（《本经》上品）
【释名】当道（《本经》）、 苡
（《诗疏》）、车轮菜（《救荒》）、
时珍曰∶按《尔雅》云∶ 苡，马舄。马舄，车前。陆玑《诗疏》云∶此草
牛马迹中，故有车前、当道、马舄、牛遗之名。舄，足履也。幽州人谓之牛舌草。蛤蟆喜藏
伏于下，故江东称为蛤蟆衣。又《韩诗外传》言∶直曰车前；瞿曰 苡，恐亦强说也
生于两旁者。
【集解】《别录》曰∶车前生真定平泽丘陵阪道中，五月五日采，阴干。
弘景曰∶人家及路边甚多。《韩诗》言 苡是木似李，食其实宜子孙者，谬矣。
恭曰∶今出开州者胜。
颂曰∶今江湖、淮甸、近汴、北地处处有之。春初生苗，叶布地如匙面，累年者长及尺
余。中抽数茎，作长穗如鼠
尾。花甚细密，青色微赤。结实如葶苈，赤黑色。今人五月采苗，七月、八月采实。人家园
圃或种之，蜀中尤尚。北人
取根日干，作紫菀卖之，甚误所用。陆玑言嫩苗作茹大滑，今人不复啖之。
时珍曰∶王 《山居录》，有种车前剪苗食法，则昔人常以为蔬矣。今野人犹采食之。
子
【修治】时珍曰∶凡用须以水淘洗去泥沙，晒干。入汤液，炒过用；入丸散，则以酒浸
一夜，蒸熟研烂，作饼晒干，焙研。
【气味】甘，寒，无毒。 《别录》曰∶咸。权曰∶甘，平。
大明曰∶常山为之使。
【主治】气癃止痛，利水道小便，除湿痹。久服轻身耐老（《本经》）。
淋沥，不欲食，养肺强阴益精，令人有子，明目疗赤痛（《别录》）。去风毒，肝中风热，毒
风冲眼，赤痛障翳，脑痛泪出，压丹石毒，去心胸烦热
（陆玑）。导小肠热，止暑湿泻痢（时珍）。
【发明】弘景曰∶车前子性冷利，仙经亦服饵之，云令人身轻，能跳越岸谷，不老长生
也。
颂曰∶车前子入药最多。驻景丸用车前、菟丝二物，蜜丸食下服，古今以为奇方也。
好古曰∶车前子，能利小便而不走气，与茯苓同功。
时珍曰∶按《神仙服食经》云∶车前一名地衣，雷之精也，服之形化，八月采之。今车
前五月子已老，而云七八月者，地气有不同尔。唐《张籍诗》云∶开州午月
皆道有神。惭愧文君怜病眼，三千里外寄闲人。观此亦以五月采开州者为良，又可见其治目
之功。大抵入服食，须佐他药，如六味地黄丸之用泽泻可也。若单用则泄太过，恐非久服之
物。欧阳公常得暴下病，国医不能治。夫人买市人药一帖，进之而愈。力叩其方，则车前子
一味为末，米饮服二钱匕。云此药利水道而不动气，水道利则清浊分，而谷藏自止矣。
【附方】旧六，新六。
小便血淋作痛∶车前子晒干为末，每服二钱，车前叶煎汤下。（《普济方》）
石淋作痛∶车前子二升，以绢袋盛，水八升，煮取三升，服之，须臾石下。（《肘后方》）。
老人淋病，身体热甚∶车前子五合，绵裹煮汁，入青粱米四合，煮粥食。常
亲养老书》）
孕妇热淋∶车前子五两，葵根（切）一升，以水五升，煎取一升半，分三服，以利为度。
（《梅师方》）
滑胎易产∶车前子为末。酒服方寸匕。不饮酒者，水调服。《诗》云∶采采 苡，能令
妇人
乐有子也。陆玑注云∶治妇人产难
横产不出∶车前子末，酒服二钱。（《子母秘录》）
阴冷闷疼，渐入囊内，肿满杀人∶车前子末，饮服方寸匕，日二服。《千金方》）
隐疹入腹，体肿舌强∶车前子末粉之，良。（《千金方》）
阴下痒痛∶车前子煮汁频洗。（《外台秘要》）
久患内障∶车前子、干地黄、麦门冬等分，为末，蜜丸如梧子大。服之。累试有效。（《圣
惠方》）
补虚明目∶驻景丸∶治肝肾俱虚，眼昏黑花，或生障翳，迎风有泪，久服补肝肾，增目
力∶
车前子、熟地黄（酒蒸焙）各三两，菟丝子（酒浸）五两，为末，炼蜜丸梧子大。每温酒下
三十
丸，日二服。（《和剂局方》）
风热目暗涩痛∶车前子、宣州黄连各一两，为末。食后温酒服一钱，日二服。（《圣惠
草及根
【修治】 曰∶凡使须一窠有九叶，内有蕊，茎可长一尺二寸者。和蕊叶根，去土了，
称一镒者，力全。使叶勿使蕊茎，锉细，于新瓦上摊干用。
【气味】甘，寒，无毒。
土宿真君曰∶可伏硫黄，结草砂，伏五矾、粉霜。
【主治】金疮，止血衄鼻，瘀血血瘕，下血，小便赤，止烦下气，除小虫（《别录》）。
主阴 （之才）。叶∶主泄精病，治尿血，能补五脏，明目，利小便，通五淋（甄权）。
