（《唐本草》）
【校正】并入《拾遗》小天蓼。
【释名】时珍曰∶其树高而味辛如蓼，故名。又马蓼亦名天蓼而物异。
【集解】恭曰∶木天蓼所在皆有，生山谷中。今安州、申州作藤蔓，叶似柘，花白，子
如枣许，无定形，中瓤似茄子，味辛，啖之以当姜、蓼。
藏器曰∶木蓼，今时所用出山南凤州。树高如冬青，不凋。不当以藤天蓼为注，既云
木蓼，岂是藤生？自有藤蓼耳。藤蓼生江南、淮南山中，藤着树生，叶如梨，光而薄，子如
枣，即苏恭以为木天蓼者。又有小天蓼，生天目山、四明山，树如栀子，冬月不凋，野兽食
之。是有三天蓼，俱能逐风，而小者为胜。
颂曰∶木天蓼今出信阳。木高二、三丈。三月、四月开花似柘花。五月采子，子作球形
似麻，子可藏作果食。苏恭所说自是藤天蓼也。
时珍曰∶天蓼虽有三种，而功用仿佛，盖一类也。其子可为烛，其芽可食。故陆机云∶
木蓼为烛，明如胡麻。薛田《咏蜀诗》有“地丁叶嫩和岚采，天蓼芽新入粉煎”之句。
枝叶
【气味】辛，温，有小毒。
【主治】症结积聚，风劳虚冷，细切酿酒饮（《唐本》）。
【附方】旧一，新三。
天蓼酒∶治风，立有奇效。木天蓼一斤，去皮细锉，以生绢盛，入好酒三斗浸之，春夏
一七，秋冬二七日。每空心、日午、下晚各温一盏饮。
若常服，只饮一次。老幼临时加减。（《圣惠方》）。
气痢不止∶寒食一百五日，采木蓼曝干。用时为末，粥饮服一钱。（《圣惠方》）。
大风白癞∶天蓼（刮去粗皮，锉）四两，水一斗，煎汁一升，煮糯米作粥，空心食之。
病
在上吐出，在中汗出，在下泄出。避风。又方∶天蓼三斤，天麻一斤半。生锉，以水三斗五
升，煎一斗，去滓，石器慢煎如饧。每服半匙，荆芥、薄荷酒下，日二夜一，一月见效。（《圣
惠方》）
小天蓼
【气味】甘，温，无毒。
【主治】一切风虚羸冷，手足疼痹，无论老幼轻重，浸酒及煮汁服之。十许日，觉皮肤
间风出如虫行（藏器）。
【发明】藏器曰∶木天蓼出深山中，人云久服损寿，以其逐风损气故也。藤天蓼、小天
蓼三者，俱能逐风。
其中优劣，小者为胜。
子
【气味】苦、辛，微热，无毒。
【主治】贼风口面 斜，冷 癖气块，女子虚劳（甄权）。
根
【主治】风虫牙痛，捣丸塞之，连易四、五次，除根。勿咽汁（时珍，出《普济》）。
（出自《唐本草》）
【校正】并入《拾遗》中的小天蓼。
【释名】李时珍说：这种树高大且味道辛辣像蓼草，所以得名。另外马蓼也名叫天蓼，但物产不同。
【集解】苏恭说：木天蓼各地都有生长，生于山谷中。如今安州、申州出产的木天蓼呈藤蔓状，叶子像柘树叶，花是白色的，果实像枣子大小，没有固定形状，中间的瓤像茄子，味道辛辣，食用它可以代替姜和蓼。
陈藏器说：木蓼，现在所用的产自山南凤州。树高像冬青树，冬天不凋谢。不应当把藤天蓼注为木蓼，既然叫木蓼，难道是藤本植物？自然有藤蓼这种植物。藤蓼生长在江南、淮南山中，藤蔓附着在树上生长，叶子像梨叶，光滑而薄，果实像枣子，这就是苏恭所说的木天蓼。还有小天蓼，生长在天目山、四明山，树形像栀子树，冬天不凋谢，野兽吃它。这样就有三种天蓼，都能驱除风邪，其中小者效果更佳。
苏颂说：木天蓼如今产自信阳。树木高二三丈。三月、四月开花，花形像柘花。五月采集果实，果实呈球形像麻籽，果实可以收藏起来当水果吃。苏恭所说的是藤天蓼。
李时珍说：天蓼虽然有三种，但功效相似，大概属于同一类。它的种子可以做蜡烛，它的嫩芽可以食用。所以陆机说：木蓼做蜡烛，光亮得像胡麻。薛田《咏蜀诗》中有“地丁叶嫩和岚采，天蓼芽新入粉煎”的诗句。
枝叶
【气味】味辛，性温，有小毒。
【主治】症结积聚，风劳虚冷，切成细丝酿酒饮用（《唐本草》）。
【附方】旧方一个，新方三个。
天蓼酒：治疗风邪，立刻有奇效。木天蓼一斤，去掉外皮切细，用生绢袋装好，放入三斗好酒中浸泡，春夏浸泡七天，秋冬浸泡十四天。每次空腹、中午、傍晚各温服一盏饮用。
如果是常服，只需饮用一次。老人小孩根据情况加减用量。（《圣惠方》）。
气痢不止：寒食节后的第一百零五天，采集木蓼晒干。用时研成粉末，用米粥送服一钱。（《圣惠方》）。
大风白癞（麻风病）：天蓼（刮去粗皮，切碎）四两，水一斗，煎取汁液一升，煮糯米做成粥，空腹食用。病邪在上部通过呕吐排出，在中部通过出汗排出，在下部通过排泄排出。注意避风。另一个方子：天蓼三斤，天麻一斤半。新鲜切碎，用水三斗五升，煎至一斗，去掉药渣，用石器慢火煎熬如糖浆状。每次服用半匙，用荆芥、薄荷酒送服，每天两次，夜间一次，一个月见效。（《圣惠方》）
