（《本经》中品）
【释名】苦 （《本经》）、苦骨（《纲目》）、地槐（《别录》）、水槐（《本经》）、菟槐
（《别录》）、骄槐（《别录》）、野槐（《纲目》）、白茎（《别录》，又名芩茎、禄白、陵郎、
虎
【集解】《别录》曰∶苦参，生汝南山谷及田野。三月、八月、十月采根，曝干。
弘景曰∶近道处处有之。叶极似槐叶，花黄色，子作荚，根味至苦恶。颂曰∶其根黄色，
长五、七寸许，两指粗细。三、五茎并生，苗高三、四尺以来，叶碎青色，极似槐叶，春生
冬凋，其花黄白色，七月结实如小豆子。河北生者无花子。五月、六月、八月、十月采根，
曝干。
时珍曰∶七、八月结角如萝卜子，角内有子二、三粒，如小豆而坚。
根
【修治】 曰∶采根，用糯米浓泔汁浸一宿，其腥秽气并浮在水面上，须重重淘过，即
蒸之，从巳至申，取晒切用。
【气味】苦，寒，无毒。之才曰∶玄参为之使，恶贝母、菟丝、漏芦，反藜芦。时珍曰∶
伏汞，制雌黄、焰硝。
【主治】心腹结气，症瘕积聚，黄胆，溺
本经》）。养肝胆气，安五脏，平胃气，令人嗜食轻身，定志益精，利九窍，除伏热肠 ，
止渴醒酒，小便黄赤，疗恶疮、下部蚀（《别录》）。渍酒饮，治疥杀虫（弘景）。治恶虫、胫
酸（苏恭）。治热毒风，皮肌烦躁生疮，赤癞眉脱，除大热嗜睡，治腹中冷痛，中恶腹痛（甄
权）。杀疳虫。炒存性，米饮服，治肠风泻血并热痢（《大明》）。
【发明】元素曰∶苦参，味苦，气沉，纯阴，足少阴肾经君药也。治本经须用，能逐湿。
颂曰∶古今方用治风热疮疹最多。
宗 曰∶沈存中《笔谈》，载其苦腰重，久坐不能行。有一将佐曰∶此乃病齿数年，
用苦参揩齿，其气味入齿伤肾所致也。后有太常少卿舒昭亮，亦用苦参揩齿，岁久亦病腰。
自后悉不用之，腰疾皆愈。此皆方书不载者。震亨曰∶苦参能峻补阴气，或得之而致腰重者
，因其气降而不升也，非伤肾之谓也。其治大风有功，况风热细疹乎？时珍曰∶子午乃少阴
君火对化，故苦参、黄柏之苦寒，皆能补肾。盖取其苦燥湿、寒除热也。热生风，湿生虫，
故又能治风杀虫。惟肾水弱而相火胜者，用之相宜。若火衰精冷，真元不足，及年高之人，
不可用也。《素问》云∶五味入胃，各归其所喜攻，久而增气，物化之常也。气增而久，夭
之由也。王冰注云∶入肝为温，入心为热，入肺为清，入肾为寒，入脾为至阴而兼四气，皆
为增其味而益其气，各从本脏之气。故久服黄连、苦参而反热者，此其类也。气增不已，则
脏气有偏胜，偏胜则脏有偏绝，故有暴夭。是以药不具五味，不备四气，而久服之，虽且获
胜，久必暴夭。但人疏忽，不能精候尔。张从正亦云∶凡药皆毒也。虽甘草、苦参，不可不
谓之毒。久服则五味各归其脏，必有偏胜气增之患。诸药皆然，学人当触类而长之可也。至
于饮食亦然。又按∶《史记》云∶太仓公淳于意医齐大夫病龋齿，灸左手阳明脉，以苦参汤
日漱三升，出入五六日，其风愈。此亦取其去风气湿热、杀虫之义。
【附方】旧十，新一十八。热病狂邪，不避水火，欲杀人。苦参末，蜜丸梧子大。每服
十丸，薄荷汤下。亦可为末，二钱，水煎服。（《千金方》）伤寒结胸∶天行病四、五日，结
胸满痛壮热。苦参一两，以醋三升，煮取一升二合，饮之取吐，即愈。天行毒病，非苦参、
醋药不解，及温覆取汗良。（《外台秘要》）
谷疸食劳∶食毕头旋，心怫郁不安而发黄。由失饥大食，胃气冲熏所致。苦参三两，龙
胆
小儿身热∶苦参，煎汤，浴之良。（《外台秘要》）毒热足肿作痛欲脱者。苦参，煮酒渍
之。（姚僧坦《集验方》）
梦遗食减∶白色苦参三两，白术五两，牡蛎粉四两。为末。用雄猪肚一具，冼净，砂罐
煮烂，石臼捣和药，干则入汁，丸小豆大。每服四十丸，米汤下，日三服。久服身肥食进，