【发明】弘景曰∶其叶捣汁服，疗泄精甚验。
宗 曰∶陶说大误矣。此药甘滑，利小便，泄精气。有人作菜频食，小便不禁，几为所
误也。
【附方】旧四，新七。
小便不通∶车前草一斤，水三升，煎取一升半，分三服。一方∶入冬瓜汁。一方∶入桑
叶汁。
（《百一方》）
初生尿涩不通∶车前捣汁，入蜜少许，灌之。（《全幼心鉴》）
小便尿血∶车前草（捣汁）五合，空心服。（《外台秘要》）
鼻衄不止∶生车前叶，捣汁饮之甚善。（《图经本草》）
金疮血出∶车前叶捣敷之。（《千金方》）
热痢不止∶车前叶捣汁一盏，入蜜一合，煎温服。（《圣惠方》）
产后血渗，入大小肠∶车前草（汁）一升，入蜜一合，和煎一沸，分二服。（崔氏方）
湿气腰痛∶蛤蟆草（连根）七科，葱白（连须）七科，枣七枚，煮酒一瓶，常服，终身
不发。（《简便方》）
喉痹乳蛾∶蛤蟆衣、凤尾草擂烂，入霜梅肉、煮酒各少许，再研绞汁，以鹅翎刷患处，
随手
目赤作痛∶车前草自然汁，调朴硝末，卧时涂眼胞上，次早洗去。小儿目痛，车前草汁，
和竹沥点之。（《圣济总录》）
目中微翳∶车前叶、枸杞叶等分，手中揉汁出，以桑叶两重裹之，悬阴处一夜，破桑叶
取点，不过三、五度。（《十便良方》）
【背景信息】
书名：本草纲目 作者：李时珍 朝代：明·万历六年 章节：车前 类别：本草
（《神农本草经》列为上品）
【释名】当道（出自《神农本草经》）、马舄（出自《毛诗正义》疏）、车轮菜（出自《救荒本草》）。
李时珍说：查阅《尔雅》记载：马舄，就是车前。陆玑在《毛诗正义》疏中说：这种草生长在牛马蹄印中，所以有车前、当道、马舄、牛遗等名称。“舄”意为鞋履。幽州人叫它牛舌草。蛤蟆喜欢藏伏在下面，所以江东地区称为蛤蟆衣。另外《韩诗外传》说：直生的是车前；旁生的是马舄，恐怕也是牵强附会的说法。
【集解】《名医别录》说：车前生长在真定地区的平泽、丘陵和道路旁，五月五日采收，阴干。
陶弘景说：人家房前屋后及路边非常多。《韩诗》中说马舄是木本植物，像李子树，吃它的果实有利于子孙繁衍，这是错误的。
苏恭说：现在出产于开州的品质最好。
苏颂说：现在江湖、淮甸、靠近汴京、北方各地到处都有。春天初生苗，叶子铺在地上像汤匙面一样，生长多年的长达一尺多。中间抽出几茎，结成长穗像鼠尾。花非常细密，青色微红。结的果实像葶苈子，赤黑色。现在人们五月采苗，七月、八月采果实。有人家园圃种植它，蜀地尤其崇尚。北方人取根晒干，冒充紫菀售卖，很误用。陆玑说嫩苗做蔬菜非常滑利，现在的人不再食用了。
李时珍说：王绩的《山居录》中有种车前剪苗食用的方法，那么古人常把它当作蔬菜。现在的野人还在采集食用。
【修治】李时珍说：凡是用药必须用水淘洗去泥沙，晒干。入汤剂，炒过后使用；入丸散，则用酒浸泡一夜，蒸熟研烂，做成饼晒干，焙干后研磨。
【气味】甘，寒，无毒。《名医别录》说：咸。雷斅说：甘，平。
陈承说：常山是它的使药。
【主治】气癃（小便不通畅）止痛，利水道小便，除湿痹。长期服用身体轻健，延缓衰老（出自《神农本草经》）。治疗淋沥不尽，食欲不振，养肺强阴益精，使人有子，明目治疗眼红肿痛（出自《名医别录》）。去除风毒，肝中风热，毒风冲眼，眼红肿痛障翳，头痛流泪，压制丹石毒，去除心胸烦热（陆玑）。引导小肠热，止暑湿泻痢（李时珍）。
【发明】陶弘景说：车前子性冷利，仙经中也服用它，说让人身体轻健，能跳跃跨越沟谷，不老长生。
苏颂说：车前子入药最多。驻景丸用车前子、菟丝子两味药，蜜丸食下服用，古今认为是奇方。
寇宗奭说：车前子，能利小便而不耗气，与茯苓功效相同。
李时珍说：查阅《神仙服食经》说：车前又名地衣，是雷之精，服用后形体变化，八月采收。现在车前五月的子已经老了，而说七八月采收，是因为地气不同罢了。唐代张籍的诗说：“开州五月皆道有神。惭愧文君怜病眼，三千里外寄闲人。”看这也以五月采收的开州者为良，又可见其治疗眼睛的功效。大抵入服食，须配合其他药物，如六味地黄丸中使用泽泻那样。如果单用则泄利太过，恐怕不是长期服用的东西。欧阳修曾经得暴泻病，国医不能治。夫人买市井药人的药帖，给他服用就好了。极力追问药方，则是车前子一味研末，米饮送服二钱匕。说此药利水道而不耗气，水道通利则清浊分开，而谷道自止了。
