（《别录》中品）
【释名】宗 曰∶其叶形似琵琶，故名。
【集解】颂曰∶枇杷，旧不着所出州土，今襄、汉、吴、蜀、闽、岭、江西南、湖南北
皆有之。木高丈余，肥枝长叶，大如驴耳，背有黄毛，阴密婆娑可爱，四时不凋。盛冬开白
花，至三、四月成实作 ，生大如弹丸，熟时色如黄杏，微有毛，皮肉甚薄，核大如茅栗，
黄褐色。四月采叶，曝干用。
时珍曰∶案∶郭义恭《广志》云∶枇杷易种，叶微似栗，冬花春实。其子簇结有毛，四
月熟，大者如鸡子，小者如龙眼，白者为上，黄者次之。无核者名焦子，出广州。又杨万里
诗云∶大叶耸长耳，一枝堪满盘。荔枝分与核，金橘却无酸。颇尽其状。注《文选》者以枇
杷为卢橘，误矣。详金橘。
实
【气味】甘、酸，平，无毒。
志曰∶寒。诜曰∶温。多食发痰热，伤脾。同炙肉及热面食，令人患热毒黄疾。
【主治】止渴下气，利肺气，止吐逆，主上焦热，润五脏（大明）。
叶
【修治】恭曰∶凡用须火炙，以布拭去毛。不尔射人肺，令咳不已。或以粟秆
作刷
曰∶凡采得，秤湿叶重一两，干者三叶重一两，乃为气足，堪用。粗布拭去毛，以甘
草汤洗一遍，用绵再拭干。每一两，以酥二钱半涂上，炙过用。
时珍曰∶治胃病，以姜汁涂炙；治肺病，以蜜水涂炙，乃良。
【气味】苦，平，无毒。
权曰∶甘、微辛。弘景曰∶煮汁饮之，则小冷。
【主治】猝 不止，下气，煮汁服（《别录》）。弘景曰∶若不暇煮，但嚼汁咽，亦瘥）
。治呕哕不止，妇人产后口干（大明）。煮汁饮，主渴疾，治肺气热嗽，及肺风疮，胸面上
疮
【发明】时珍曰∶枇杷叶，气薄味浓，阳中之阴。治肺胃之病，大都取其下气之功耳。
气下则火降痰顺，而逆者不逆，呕者不呕，渴者不渴，咳者不咳矣。
宗 曰∶治肺热嗽甚有功。一妇人患肺热久嗽，身如火炙，肌瘦将成痨。以枇杷叶、木
通、款冬花、紫菀、杏仁、桑白皮各等分，大黄减半。如常治讫，为末，蜜丸樱桃大。食后
、夜卧各含化一丸，未终剂而愈矣。
【附方】新七。
温病发哕因饮水多者∶枇杷叶（去毛，炙香）、茅根各半斤。水四升，煎二升，稍稍饮
之
反胃呕哕∶枇杷叶（去毛，炙）、丁香各一两，人参二两。为末，每服三钱，水一盏，
姜三片
衄血不止∶枇杷叶（去毛），焙研末。茶服一、二钱，日二。（同上）
酒 赤鼻∶枇杷叶、栀子仁等分。为末。每服二钱，温酒调下。日三服。（《本事》）
面上风疮∶方同上。
痔疮肿痛∶枇杷叶（蜜灸）、乌梅肉（焙）。为末。先以乌梅汤洗，贴之。（《集要》）
痘疮溃烂∶枇杷叶，煎汤洗之。（《摘玄》）
花
【主治】头风，鼻流清涕。辛夷等分，研末，酒服二钱，日二服（时珍）。
木白皮
【主治】生嚼咽汁，止吐逆不下食，煮汁冷服，尤佳（思邈）。
（收录于《名医别录》中品）
【释名】苏颂说：它的叶子形状像琵琶，所以得名。
【集解】苏颂说：枇杷，过去没有记载出产的州县，现在襄阳、汉水、吴地、蜀地、福建、岭南、江西南部和湖南北部都有生长。树高一丈多，枝条肥壮，叶片细长，大如驴耳，背面有黄色绒毛，树荫浓密婆娑可爱，四季不凋谢。深冬开出白花，到三、四月结成果实，生时大如弹丸，成熟时颜色像黄杏，微有毛，皮肉很薄，核大如茅栗，呈黄褐色。四月采集叶子，晒干后使用。
李时珍说：据郭义恭《广志》记载：枇杷容易种植，叶子微微像栗子叶，冬天开花春天结果。果实簇生且有毛，四月成熟，大的像鸡蛋，小的像龙眼，白色的是上品，黄色的次之。没有核的叫做“焦子”，产于广州。又杨万里的诗写道：“大叶耸长耳，一枝堪满盘。荔枝分与核，金橘却无酸。”这首诗颇能描绘其形态。注释《文选》的人把枇杷当作卢橘，这是错误的。详见“金橘”条。
【果实气味】味甘、酸，性平，无毒。
徐之才说：性寒。陈藏器说：性温。多吃会引发痰热，损伤脾胃。同烤肉及热面食一起吃，会让人患上热毒黄疸病。
【果实主治】止渴下气，利肺气，止呕吐逆气，主治上焦热证，滋润五脏（引自孟诜）。
【叶子】
【修治】陶弘景说：凡是用枇杷叶，必须用火烤炙，然后用布擦拭去掉绒毛。否则绒毛会射入肺中，导致咳嗽不止。或者用粟秆做成刷子刷去绒毛。
陈藏器说：凡是采得枇杷叶，称湿叶重一两，干燥后的三片叶子重一两，这才算药气充足，可以使用。用粗布擦拭去掉绒毛，再用甘草汤洗一遍，用绵纸再擦干。每一两叶子，涂上二钱半酥油，烤炙后使用。
李时珍说：治疗胃病，用姜汁涂抹后烤炙；治疗肺病，用蜜水涂抹后烤炙，效果很好。
【叶子气味】味苦，性平，无毒。
李当之说：味甘、微辛。陶弘景说：煮汁饮用，则性质稍冷。
【叶子主治】突然哮喘不止，降气，煮汁服用（《名医别录》）。陶弘景说：如果不暇煮，只是咀嚼取汁咽下，也能痊愈。治疗呕吐呃逆不止，妇人产后口干（引自孟诜）。煮汁饮用，主治口渴病，治疗肺气热引起的咳嗽，以及肺风疮、胸面部疮疡。
【发明】李时珍说：枇杷叶，气薄味浓，属于阳中之阴。治疗肺胃的疾病，大多是利用它降气的功效。气降则火降痰顺，那么逆气就不逆，呕吐就不呕吐，口渴就不口渴，咳嗽就不咳嗽了。
苏颂说：治疗肺热咳嗽很有功效。有一位妇女患肺热久咳，身体像被火烤一样，肌肉消瘦快要形成劳损。用枇杷叶、木通、款冬花、紫菀、杏仁、桑白皮各等分，大黄减半。按照常规处理后，研成末，用蜜制成樱桃大小的丸剂。饭后和睡前各含化一丸，还没服完一剂就痊愈了。
