（宋《开宝》）
【释名】 子（音求）。
时珍曰∶其形如水杨子而味似梅，故名。段氏《北户录》名 子。扬州人呼白杨梅为圣
僧。
【集解】志曰∶杨梅，生江南、岭南山谷。树若荔枝树，而叶细阴青。子形似水杨子，
而生青熟红，肉在核上，无皮壳。四月、五月采之。南人腌藏为果，寄至北方。
时珍曰∶杨梅树叶如龙眼及紫瑞香，冬月不凋。二月开花结实，形如楮实子，五月熟，
有红、白、紫三种，红胜于白，紫胜于红，颗大而核细，盐藏、蜜渍、糖收皆佳。东方朔《
林邑记》云∶邑有杨梅，其大如杯碗，青时极酸，熟则如蜜。用以酿酒，号为梅香酎，甚珍
重之。赞宁《物类相感志》云∶桑上接杨梅则不酸。杨梅树生癞，以甘草钉钉之则无。皆物
理之妙也。
藏器曰∶张华《博物志》言地瘴处多生杨梅，验之信然。
实
【气味】酸、甘，温，无毒。
诜曰∶热，微毒。久食令人发热，损齿及筋。忌生葱同食。
瑞曰∶发疮致痰。
【主治】盐藏食，去痰止呕哕，消食下酒。干作屑，临饮酒时服方寸匕，止吐酒（《开
宝》）。止渴，和五脏，能涤肠胃，除烦愦恶气。烧灰服，断下痢，甚验。盐者常含一枚，
咽汁，利五脏下气（诜）。
【附方】旧一，新三。
下痢不止∶杨梅烧研，每米饮服二钱，日二服。（《普济》）
头痛不止∶杨梅为末，以少许 鼻取嚏，妙。
头风作痛∶杨梅为末，每食后薄荷茶服二钱。或以消风散同煎服。或同捣末，以白梅肉
和
一切损伤，止血生肌，令无瘢痕∶用盐藏杨梅和核捣如泥，做成挺子，以竹筒收之。凡
遇
核仁
【主治】香港脚。
时珍曰∶案，王明清《挥尘录》云∶会稽杨梅为天下冠。童贯苦香港脚，或云杨梅仁可治
之。郡守王嶷馈五十石，贯用之而愈。取仁法∶以柿漆拌核曝之，则自裂出也。
树皮及根
【主治】煎汤，洗恶疮疥癣（大明）。煎水，漱牙痛。服之，解砒毒。
烧灰油
【附方】新三。
中砒毒∶心腹绞痛，欲吐不吐，面青肢冷。用杨梅树皮，煎汤二、三碗，服之即愈。（王
硕《易简方》）
风虫牙痛∶《普济方》∶用杨梅根（皮浓者），焙一两，川芎 五钱，麝香少许。研末。
每
用半钱，鼻内 之，口中含水，涎出痛止。《摘要方》∶用杨梅根皮、韭菜根、厨案上油泥
等分。捣匀，贴于两腮上半时辰，其虫从眼角出也。屡用有效之方。
【释名】 子（读音同“求”）。
李时珍说：它的形状像水杨子，味道像梅子，所以得名。段成式《北户录》称其为 子。扬州人把白杨梅称为圣僧。
【集解】苏颂说：杨梅生长在江南、岭南的山谷中。树形像荔枝树，但叶子细小且颜色深绿。果实形状像水杨子，刚生时是青色，成熟后变红，果肉附着在果核上，没有皮壳。四月、五月采摘。南方人将其腌制保存作为果品，寄送到北方。
李时珍说：杨梅的树叶像龙眼及紫瑞香，冬季不落叶。二月开花结果，形状像楮实子，五月成熟，有红、白、紫三种颜色，红色胜过白色，紫色胜过红色，颗粒大而果核细，用盐腌、蜜渍、糖收都很好。东方朔《林邑记》记载：林邑有杨梅，大如杯碗，青色时极酸，成熟后甜如蜜。用来酿酒，称为梅香酎，非常珍贵。赞宁《物类相感志》记载：桑树上嫁接杨梅则不酸。杨梅树若生癞病，用甘草钉钉在上面就能治愈。这都是物理的奇妙之处。
陈藏器说：张华《博物志》说地气瘴疠的地方多生长杨梅，验证起来确实如此。
【气味】酸、甘，温，无毒。
孟诜说：性热，微毒。久食使人发热，损伤牙齿和筋脉。忌与生葱同食。
李瑞说：诱发疮疡，导致生痰。