而梦遗立止。（刘松石《保寿堂方》）小腹热痛，青黑或赤色，不能喘者。苦参一两，醋一升
半，煎八合，分二服。（张杰《子
中恶心痛∶苦参三两。苦酒一升半，煮取八合，分二服。（《肘后方》）饮食中毒，鱼肉
菜等毒。上方煎服，取吐即愈。（《梅师方》）
血痢不止∶苦参炒焦为末，水丸梧子大。每服十五丸，米饮下。（孙氏《仁存堂方》）
大肠脱肛∶苦参、五倍子、陈壁土等分。煎汤洗之，以木贼末敷之。（《医方摘要》）
妊娠尿难∶方见贝母下。产后露风，四肢苦烦热、头痛者，与小柴胡；头不痛者，用苦
参二两，黄芩一两，生地黄
齿缝出血∶苦参一两，枯矾一钱。为末，日三揩之，立验。（《普济方》）
龋齿风痛∶方见发明下。鼻疮脓臭，有虫也。苦参、枯矾一两，生地黄汁三合。水二盏，
煎三合，少少滴之。（《普济方》）肺热生疮，遍身皆是。用苦参末，粟米饮，丸梧子大。每
服五十丸。空心米饮下。（《御
遍身风疹∶痒痛不可忍，胸颈脐腹及近隐皆然者，亦多涎痰，夜不得睡。用苦参末一两，
皂角二两。水一升，揉滤取汁。银石器熬成膏，和末丸梧子大。每服三十丸，食后温水服，
次日便愈。（寇宗 《衍义》）
大风癞疾∶颂曰∶用苦参五两（切）。以好酒三斗渍三十日。每饮一合，日三服，常服
不绝。若觉痹，即瘥。张子和《儒门事亲》∶用苦参末二两，以猪肚盛之，缝合煮熟，取出
去药。先饿一日，次早先饮新水一盏，将猪肚食之，如吐再食。待一、二时，以肉汤调无忧
散五、七钱服，取出大、小虫一、二万为效。后以不蛀皂角一斤，去皮子，煮汁，入苦参末
调糊。下何首乌末二两，防风末一两半，当归末一两，芍药末五钱，人参末三钱，丸梧子大。
每服三、五十丸，温酒或茶下，日三服。仍用麻黄、苦参、荆芥煎水洗之。《圣济总录》苦
参丸∶治大风癞及热毒风疮疥癣。苦参（九月末掘取，去皮曝干，取粉）一斤，枳壳（麸炒）
六两。为末，蜜丸。每温酒下三十丸，日二夜一服。一方∶去枳壳。肾脏风毒及心肺积热，
皮肤生疥癞，瘙痒时出黄水，及大风手足坏烂，一切风疾。苦参三十二两，荆芥穗一十六两。
为末，水糊丸梧子大。每服三十丸，茶下。（《和剂局方》）上下诸 ，或在项，或在下部。
用苦参五升。苦酒一斗，渍三、四日服之，以知为度。（《肘后方》）鼠 恶疮∶苦参二斤，
露蜂房二两，曲二斤。水三斗，渍二宿，去滓，入黍米二升，酿熟，稍饮，日三次。（《肘
后方》）
下部漏疮∶苦参煎汤，日日洗之。（《直指方》）瘰 结核∶苦参四两捣末。牛膝汁丸绿
豆大。每暖水下二十丸。（张文仲《备急方》）
汤火伤灼∶苦参末，油调敷之。（《卫生宝鉴》）
赤白带下∶苦参二两，牡蛎粉一两五钱。为末。以雄猪肚一个，水三碗煮烂，捣泥和丸
梧子大。每服百丸，温酒下。（陆氏《积德堂方》）实（十月收采）
【气味】同根。
【主治】久服轻身不老，明目。饵如槐子法，有验（苏恭）。
（收录于《神农本草经》中品）
【释名】苦参（《神农本草经》）、苦骨（《本草纲目》）、地槐（《名医别录》）、水槐（《神农本草经》）、菟槐（《名医别录》）、骄槐（《名医别录》）、野槐（《本草纲目》）、白茎（《名医别录》，又名芩茎、禄白、陵郎、虎……）
【集解】《名医别录》记载：苦参，生长在汝南的山谷及田野间。三月、八月、十月采集根部，晒干。
陶弘景说：各地都有生长。叶子极像槐树叶，花黄色，果实结荚，根部味道极苦且气味难闻。
苏颂说：其根呈黄色，长约五、七寸左右，粗细如两指。三、五根并生，苗高三、四尺以上，叶碎青色，极像槐树叶，春天生长冬天凋谢，花黄白色，七月结籽像小豆子。河北生长的没有花和籽。五月、六月、八月、十月采集根部，晒干。