【附方】新收七方。
温热病因饮水过多导致的呃逆：枇杷叶（去毛，炙香）、茅根各半斤。水四升，煎至二升，慢慢饮用。
反胃呕吐呃逆：枇杷叶（去毛，炙）、丁香各一两，人参二两。研成末，每次服用三钱，用水一盏，生姜三片煎服。
鼻出血不止：枇杷叶（去毛），焙干研末。茶送服一、二钱，每日两次。（同上）
酒渣鼻赤红：枇杷叶、栀子仁等分。研成末。每次服用二钱，温酒调服。每日三次。（《本事方》）
面部风疮：方剂同上。
痔疮肿痛：枇杷叶（蜜炙）、乌梅肉（焙干）。研成末。先用乌梅汤清洗患处，然后贴敷。（《集验方》）
【花】
【主治】头风，鼻流清涕。辛夷等分，研成末，酒送服二钱，每日两次（李时珍）。
【树干白皮】
(Recorded in the Middle Category of *Bie Lu*)
**[Names]** Su Song stated: Its leaves resemble a pipa (a Chinese lute), hence the name.
**[Collection and Explanation]** Su Song stated: Loquat (*Eriobotryae Fructus*), previously unrecorded regarding its place of origin, is now found in Xiangyang, Han River, Wu, Shu, Fujian, Lingnan, southern Jiangxi, and northern Hunan. The tree grows over one zhang high, with thick branches and long leaves, large as donkey ears, covered with yellow hairs on the back; the shade is dense and graceful, pleasing to the eye, remaining evergreen throughout the four seasons. It blooms with white flowers in deep winter, and bears fruit in the third and fourth lunar months. When raw, it is as large as a pellet; when ripe, its color resembles a yellow apricot, slightly hairy, with very thin skin and flesh, and a pit as large as a thatch chestnut, yellowish-brown. Leaves are harvested in the fourth lunar month and dried in the sun for use.
Li Shizhen stated: According to Guo Yigong's *Guang Zhi*: Loquat is easy to cultivate; its leaves slightly resemble those of the chestnut, flowering in winter and bearing fruit in spring. The fruits grow in clusters and are hairy, ripening in April; large ones are like chicken eggs, small ones like longans. White-fleshed varieties are superior, while yellow-fleshed ones are inferior. Varieties without pits are called "Jiaozi" and originate from Guangzhou. Furthermore, Yang Wanli's poem states: "Large leaves stand up like long ears, one branch can fill a plate. Lychees share their pits, but kumquats lack sourness." This describes the plant quite accurately. Annotators of *Wen Xuan* mistakenly identified loquat as Luju (Loquat). See the entry for Kumquat (*Fortunellae Fructus*).