【主治】食用盐腌杨梅，能祛痰止呕逆，消食解酒。将杨梅干燥研成粉末，饮酒前服用一方寸匕，可止吐酒（《开宝本草》）。生津止渴，调和五脏，能洗涤肠胃，消除烦闷和恶气。烧成灰服用，可截断下痢，效果显著。常含一枚盐腌杨梅在口中，咽其汁液，能利五脏、降气（孟诜）。
【附方】旧方一个，新方三个。
下痢不止：将杨梅烧成炭研末，每次用米汤送服二钱，每日两次。（《普济方》）
头痛不止：将杨梅研成粉末，取少许吹入鼻中引发喷嚏，效果奇妙。
头风作痛：将杨梅研成粉末，每餐后用薄荷茶送服二钱。或者与消风散同煎服用。或者一同捣成粉末，用白梅肉调和。
一切损伤，止血生肌，不留瘢痕：用盐腌杨梅连同果核一起捣成泥状，做成条状，用竹筒收藏。凡遇到……
核仁
【主治】香港脚（足部肿胀疼痛）。
李时珍说：据王明清《挥尘录》记载：会稽的杨梅为天下之首。童贯患香港脚，有人说杨梅仁可以治疗。郡守王嶷赠送五十石，童贯使用后痊愈。取仁的方法：用柿漆拌和果核暴晒，果核就会自然裂开露出仁来。
树皮及根
【主治】煎汤外洗恶疮、疥癣（《大明本草》）。煎水漱口治牙痛。内服可解砒霜毒。
烧灰油
【附方】新方三个。
中砒霜毒：心腹绞痛，想吐吐不出，面色青黑，四肢冰冷。用杨梅树皮，煎汤两至三碗，服用后即愈。（王硕《易简方》）
风虫牙痛：《普济方》记载：用杨梅根（皮厚的），焙干一两，川芎五钱，麝香少许。研成粉末。每次用半钱，吹入鼻中，口中含水，待涎水流出疼痛即止。《摘要方》记载：用杨梅根皮、韭菜根、厨案上的油泥各等分。捣匀，贴敷在两腮上半个时辰，虫子会从眼角出来。这是屡试有效的方子。
[Names] Zi (pronounced "qiu").
Li Shizhen said: Its shape resembles that of *Populus tomentosa* fruit, and its taste is like a plum; hence the name. Duan Chengshi's *Beihu Lu* calls it [missing character] zi. People in Yangzhou refer to white bayberry as "Sheng Seng" (Holy Monk).
[Collection and Explanation] Su Song said: Bayberry grows in the valleys of Jiangnan and Lingnan. The tree resembles the lychee tree, but its leaves are finer and dark green. The fruit resembles *Populus tomentosa* fruit; it is green when young and red when ripe. The flesh adheres to the pit, with no skin or shell. It is harvested in April and May. Southerners pickle it for preservation as a fruit and send it northward.