李时珍说：七、八月结角像萝卜子，角内有两、三粒籽，像小豆但质地坚硬。
【修治】雷敩说：采集根部，用浓糯米泔水浸泡一夜，腥秽之气都浮在水面上，必须反复淘洗，然后蒸制，从巳时到申时，取出晒干切片使用。
【气味】味苦，性寒，无毒。徐之才说：玄参为引经药，忌与贝母、菟丝子、漏芦同用，反藜芦。李时珍说：能伏汞，可制约雌黄、焰硝。
【主治】治疗心腹结气、症瘕积聚、黄疸、小便不利（《神农本草经》）。滋养肝胆之气，安定五脏，调和胃气，使人食欲增加、身体轻便，定志益精，通利九窍，清除肠道伏热，止渴醒酒，治疗小便黄赤，疗治恶疮、下部蚀烂（《名医别录》）。浸酒饮用，治疗疥癣杀虫（陶弘景）。治疗恶虫、小腿酸痛（苏恭）。治疗热毒风、皮肤肌肉烦躁生疮、赤癞眉脱，清除大热嗜睡，治疗腹中冷痛、中恶腹痛（甄权）。杀灭疳虫。炒至存性，米汤送服，治疗肠风泻血及热痢（《大明本草》）。
【发明】张元素说：苦参，味苦，气沉，纯阴，是足少阴肾经的君药。治疗本经疾病必须使用，能驱逐湿气。
苏颂说：古今方剂多用其治疗风热疮疹。
寇宗奭说：沈括《笔谈》记载，有人因腰重久坐不能行走。有一位将佐说：这是患龋齿数年，用苦参擦牙，其气味入齿伤肾所致。后来太常少卿舒昭亮，也用苦参擦牙，时间久了也得了腰痛。从此大家都不再使用，腰痛病都好了。这些都是医书未记载的。朱震亨说：苦参能峻补阴气，有人服用后导致腰重，是因为其气下降而不升，并非伤肾。它治疗大风有功，何况是风热细疹呢？李时珍说：子午之时对应少阴君火对化，所以苦参、黄柏的苦寒之性，都能补肾。大概取其苦能燥湿、寒能除热的功效。热生风，湿生虫，所以又能治风杀虫。只有肾水弱而相火胜的人，使用才适宜。如果火衰精冷，真元不足，以及年老之人，不可使用。《素问》说：五味入胃，各归其所喜攻之处，久服则增气，这是物化的一般规律。气增久了，是夭折的原因。王冰注释说：入肝为温，入心为热，入肺为清，入肾为寒，入脾为至阴兼有四气，都是增加其味而增益其气，各自顺应本脏之气。所以久服黄连、苦参反而发热，就是这一类情况。气增不已，则脏气有偏胜，偏胜则脏气有偏绝，所以会突然夭折。因此药物不具备五味，不备四气，久服虽然暂时获胜，长久必致暴死。只是人疏忽，不能精细观察罢了。张从正也说：凡是药都是毒。即使是甘草、苦参，也不能不称为毒。久服则五味各归其脏，必有偏胜气增的祸患。诸药皆然，学者应当触类旁通。至于饮食也是如此。又按：《史记》记载：太仓公淳于意医治齐国大夫患龋齿，灸左手阳明脉，用苦参汤每天漱口三升，出入五六天，其风邪痊愈。这也是取其去除风气湿热、杀虫的意义。
【附方】旧方十个，新方十八个。热病狂邪，不避水火，想杀人。苦参末，蜜丸如梧子大。每次服十丸，薄荷汤送下。也可研为末，二钱，水煎服。（《千金方》）伤寒结胸：天行病四、五天，结胸满痛壮热。苦参一两，用醋三升，煮取一升二合，饮下催吐，即愈。天行毒病，非苦参、醋药不解，以及温覆取汗良好。（《外台秘要》）
谷疸食劳：吃完饭后头晕，心中烦闷不安而发黄。由失饥暴食，胃气冲熏所致。苦参三两，龙胆……
小儿身热：苦参，煎汤，洗澡良好。（《外台秘要》）毒热足肿作痛欲脱者。苦参，煮酒浸泡。（姚僧坦《集验方》）
梦遗食减：白色苦参三两，白术五两，牡蛎粉四两。研为末。用雄猪肚一个，洗净，砂罐煮烂，石臼捣和药，干则加入汁液，丸小豆大。每次服四十丸，米汤送下，每日三次。久服身体肥壮食欲进，而梦遗立即停止。（刘松石《保寿堂方》）小腹热痛，青黑或赤色，不能喘者。苦参一两，醋一升半，煎八合，分两次服。（张杰《子……）