【气味】味甘，性温，无毒。
【主治】各种风虚羸弱寒冷，手足疼痛麻木，无论老少轻重，浸泡酒或煮汁服用。十几天后，感觉皮肤间有风邪排出，像虫子爬行一样（陈藏器）。
【发明】陈藏器说：木天蓼产于深山之中，人们说长期服用会折寿，因为它驱除风邪会损耗元气。藤天蓼、小天蓼这三种，都能驱除风邪。
其中优劣之分，小者效果更好。
子
【气味】味苦、辛，性微热，无毒。
根
(From *Tang Bencao*)
[Correction] Merged with *Xiao Tianliao* (Small Knotweed) from *Shiyi*.
[Names] Li Shizhen stated: The tree is tall and its taste is pungent like knotweed (*Polygonum*), hence the name. Additionally, *Ma Lia* (Horse Knotweed) is also called *Tianliao*, but they are different substances.
[Collection of Explanations] Su Gong said: *Mutianliao* (Wooden Knotweed) is found everywhere, growing in mountain valleys. Currently, those produced in Anzhou and Shenxiang grow as vines, with leaves resembling *Zhe* (Morus alba var. australis), white flowers, and fruits about the size of a jujube, without a fixed shape. The pulp inside resembles eggplant; it tastes pungent and can be eaten to substitute for ginger and knotweed.
Chen Zangqi said: *Mubiao* (Wooden Knotweed), as used nowadays, comes from Fengzhou in Shannan. The tree is as tall as holly (*Ilex chinensis*) and does not shed leaves in winter. One should not annotate *Teng Tianliao* (Vine Heavenly Knotweed) as *Mubiao*; since it is called wooden knotweed, how could it be a vine? There naturally exists *Tengbiao* (Vine Knotweed). *Tengbiao* grows in the mountains of Jiangnan and Huainan, climbing trees with vines; its leaves resemble pear leaves, smooth and thin, with fruits like jujubes. This is what Su Gong referred to as *Mutianliao*. There is also *Xiao Tianliao* (Small Heavenly Knotweed), growing in Tianmu Mountain and Siming Mountain. The tree resembles a gardenia, does not shed leaves in winter, and is eaten by wild beasts. Thus, there are three types of *Tianliao*, all capable of dispelling wind, with the small one being superior.