【附方】旧方六首，新方六首。
小便血淋作痛：车前子晒干为末，每服二钱，车前叶煎汤送下。（《普济方》）
石淋作痛：车前子二升，用绢袋盛，水八升，煮取三升，服用，不久石头排出。（《肘后方》）
老人淋病，身体热甚：车前子五合，绵裹煮汁，加入青粱米四合，煮粥食用。（《亲老书》）
孕妇热淋：车前子五两，葵根（切）一升，用水五升，煎取一升半，分三次服，以利为度。（《梅师方》）
滑胎易产：车前子为末。酒服方寸匕。不饮酒者，水调服。《诗经》说：“采采芣苢，能令妇人乐有子也。”陆玑注说：治妇人产难。
横产不出：车前子末，酒服二钱。（《子母秘录》）
阴冷闷疼，渐入囊内，肿满杀人：车前子末，饮服方寸匕，日二服。（《千金方》）
隐疹入腹，体肿舌强：车前子末粉之，良。（《千金方》）
阴下痒痛：车前子煮汁频洗。（《外台秘要》）
久患内障：车前子、干地黄、麦门冬等分，为末，蜜丸如梧子大。服用。累试有效。（《圣惠方》）
补虚明目：驻景丸：治肝肾俱虚，眼昏黑花，或生障翳，迎风有泪，久服补肝肾，增目力：
车前子、熟地黄（酒蒸焙）各三两，菟丝子（酒浸）五两，为末，炼蜜丸梧子大。每温酒下三十丸，日二服。（《和剂局方》）
风热目暗涩痛：车前子、宣州黄连各一两，为末。食后温酒服一钱，日二服。（《圣惠方》）
【修治】李时珍说：凡是使用必须一窝有九片叶子，内有蕊，茎可长一尺二寸者。和蕊叶根一起，去土了，称一镒者，力全。使叶勿使蕊茎，锉细，于新瓦上摊干用。
【气味】甘，寒，无毒。
土宿真君说：可伏硫黄，结草砂，伏五矾、粉霜。
【主治】金疮，止血衄鼻，瘀血血瘕，下血，小便赤，止烦下气，除小虫（《名医别录》）。
主阴疝（之才）。叶：主泄精病，治尿血，能补五脏，明目，利小便，通五淋（甄权）。
【发明】陶弘景说：其叶捣汁服，疗泄精甚验。
寇宗奭说：陶说大误矣。此药甘滑，利小便，泄精气。有人作菜频食，小便不禁，几为所误也。
【附方】旧方四首，新方七首。
小便不通：车前草一斤，水三升，煎取一升半，分三服。一方：入冬瓜汁。一方：入桑叶汁。（《百一方》）
初生尿涩不通：车前捣汁，入蜜少许，灌之。（《全幼心鉴》）
小便尿血：车前草（捣汁）五合，空心服。（《外台秘要》）
鼻衄不止：生车前叶，捣汁饮之甚善。（《图经本草》）
金疮血出：车前叶捣敷之。（《千金方》）
热痢不止：车前叶捣汁一盏，入蜜一合，煎温服。（《圣惠方》）
产后血渗，入大小肠：车前草（汁）一升，入蜜一合，和煎一沸，分二服。（崔氏方）
湿气腰痛：蛤蟆草（连根）七科，葱白（连须）七科，枣七枚，煮酒一瓶，常服，终身不发。（《简便方》）
喉痹乳蛾：蛤蟆衣、凤尾草擂烂，入霜梅肉、煮酒各少许，再研绞汁，以鹅翎刷患处，随手效。
目赤作痛：车前草自然汁，调朴硝末，卧时涂眼胞上，次早洗去。小儿目痛，车前草汁，和竹沥点之。（《圣济总录》）
目中微翳：车前叶、枸杞叶等分，手中揉汁出，以桑叶两重裹之，悬阴处一夜，破桑叶取点，不过三、五度。（《十便良方》）
[Background Information]
Book: Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu)
Author: Li Shizhen
Dynasty: Ming Dynasty, Wanli Year 6
Chapter: Plantago (Cheqian)
Category: Materia Medica
(Listed as Superior Grade in *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
**Names**: Dangdao (from *Shennong Bencao Jing*), Maxi (from commentary on *Mao Shi*), Cheqian Cai (from *Jiu Huang Ben Cao*).