中恶心痛：苦参三两。苦酒一升半，煮取八合，分两次服。（《肘后方》）饮食中毒，鱼肉菜等毒。上方煎服，催吐即愈。（《梅师方》）
血痢不止：苦参炒焦为末，水丸梧子大。每次服十五丸，米饮送下。（孙氏《仁存堂方》）
大肠脱肛：苦参、五倍子、陈壁土等分。煎汤洗之，以木贼末敷之。（《医方摘要》）
妊娠尿难：方见贝母下。产后露风，四肢苦烦热、头痛者，与小柴胡；头不痛者，用苦参二两，黄芩一两，生地黄……
齿缝出血：苦参一两，枯矾一钱。研为末，每日三次揩之，立验。（《普济方》）
龋齿风痛：方见发明下。鼻疮脓臭，有虫也。苦参、枯矾一两，生地黄汁三合。水二盏，煎三合，少量滴之。（《普济方》）肺热生疮，遍身皆是。用苦参末，粟米饮，丸梧子大。每次服五十丸。空腹米饮送下。（《御……）
遍身风疹：痒痛不可忍，胸颈脐腹及近隐处皆然者，也多涎痰，夜不得睡。用苦参末一两，皂角二两。水一升，揉滤取汁。银石器熬成膏，和末丸梧子大。每次服三十丸，食后温水服，次日便愈。（寇宗奭《衍义》）
大风癞疾：苏颂说：用苦参五两（切）。用好酒三斗浸泡三十日。每次饮一合，每日三次，常服不绝。若觉痹，即愈。张子和《儒门事亲》：用苦参末二两，用猪肚盛之，缝合煮熟，取出弃药。先饿一日，次早先饮新水一盏，将猪肚食之，如吐再食。待一、二时，以肉汤调无忧散五、七钱服，取出大、小虫一、二万为效。后用不蛀皂角一斤，去皮子，煮汁，入苦参末调糊。下何首乌末二两，防风末一两半，当归末一两，芍药末五钱，人参末三钱，丸梧子大。每次服三、五十丸，温酒或茶送下，每日三次。仍用麻黄、苦参、荆芥煎水洗之。《圣济总录》苦参丸：治大风癞及热毒风疮疥癣。苦参（九月末掘取，去皮曝干，取粉）一斤，枳壳（麸炒）六两。研为末，蜜丸。每次温酒送下三十丸，日二夜一服。一方：去枳壳。肾脏风毒及心肺积热，皮肤生疥癞，瘙痒时出黄水，及大风手足坏烂，一切风疾。苦参三十二两，荆芥穗一十六两。研为末，水糊丸梧子大。每次服三十丸，茶送下。（《和剂局方》）上下诸……，或在项，或在下部。用苦参五升。苦酒一斗，浸泡三、四天服之，以知为度。（《肘后方》）鼠……恶疮：苦参二斤，露蜂房二两，曲二斤。水三斗，浸泡两宿，去滓，入黍米二升，酿熟，稍饮，每日三次。（《肘后方》）
下部漏疮：苦参煎汤，日日洗之。（《直指方》）瘰……结核：苦参四两捣末。牛膝汁丸绿豆大。每次暖水下二十丸。（张文仲《备急方》）
汤火伤灼：苦参末，油调敷之。（《卫生宝鉴》）
赤白带下：苦参二两，牡蛎粉一两五钱。研为末。用雄猪肚一个，水三碗煮烂，捣泥和丸梧子大。每次服百丸，温酒送下。（陆氏《积德堂方》）实（十月收采）
【气味】同根。
【主治】久服轻身不老，明目。饵如槐子法，有验（苏恭）。
(Recorded in the Middle Category of *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
**[Names]** Kushen (*Shennong Bencao Jing*), Kugu (*Bencao Gangmu*), Dihuai (*Mingyi Bielu*), Shuihuai (*Shennong Bencao Jing*), Tuhuai (*Mingyi Bielu*), Jiaohuai (*Mingyi Bielu*), Yehuai (*Bencao Gangmu*), Baisheng (*Mingyi Bielu*, also known as Qinsheng, Lubai, Linglang, Hu...)