Su Song said: *Mutianliao* is currently produced in Xinyang. The tree is two or three zhang high. It blooms in March and April, with flowers resembling *Zhe* flowers. Fruits are harvested in May; they are spherical like hemp seeds and can be stored and eaten as fruit. What Su Gong described was indeed *Teng Tianliao*.
Li Shizhen said: Although there are three types of *Tianliao*, their functions are similar, suggesting they belong to the same category. Its seeds can be made into candles, and its buds are edible. Therefore, Lu Ji said: "Wooden knotweed makes candles, bright as sesame." Xue Tian's poem "Ode to Shu" contains the line: "Young leaves of groundsel gathered with the mist, fresh buds of heavenly knotweed fried in batter."
Branches and Leaves
[Properties and Flavors] Pungent, warm, slightly toxic.
[Indications] Masses and accumulations due to stagnation, wind-lao deficiency-cold. Cut finely and brewed into wine for drinking (*Tang Bencao*).
[Attached Prescriptions] One old prescription, three new prescriptions.
*Tianliao Jiu* (Heavenly Knotweed Wine): Treats wind disorders, yielding miraculous effects immediately. Take one jin of *Mutianliao*, remove the skin, cut finely, place in a raw silk bag, and soak in three dou of good wine. Soak for seven days in spring and summer, fourteen days in autumn and winter. Warm and drink one cup each time on an empty stomach, at noon, and in the evening.
For regular consumption, drink only once. Adjust dosage according to age and condition for adults and children (*Shenghui Fang*).
Incessant Qi Dysentery: On the 105th day after the Cold Food Festival, harvest *Mutianliao* and dry it in the sun. When needed, grind into powder and take one qian with rice gruel (*Shenghui Fang*).
Great Wind White Leprosy (Leprosy): Four liang of *Tianliao* (scrape off coarse bark, chop), decocted in one dou of water until reduced to one sheng of juice. Cook glutinous rice into porridge with this juice and eat on an empty stomach. Pathogenic factors in the upper part are expelled via vomiting, in the middle via sweating, and in the lower part via defecation. Avoid wind. Another prescription: Three jin of *Tianliao* and one jin and half of *Tianma* (Gastrodia Rhizome). Freshly chopped, decocted in three dou and five sheng of water until reduced to one dou. Strain the dregs, and slowly simmer in a stone vessel until syrup-like. Take half a spoon each time, administered with Jingjie (Schizonepeta) and Bohe (Mint) wine, twice daily and once at night. Effects visible within one month (*Shenghui Fang*).
*Xiao Tianliao* (Small Heavenly Knotweed)
[Properties and Flavors] Sweet, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] All wind-deficiency emaciation and cold, pain and numbness in hands and feet. Suitable for all ages and severities; administer as infused wine or decoction. After about ten days, one may feel wind exiting the skin, resembling insects crawling (Chen Zangqi).
[Elucidation] Chen Zangqi said: *Mutianliao* grows in deep mountains. People say long-term use shortens lifespan because dispelling wind damages qi. Among *Teng Tianliao* and *Xiao Tianliao*, all three can dispel wind. In terms of superiority, the small one is better.
Seeds
[Properties and Flavors] Bitter, pungent, slightly hot, non-toxic.
[Indications] Facial paralysis (wind-stroke deviation of mouth and eyes), cold phlegm masses, female deficiency-lao (Zhen Quan).
Roots
[Indications] Wind-worm toothache. Pound into pills and insert into the affected area. Change four or five times consecutively to eradicate the root cause. Do not swallow the juice (Li Shizhen, from *Puji Fang*).