**[Fruit Properties and Flavor]** Sweet, sour, neutral, non-toxic.
Xu Zhicai stated: Cold. Chen Cangqi stated: Warm. Excessive consumption induces phlegm-heat and damages the Spleen. Consuming it with roasted meat or hot wheat-based foods causes people to suffer from heat-toxin jaundice.
**[Fruit Indications]** Stops thirst and directs Qi downward, benefits Lung Qi, stops vomiting and rebellious Qi, treats Upper Jiao Heat, and moistens the Five Zang Organs (cited from Meng Shen).
**[Leaves]**
**[Processing]** Tao Hongjing stated: Whenever using Loquat leaves, they must be roasted over fire and wiped with cloth to remove the hairs. Otherwise, the hairs will penetrate the Lungs, causing persistent cough. Alternatively, use millet stalks to make a brush to sweep off the hairs.
Chen Cangqi stated: Upon harvesting, weigh one tael of wet leaves; three dry leaves weighing one tael indicate sufficient medicinal Qi and are suitable for use. Wipe off the hairs with coarse cloth, wash once with Licorice Decoction (*Gancao Tang*), then wipe dry with cotton. For every one tael of leaves, apply two qian and half of su (animal fat/butter), roast, and then use.
Li Shizhen stated: To treat Stomach diseases, smear with Ginger Juice (*Shengjiang Zhi*) before roasting; to treat Lung diseases, smear with Honey Water (*Mi Shui*) before roasting; this is excellent.
**[Leaf Properties and Flavor]** Bitter, neutral, non-toxic.
Li Dangzhi stated: Sweet, slightly pungent. Tao Hongjing stated: Boiling into juice and drinking makes it slightly cold.
**[Leaf Indications]** Sudden asthma not stopping, directs Qi downward, boil juice and take orally (*Bie Lu*). Tao Hongjing stated: If time does not permit boiling, simply chew and swallow the juice, which also cures. Treats persistent vomiting and hiccups, and dry mouth in women postpartum (cited from Meng Shen). Boil juice and drink to treat thirst disorders, treat cough due to Lung Heat, and treat Lung Wind sores and sores on the chest and face.
**[Elucidation]** Li Shizhen stated: Loquat Leaf (*Pipalaye*), with thin Qi and strong flavor, belongs to Yin within Yang. In treating Lung and Stomach diseases, its primary utility lies in its ability to direct Qi downward. When Qi descends, Fire descends and Phlegm flows smoothly; thus, rebellious Qi ceases to rebel, vomiting ceases, thirst ceases, and coughing ceases.
Su Song stated: It is highly effective in treating severe cough due to Lung Heat. A woman suffered from chronic cough due to Lung Heat, her body feeling like being roasted by fire, muscles emaciated, approaching consumptive disease. Using equal parts of Loquat Leaf (*Pipalaye*), Wood Tongue Root (*Mutong*), Winter Flower Bud (*Kuandonghua*), Aster Root (*Ziwan*), Apricot Seed (*Xingren*), and Mulberry Root Bark (*Sangbaipi*), with half the amount of Rhubarb (*Dahuang*). After processing as usual, grind into powder, form pills the size of cherries using honey. Contone one pill after meals and before sleep. She was cured before finishing the dosage.
**[Attached Prescriptions]** Seven new prescriptions.
**Warm disease with hiccups caused by excessive water intake:** Loquat Leaf (hairs removed, roasted until fragrant) and Imperata Rhizome (*Maogen*) each 0.5 jin. Four sheng of water, decoct to two sheng, drink slowly.
**Rebellious stomach with vomiting and hiccups:** Loquat Leaf (hairs removed, roasted) and Clove (*Dingxiang*) each 1 liang, Ginseng (*Renshen*) 2 liang. Grind into powder, take 3 qian per dose, decoct with one cup of water and three slices of Ginger.
**Persistent epistaxis:** Loquat Leaf (hairs removed), roast and grind into powder. Take 1-2 qian with tea, twice daily. (Same source)
**Alcoholic rhinophyma (red nose):** Loquat Leaf and Gardenia Seed (*Zhizi Ren*) in equal parts. Grind into powder. Take 2 qian per dose, mixed with warm wine. Three times daily. (*Ben Shi Fang*)
**Facial wind sores:** Prescription same as above.
**Hemorrhoids with swelling and pain:** Loquat Leaf (roasted with honey) and Dark Plum Flesh (*Wumei Rou*) (roasted). Grind into powder. First wash the area with Dark Plum Decoction, then apply externally. (*Ji Yao*)
**Ulcerated smallpox:** Loquat Leaf, decoct in water and wash the affected area. (*Zhai Xuan*)
**[Flowers]**
**[Indications]** Head wind, clear nasal discharge. Equal parts of Magnolia Flower (*Xinyi*), grind into powder, take 2 qian with wine, twice daily (Li Shizhen).
**[Inner Bark of Trunk]**
**[Indications]** Chew raw and swallow the juice to stop vomiting, rebellious Qi, and inability to eat; decoct in water, cool, and drink; especially good (Sun Simiao).