**[Collection and Description]** *Mingyi Bielu* records: Kushen grows in the valleys and fields of Runan. The roots are harvested in March, August, and October, and dried in the sun.
Tao Hongjing states: It is found everywhere near inhabited areas. The leaves closely resemble those of the locust tree (*Sophora japonica*), the flowers are yellow, the fruit forms pods, and the root tastes extremely bitter with an unpleasant odor.
Su Song states: The root is yellow, about five to seven cun long, and as thick as two fingers. Three to five stems grow together, with seedlings reaching three to four chi in height. The leaves are fragmented green, resembling locust leaves; they sprout in spring and wither in winter. The flowers are yellow-white, and seeds form in July like small beans. Those growing in Hebei have no flowers or seeds. Roots are harvested in May, June, August, and October, and dried.
Li Shizhen states: In July and August, it forms pods like radish seeds, containing two or three seeds per pod, hard like small beans.
**[Processing]** Lei Xiao states: Harvest the roots, soak them overnight in strong rice washing water. The fishy and foul odors will float on the surface. Wash repeatedly until clean, then steam from Si hour (9-11 AM) to Shen hour (3-5 PM). Take out, dry, and slice for use.
**[Flavor and Properties]** Bitter, cold, non-toxic. Xu Zhicai states: Xuan Shen acts as a guide drug. It is incompatible with Beimu, Tusizi, and Loulu, and opposes Lilu. Li Shizhen states: It can fix mercury and neutralize Fuhuang (Realgar mixed with arsenic) and Yanxiao (Saltpeter).
**[Indications]** Treats heart and abdominal qi stagnation, zhijia masses (accumulations), jaundice, and dysuria (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Nourishes liver and gallbladder qi, calms the five zang organs, harmonizes stomach qi, increases appetite, lightens the body, stabilizes the mind and benefits essence, unblocks the nine orifices, clears latent heat from the intestines, stops thirst, awakens from alcohol intoxication, treats yellow-red urine, and heals malignant sores and erosion of the lower parts (*Mingyi Bielu*). Infused in wine and drunk, it treats tinea and kills parasites (Tao Hongjing). Treats harmful insects and soreness in the shins (Su Gong). Treats wind-heat toxicity, irritability of skin and muscles with sores, erythema elephaniasis with eyebrow loss, clears severe heat and lethargy, treats cold pain in the abdomen, and abdominal pain from evil invasion (Zhen Quan). Kills gan worms. Stir-fried until carbonized and taken with rice water, it treats intestinal wind bleeding and bloody diarrhea due to heat (*Daming Bencao*).
**[Elucidation]** Zhang Yuansu states: Kushen is bitter, its qi sinks, it is purely yin, and is the sovereign drug of the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian. It must be used for diseases of this meridian and can expel dampness.
Su Song states: Ancient and modern formulas use it most frequently to treat wind-heat sores and rashes.