Li Shizhen states: According to *Er Ya*, Maxi is Cheqian. Lu Ji in the commentary on *Mao Shi* says: This herb grows in the hoof prints of cattle and horses, hence the names Cheqian (Plantain), Dangdao (On the Path), Maxi (Horse Shoe), and Niuyi (Cow Remains). "Xi" means shoe. People in Youzhou call it Niushu Cao (Cow Tongue Grass). Toads like to hide underneath, so in the Jiangdong region it is called Hamayi (Toad Coat). Additionally, *Han Shi Waizhuan* states: The straight-growing type is Cheqian; the side-growing type is Maxi, which may also be a forced interpretation.
**Collection and Explanation**: *Mingyi Bie Lu* states: Cheqian grows in the flat marshes, hills, and roadsides of Zhending. It is harvested on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month and dried in the shade.
Tao Hongjing states: It is very abundant around houses and roadside. The statement in *Han Shi* that Maxi is a woody plant resembling a plum tree, and eating its fruit benefits offspring, is erroneous.
Su Gong states: Those produced in Kaizhou are superior.
Su Song states: It is now found everywhere in the Jianghu, Huaidian, near Bianjing, and northern regions. In early spring, seedlings emerge; leaves spread on the ground like the face of a spoon. Plants growing for several years can reach over a chi in length. Several stems shoot up from the center, forming long spikes like rat tails. Flowers are very dense, green with a slight red tint. Fruits resemble Tingli seeds, dark red-black. Currently, people harvest the seedlings in May and the fruits in July and August. Some households garden them, especially in Shu. Northerners take the roots, dry them, and sell them as Ziwan (Aster Root), causing great misuse. Lu Ji stated that tender shoots make a slippery vegetable, but people no longer eat them now.
Li Shizhen states: Wang Ji's *Shanju Lu* contains methods for harvesting and eating Cheqian shoots, indicating ancients often used it as a vegetable. Wild people still collect and eat it now.
**Processing**: Li Shizhen states: When using, it must be washed with water to remove mud and sand, then sun-dried. For decoctions, stir-fry before use; for pills and powders, soak in wine overnight, steam until soft, mash into cakes, sun-dry, bake, and grind.
**Nature and Flavor**: Sweet, Cold, Non-toxic. *Mingyi Bie Lu* states: Salty. Lei Xiao states: Sweet, Neutral.
Chen Cheng states: Changshan (Dichroa Root) is its guiding herb.
**Indications**: Relieves pain from Qi stagnation and urinary difficulty (Qi Long), promotes urination, removes damp-bi. Long-term consumption lightens the body and delays aging (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Treats dribbling urine, loss of appetite, nourishes the lungs, strengthens Yin, benefits essence, aids fertility, brightens eyes, and treats redness and pain (*Mingyi Bie Lu*). Removes wind-toxin, liver wind-heat, toxic wind attacking the eyes, redness/pain/opacity, headache with tearing, suppresses Dan-Shi toxicity, removes chest/heart heat/restlessness (Lu Ji). Guides heat from the small intestine, stops summerheat-damp diarrhea/dysentery (Li Shizhen).
**Elucidation**: Tao Hongjing states: Cheqian Zi has a cold, draining nature. Immortal texts also recommend ingesting it, saying it makes the body light, enables jumping across valleys, and prevents aging/death.
