（宋《开宝》）
【释名】KT （古榛字）。
时珍曰∶案∶罗氏《尔雅翼》云∶《礼记》郑玄注云∶关中甚多此果。关中，秦地也。
榛之从秦，盖取此意。《左传》云∶女贽不过榛、栗、枣、 ，以告虔也。则榛有臻至之义
，以其名告己之虔也。古作KT ，从辛，从木。俗作莘，误矣。莘，音诜。
【集解】志曰∶榛生辽东山谷。树高丈许。子如小栗，军行食之当粮。中土亦有。郑玄
云∶关中 、坊甚多。
颂曰∶桂阳有KT 而丛生，实大如杏子中仁，皮子形色与栗无异，但小耳。
大明曰∶新罗榛子肥白，最良。
时珍曰∶榛树低小如荆，丛生。冬末开花如栎花，成条下垂，长二、三寸。二月生叶如
初生樱桃，叶多皱纹而有细齿及尖。其实作苞，三、五相粘，一苞一实。实如栎实，下壮上
锐，生青熟褐，其壳浓而坚，其仁白而圆，大如杏仁，亦有皮尖，然多空者，故谚云十榛九
空。按∶陆机《诗疏》云∶榛有两种∶一种大小、枝叶、皮树皆如栗，而子小，形如橡子，
味亦如栗，枝茎可以为烛，《诗》所谓树之榛栗者也；一种高丈余，枝叶如木蓼，子作胡桃
味，辽、代、上党甚多
仁
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
【主治】益气力，实肠胃，令人不饥、健行（《开宝》）。止饥，调中开胃，甚验（大明）
（引自宋代《开宝本草》）
【释名】KT（古体“榛”字）。
李时珍说：查考罗愿的《尔雅翼》记载，郑玄在注释《礼记》时说：“关中地区非常多种植这种果实。”关中，就是秦地的范围。榛字的从“秦”而来，大概取的就是这个意思。《左传》中说：“女子进献的礼物不过是榛、栗、枣、脯，以此表示虔诚。”那么榛有“臻至”（到达、完备）的含义，是用它的名字来告知自己的虔诚。古时候写作KT，由“辛”和“木”组成。俗体字写作“莘”，这是错误的。“莘”读音为shēn。
【集解】苏颂说：榛生长在辽东的山谷中。树高约一丈左右。果实像小栗子，军队行军时吃它可以当作粮食。中原地区也有生长。郑玄说：“关中地区的榛子非常多。”
寇宗奭说：桂阳地区有丛生的一种榛，果实大如杏子中的果仁，果皮和果实的颜色形状与栗子没有区别，只是比较小而已。
李时珍说：榛树低矮细小像荆条一样，呈丛生状。冬末开花，花形像栎树的花，成串下垂，长度二、三寸。二月长出叶子，像刚长出的樱桃叶，叶片多皱纹且有细齿及尖端。果实包裹在苞片中，三到五个粘连在一起，一个苞片里有一个果实。果实形状像栎树的果实，下部粗壮上部尖锐，生时青色熟时褐色，壳厚而坚硬，果仁白色且圆润，大小如杏仁，也有带尖皮的，但大多空心，所以谚语说“十个榛子九个空”。按：陆机在《毛诗草木鸟兽虫鱼疏》中说：榛有两种：一种大小、枝叶、树皮都与栗子相似，但果实较小，形状像橡子，味道也像栗子，枝条茎干可以用作蜡烛，《诗经》中所说的“种植榛栗”指的就是这种；另一种树高一丈多，枝叶像木蓼，果实味道像胡桃，在辽州、代州、上党等地非常多。
【气味】味甘，性平，无毒。
【主治】益气力，充实肠胃，使人不感到饥饿、行走有力（出自《开宝本草》）。止饥，调和脾胃、开胃，效果显著（出自唐慎微/《嘉祐本草》）。
(Sourced from the Song Dynasty *Kaibao Bencao*)
[Names] KT (Ancient character for "Zhen").
Li Shizhen states: According to Luo Yuan's *Erya Yi*, Zheng Xuan, in his commentary on the *Book of Rites* (*Liji*), noted: "This fruit is very abundant in the Guanzhong region." Guanzhong refers to the land of Qin. The character "Zhen" containing the component "Qin" likely derives from this meaning. The *Zuo Zhuan* states: "The gift presented by a woman consists only of Zhen, chestnuts, dates, and dried meat, to show piety." Thus, Zhen carries the meaning of "attainment" or "arrival," using its name to convey one's sincerity. In ancient times, it was written as KT, composed of "Xin" (spicy/pungent) and "Mu" (wood). The vernacular form "Shen" is incorrect. "Shen" is pronounced shēn.
[Collection and Explanation] Su Song stated: Zhen grows in the valleys of Liaodong. The tree is about one zhang (approx. 3.3 meters) high. The nuts are like small chestnuts; soldiers eat them during marches as rations. It also grows in the Central Plains. Zheng Xuan said: "Zhen fruits are very numerous in the Guanzhong area."
Kou Zongshi stated: In Guiyang, there is a variety of Zhen that grows in clusters. The fruits are as large as apricot kernels; the skin and nut color and shape are indistinguishable from chestnuts, except that they are smaller.
Tang Shenwei (Daming) stated: Zhen nuts from Silla are plump and white, and are of the best quality.
Li Shizhen stated: The Zhen tree is low and small, resembling brambles, and grows in clusters. It flowers at the end of winter, with catkins similar to those of oak trees, hanging down in strands two to three cun long. Leaves emerge in the second lunar month, resembling young cherry leaves; the leaves are wrinkled with fine teeth and pointed tips. The fruits are enclosed in husks, adhering in groups of three to five, with one fruit per husk. The nut resembles an acorn: stout at the base and tapering at the apex; green when raw and brown when ripe. The shell is thick and hard; the kernel is white and round, about the size of an almond, sometimes retaining the pellicle. However, many are hollow, hence the proverb says, "Nine out of ten Zhen nuts are empty." Note: Lu Ji, in his *Commentary on the Book of Songs* (*Shi Shu*), stated that there are two types of Zhen: one type has size, branches, leaves, and bark similar to chestnuts, but the nuts are smaller, shaped like acorns, and taste like chestnuts; its branches can be used as candles, which corresponds to the line in the *Book of Songs*: "Planting Zhen and Chestnuts." The other type grows over one zhang high, with leaves resembling *Polygonum tinctorium* (Wood Knotweed), and nuts tasting like walnuts. This type is abundant in Liaozhou, Daizhou, and Shangdang.
[Properties and Flavor] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications] Tonifies qi and strengthens strength, consolidates the stomach and intestines, prevents hunger, and promotes vigorous walking (*Kaibao Bencao*). Relieves hunger, harmonizes the middle jiao, and opens the appetite, with significant efficacy (Tang Shenwei / *Jiayou Bencao*).