Kou Zongshi states: Shen Kuo's *Brush Talks* records a case of heavy waist and inability to walk after sitting for long periods. A military officer said: This was caused by treating dental caries for years using Kushen to brush teeth; its qi entered the teeth and damaged the kidneys. Later, Shu Zhaoliang, Vice Minister of Ceremonies, also used Kushen to brush his teeth and developed back pain after many years. Everyone stopped using it afterwards, and their back pains healed. These cases were not recorded in medical books. Zhu Zhenheng states: Kushen can vigorously tonify yin qi. If someone experiences heavy waist after taking it, it is because its qi descends rather than ascends, not because it damages the kidneys. It is effective for major wind diseases, let alone minor wind-heat rashes? Li Shizhen states: Zi-Wu corresponds to the counter-transformation of Shaoyin Ministerial Fire. Therefore, the bitter-cold nature of Kushen and Huangbai can both benefit the kidneys. This is likely due to bitterness drying dampness and cold clearing heat. Heat generates wind, and dampness generates worms, so it can also treat wind and kill parasites. It is suitable only for those with weak kidney water and victorious ministerial fire. If fire is deficient, essence is cold, true yuan is insufficient, or for elderly people, it should not be used. *Suwen* says: The five flavors enter the stomach and return to their preferred organs. Long-term use increases qi, which is the normal transformation of substances. However, if qi increases for too long, it leads to premature death. Wang Bing annotates: Entering the liver makes it warm, entering the heart makes it hot, entering the lung makes it clear, entering the kidney makes it cold, and entering the spleen makes it extreme yin with mixed four qi. All increase their flavor to benefit their qi, following the qi of their respective organs. Thus, long-term use of Huanglian and Kushen may cause heat, which is of this category. If qi increases endlessly, organ qi becomes excessive; excess leads to organ deficiency, causing sudden death. Therefore, drugs lacking the five flavors and four qi, when used long-term, may win temporarily but lead to sudden death eventually. People are negligent and fail to observe carefully. Zhang Congzheng also said: All medicines are toxic. Even Gancao and Kushen cannot be called non-toxic. Long-term use causes the five flavors to return to their organs, leading to excessive qi and harm. This applies to all medicines; scholars should extend this logic. The same applies to diet. Furthermore, *Records of the Grand Historian* records: Chunyu Yi, the Grand Granary Doctor, treated a Qi minister's dental caries by moxa-burning the left Yangming pulse and rinsing daily with Kushen decoction (three sheng). After five to six days, the wind pathogen was cured. This also utilizes its meaning of removing wind-damp-heat and killing parasites.
**[Attached Formulas]** Ten old formulas, eighteen new formulas.
For manic delirium from heat disease, ignoring fire and water, wanting to kill: Kushen powder, honey pills sized like wutong seeds. Take ten pills each time, washed down with mint tea. Alternatively, take two qian of powder, decocted in water. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Shanghan chest binding: Tianxing disease for 4-5 days, chest binding with fullness, pain, and high fever. Kushen one liang, boiled in three sheng of vinegar to obtain one sheng two he. Drink to induce vomiting, then cured. Tianxing toxic diseases cannot be resolved without Kushen and vinegar medicine; covering warmly to induce sweat is good. (*Waitai Miyao*)
Gu Dan food labor: Dizziness after eating, depression and unease in the heart leading to yellowing. Caused by irregular hunger and overeating, with stomach qi rushing upward. Kushen three liang, Longdan...
Pediatric body heat: Kushen, decocted in water for bathing is good. (*Waitai Miyao*) Toxic heat causing swollen painful feet threatening to detach: Kushen, soaked in boiled wine. (Yao Sengtan *Jiyan Fang*)
Nocturnal emission and reduced appetite: White Kushen three liang, Baizhu five liang, Moli powder four liang. Powdered. Use one male pig stomach, wash clean, boil soft in a clay pot, pound with mortar to mix medicine. Add juice if dry. Pill size of mung beans. Take forty pills each time, washed down with rice soup, three times a day. Long-term use leads to fat body and increased appetite, while nocturnal emission stops immediately. (Liu Songshi *Baoshou Tang Fang*) Lower abdominal heat pain, blue-black or red color, unable to breathe: Kushen one liang, vinegar one sheng half, decocted to eight he, divided into two doses. (Zhang Jie *Zi...*)
Sudden heart pain: Kushen three liang. Kujiu (vinegar) one sheng half, decocted to eight he, divided into two doses. (*Zhouhou Fang*) Food poisoning, toxins from meat, fish, vegetables, etc.: Decoct and take the above formula, induce vomiting to cure. (*Meishi Fang*)
Bloody diarrhea unceasing: Kushen stir-fried until charred, powdered, water pills sized like wutong seeds. Take fifteen pills each time, washed down with rice drink. (Sun Shi *Rencun Tang Fang*)
Rectal prolapse: Kushen, Wubeizi, Chenbitu in equal parts. Decoct in water to wash, apply Muzei powder. (*Yifang Jiangyao*)
Pregnancy difficulty urinating: See under Beimu. Postpartum exposure to wind, suffering from heat, headache in limbs: Give Xiaochaihu Tang; if no headache, use Kushen two liang, Huangqin one liang, Shengdihuang...