Li Shizhen said: Bayberry leaves resemble those of longan (*Dimocarpus longan*) and purple daphne (*Daphne odora*), and they do not fall in winter. Flowers bloom and fruits set in February, resembling the fruit of paper mulberry (*Broussonetia papyrifera*). They ripen in May and come in three colors: red, white, and purple. Red is superior to white, and purple is superior to red. The berries are large with small pits. Pickling with salt, preserving with honey, or candying with sugar are all excellent methods. Dongfang Shuo's *Linyi Ji* records: In Linyi, there are bayberries as large as cups or bowls. When green, they are extremely sour; when ripe, they are sweet as honey. Used to brew wine, known as "Mei Xiang Zhou," it is highly valued. Zan Ning's *Wulei Xianggan Zhi* records: Grafting bayberry onto mulberry trees makes them non-acidic. If bayberry trees develop scabs, nailing licorice root (*Gancao*, *Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma*) into them cures the disease. These are wonders of natural principles.
Chen Cangqi said: Zhang Hua's *Bowuzhi* states that bayberries grow abundantly in miasma-prone areas; verification confirms this is true.
[Flavor and Toxicity] Sour, sweet, warm, non-toxic.
Meng Shen said: Hot nature, slightly toxic. Long-term consumption causes fever and damages teeth and sinews. Avoid eating raw green onions together.
Li Rui said: Induces sores and generates phlegm.
[Indications] Consuming salt-pickled bayberry resolves phlegm, stops vomiting and hiccups, aids digestion, and relieves drunkenness. Dried bayberry ground into powder, taken one *cunfang bi* before drinking alcohol, stops alcohol-induced vomiting (*Kaibao Bencao*). Generates fluids, quenches thirst, harmonizes the five zang organs, cleanses the stomach and intestines, and eliminates irritability and foul qi. Burned to ash and ingested, it halts dysentery with great efficacy. Frequently holding a piece of salt-pickled bayberry in the mouth and swallowing the juice benefits the five zang organs and directs qi downward (Meng Shen).
[Attached Prescriptions] One old prescription, three new prescriptions.
Incessant dysentery: Calcine bayberry, grind into powder, take two qian with rice water, twice daily. (*Puji Fang*)
Unrelenting headache: Grind bayberry into powder, insuffuse a small amount into the nose to induce sneezing; this is miraculous.
Head wind pain: Grind bayberry into powder, take two qian after meals with mint tea. Alternatively, decoct together with *Xiao Feng San* (Wind-Expelling Powder). Or mix into powder and combine with white plum flesh.
All injuries, stops bleeding, generates flesh, prevents scarring: Use salt-pickled bayberry with the pit, pound into a paste, form into suppositories, and store in bamboo tubes. Whenever encountering...
Kernel
[Indications] Hong Kong foot (podagra/baleroot swelling).
Li Shizhen said: According to Wang Mingqing's *Hui Chen Lu*, bayberries from Kuaiji are the best in the world. Tong Guan suffered from Hong Kong foot; someone suggested bayberry kernels could cure it. The prefect Wang Yi presented fifty shi, and Tong Guan recovered using it. Method to extract kernels: Mix kernels with persimmon latex and sun-dry; they will naturally split open.
Bark and Roots
[Indications] Decoct and wash external ulcers, scabies, and tinea (*Da Ming Bencao*). Decoct and gargle for toothache. Ingestion antidotes arsenic poisoning.
Ash and Oil
[Attached Prescriptions] Three new prescriptions.
Arsenic poisoning: Severe abdominal and cardiac pain, desire to vomit but unable to, blue complexion, cold limbs. Decoct bark of bayberry tree (*Yangmei Shupi*) in two to three bowls of water; ingestion leads to immediate recovery. (Wang Shuo, *Yijian Fang*)
Wind-worm toothache: *Puji Fang* records: Use thick-skinned bayberry roots (*Yangmei Gen*), dry-roast one liang, add *Chuanxiong* (Szechwan Lovage Rhizome) five qian, and a little musk. Grind into powder. Take half a qian, insufflate into the nose, hold water in the mouth; when saliva flows out, pain ceases. *Zhaiyao Fang* records: Use equal parts of bayberry root bark, leek root, and kitchen oil mud. Pound uniformly and apply to the upper half of both cheeks for half a *shichen*; the worm will exit from the corner of the eye. This is a frequently used and effective prescription.