Thus, Wang Wei's poem says: "Just after the spring offering at the imperial garden, not because birds have pecked at the remnants in the royal park." It is not widely used in medicine.
Li Shizhen stated: Its fruits resemble jade ornaments, hence the name "Ying." Xu Shen wrote it as "Yingtao," explaining that it is food contained by orioles, hence also called "Hantao," which is also acceptable. According to the *Erya*: "Xie (pronounced Jia) is Jingtao." Sun Yan's commentary states: "It is the current Yingtao." The largest and sweetest ones are called Yami.
**[Collection and Explanation]** Su Song said: Yingtao grows everywhere, but those from Luoyang are the best. The trees provide much shade and ripen before other fruits, so ancient people valued them highly. When ripe, deep red ones are called Zhuying; purple ones with fine yellow spots on the skin are called Ziyng, possessing the most precious flavor. There are also bright yellow ones called Chaying. Small and red ones are called Yingzhu, with flavors inferior to the others. The very large ones are like bullet shots, with thin pits and thick flesh, especially rare.
Li Shizhen said: Yingtao trees are not very tall. They bloom white flowers in early spring, with dense blossoms like snow. The leaves are round, pointed, and serrated. Dozens of fruits grow on one branch. When they ripen in March, they must be guarded against, otherwise birds will eat them all. They can be preserved in salt or candied in honey, or mashed with honey to make cakes. People in the Tang Dynasty ate them with yogurt. Lin Hong's *Shanjia Qinggong* states: "If Yingtao is exposed to rain, worms naturally generate inside, invisible to humans. Soaking them in water for a long time causes the worms to emerge, making them edible." This has been verified.
**[Flavor and Properties]** Sweet, hot, astringent, non-toxic. Ma Zhi stated: Neutral, slightly toxic. Excessive consumption causes vomiting.
Meng Shen stated: Eating too much causes no harm, but induces empty heat. Those with latent wind pathogens should not eat it, as it triggers immediate illness.
Li Pengfei stated: It damages tendons and bones, and depletes qi and blood. Patients with cold-heat disorders should not eat it.
**[Therapeutic Actions]** Regulates the middle jiao, benefits spleen qi, improves complexion, and enhances mood (*Bielu*). Stops seminal emission and grain-water dysentery (Meng Shen).
**[Elucidation]** Su Song stated: Children who eat too much invariably develop heat syndromes. This fruit ripens in late March and early April, absorbing pure yang qi and ripening before other fruits, thus its nature is hot.
Zhu Zhenheng stated: Yingtao belongs to fire with earth characteristics, having a great heat nature and inducing dampness. Those with existing heat diseases or wheezing/coughing will fall ill immediately upon consumption, and death may occur.
Li Shizhen stated: According to Zhang Hezi's *Rumen Shishen*: A wealthy family in Wushui had two sons who loved eating Ziyng, consuming one or two sheng daily. Half a month later, the elder son developed Feiwei (lung atrophy), and the younger son developed Feiyong (lung abscess); they died successively. Alas! Fruits are produced to nourish humans, not to harm them. How did the wealthy family's indulgence in desires lead to death? Is it fate or destiny? Shao Yaofu's poem says: "Excessive enjoyment of palatable foods eventually leads to illness." Truly a golden maxim! Observing this case further corroborates the words of Kou Zongshi and Zhu Zhenheng. Wang Wei's poem says: "After full eating, do not worry about internal heat; high officials still have cold sugarcane juice." This implies that eating cold-natured foods together can resolve the heat.
**Leaves**
**[Flavor and Properties]** Sweet, neutral, non-toxic. When boiling old geese, it helps soften the meat.
**[Therapeutic Actions]** Snake bites: Mash into juice for oral administration and external application (Su Song).
**Roots growing eastward**
**[Therapeutic Actions]** Decoct and drink to immediately expel Ascaris lumbricoides and pinworms (Su Song).
**Branches**
**[Therapeutic Actions]** Freckles: Grind together with Spirodela polyrhiza, Gleditsiae Sinensis Fructus Spina, and dried plum flesh; apply daily to wash the face (Li Shizhen).
**Flowers**
**[Therapeutic Actions]** Facial pigmentation and impurities (Formula see under Prunus salicina flower).