Bleeding from gum gaps: Kushen one liang, Kufan one qian. Powdered, rub three times a day, immediate effect. (*Puji Fang*)
Dental caries wind pain: See under Elucidation. Nasal sores with pus and odor, presence of worms: Kushen, Kufan one liang, Shengdihuang juice three he. Two zhan of water, decoct to three he, drip occasionally. (*Puji Fang*) Lung heat causing sores all over the body: Use Kushen powder, millet drink, pill size of wutong seeds. Take fifty pills each time. Wash down with rice drink on an empty stomach. (*Yu...*)
Generalized wind rash: Unbearable itching and pain, affecting chest, neck, umbilicus, abdomen, and hidden areas, often with phlegm, unable to sleep at night. Use Kushen powder one liang, Zaojiao two liang. One sheng of water, rub and filter to get juice. Boil in silver/copper vessel to paste, mix with powder, pill size of wutong seeds. Take thirty pills each time, washed down with warm water after meals, cured the next day. (Kou Zongshi *Yanyi*)
Major Wind Leprosy: Su Song states: Use Kushen five liang (sliced). Soak in three dou of good wine for thirty days. Drink one he each time, three times a day, continuous use. If numbness is felt, it heals. Zhang Zihe *Rumen Shiqin*: Use Kushen powder two liang, stuffed in pig stomach, sewn and boiled cooked, remove medicine. Fast for one day, drink one zhan of fresh water early next morning, eat the pig stomach. If vomited, eat again. Wait one or two hours, take Wuyou San five to seven qian mixed with meat broth, expect one to two thousand large and small worms as efficacy. Then use one jin of non-moth-eaten Zaojiao, remove skin and seeds, boil juice, mix with Kushen powder to make paste. Add Heshouwu powder two liang, Fangfeng powder one liang half, Danggui powder one liang, Shaoyao powder five qian, Renshen powder three qian. Pill size of wutong seeds. Take thirty to fifty pills each time, washed down with warm wine or tea, three times a day. Also wash with decoction of Mahuang, Kushen, and Jingjie. *Shengji Zonglu* Kushen Wan: Treats Major Wind Leprosy and heat-toxic wind sores/tinea. Kushen (digged end of September, peeled, dried, powdered) one jin, Zhike (bran-fried) six liang. Powdered, honey pills. Take thirty pills each time with warm wine, twice day, once night. Another formula: Remove Zhike. Kidney wind toxin and heart-lung accumulated heat, skin sores/leprosy, itching with yellow water discharge, Major Wind causing hand/foot rot, all wind diseases. Kushen thirty-two liang, Jingjiesui sixteen liang. Powdered, water-paste pills size of wutong seeds. Take thirty pills each time, washed down with tea. (*Heji Jufang*) Upper and lower ... , either in neck or lower parts. Use Kushen five sheng. Kujiu one dou, soak three to four days, drink until effective. (*Zhouhou Fang*) Rat ... malignant sores: Kushen two jin, Lufengfang two liang, Qu two jin. Three dou of water, soak two nights, remove dregs, add two sheng of millet, ferment and cook, drink slightly, three times a day. (*Zhouhou Fang*)
Lower part leaking sores: Kushen decocted in water, wash daily. (*Zhizhi Fang*) Scrofula lymph nodes: Kushen four liang pounded to powder. Niuxi juice pills size of mung beans. Take twenty pills each time washed down with warm water. (Zhang Wenzhong *Beiji Fang*)
Scalds and burns: Kushen powder, mixed with oil and applied. (*Weisheng Baojian*)
Red and white leukorrhea: Kushen two liang, Moli powder one liang five qian. Powdered. Use one male pig stomach, boil soft in three bowls of water, pound to mud, mix and pill size of wutong seeds. Take hundred pills each time, washed down with warm wine. (Lu Shi *Jide Tang Fang*) Fruit (harvested in October)
**[Flavor and Properties]** Same as root.
**[Indications]** Long-term use lightens the body and prevents aging, brightens the eyes. Administer like Huai Zi method, has verified effects (Su Gong).