Su Song states: Cheqian Zi is used most frequently in medicine. Zhujing Wan uses Cheqian Zi and Tusizi in honeyed pills taken orally, considered a miraculous formula since ancient times.
Kou Zongshi states: Cheqian Zi promotes urination without depleting Qi, having the same effect as Fuling (Poria).
Li Shizhen states: According to *Shenxian Fushi Jing*, Cheqian is also called Diyi (Earth Lichen), the essence of Thunder. Ingesting it transforms the form; harvest in August. However, Cheqian seeds are already old by May, while the text mentions August harvest due to differences in local earth qi. Tang dynasty poet Zhang Ji wrote: "Kaizhou in May is said to have divine power. I feel ashamed that Wenjun pities my sick eyes, sending me [herbs] from three thousand li away." This confirms that May-harvested Kaizhou material is best and demonstrates its efficacy for eye diseases. Generally, when used for longevity/food therapy, it must be combined with other herbs, such as Zexie in Liuwei Dihuang Wan. If used alone, the draining effect is too strong, making it unsuitable for long-term use. Ouyang Xiu once suffered from acute diarrhea that imperial physicians could not cure. His wife bought a packet of medicine from a street vendor, which cured him. Upon asking for the prescription, it was revealed to be Cheqian Zi powder alone, taken with rice drink (2 qian bi). It is said this herb promotes urination without moving Qi; when water passages clear, turbidity separates, and grain retention stops naturally.
**Attached Prescriptions**: 6 Old, 6 New.
Blood strangury with pain: Cheqian Zi sun-dried and powdered, 2 qian per dose, taken with decoction of Cheqian Ye (*Puji Fang*).
Stone strangury with pain: Cheqian Zi 2 sheng, placed in a silk bag, boiled in 8 sheng water until 3 sheng remain, drink (*Zhouhou Fang*).
Elderly strangury with high fever: Cheqian Zi 5 he, wrapped in cloth and boiled for juice, add Qingliang Mi 4 he, cook into porridge and eat (*Qinlao Shu*).
Pregnant woman with heat strangury: Cheqian Zi 5 liang, Kui Gen (sliced) 1 sheng, boil in 5 sheng water until 1.5 sheng remain, divide into 3 doses, stop when urination improves (*Meishi Fang*).
Facilitates delivery: Cheqian Zi powdered. Take 1 cun bi with wine. Non-drinkers use water. *Shi Jing* says: "Gathering Fu Yi allows women to joyfully conceive." Lu Ji notes: Treats difficult labor.
Breech presentation not delivering: Cheqian Zi powdered, 2 qian with wine (*Zimu Milu*).
Cold numbness/pain in genitals spreading to scrotum, swelling fatal: Cheqian Zi powdered, 1 cun bi with drink, twice daily (*Qianjin Fang*).
Hidden rash entering abdomen, body swelling, stiff tongue: Cheqian Zi powder applied externally, effective (*Qianjin Fang*).
Itching/pain in lower yin: Frequent washing with Cheqian Zi decoction (*Waitai Miyao*).
Long-standing internal cataract: Cheqian Zi, Gan Dihuang, Maidong equal parts, powdered, honey pills size of wu zi. Effective after repeated trials (*Shenghui Fang*).
Tonify deficiency and brighten eyes: Zhujing Wan: Treats Liver/Kidney deficiency, blurry vision, floaters, opacity, tearing in wind. Long-term use tonifies Liver/Kidney, enhances vision:
Cheqian Zi, Shu Dihuang (wine-steamed/baked) each 3 liang, Tusizi (wine-soaked) 5 liang, powdered, refined honey pills size of wu zi. Take 30 pills with warm wine, twice daily (*Heji Jufang*).
Wind-heat dimness/astringency/pain in eyes: Cheqian Zi, Xuanzhou Huanglian each 1 liang, powdered. Take 1 qian with warm wine after meals, twice daily (*Shenghui Fang*).
[Note: The provided text contains a second section starting with "Processing" that appears to refer to Cheqian Cao (Herb) rather than just the seed, though the header is missing or merged. I will translate the subsequent sections as they appear.]
**Processing**: Li Shizhen states: When using, select one cluster with nine leaves, containing stamens, stems up to 1 chi 2 cun long. Use leaves, stamens, and roots together, clean soil, weigh 1 yi for full potency. Use leaves, do not use stamens/stems. Chop fine, spread on new tile to dry.
**Nature and Flavor**: Sweet, Cold, Non-toxic.
Tusux Zhenjun states: Can subdue Liu Huang (Sulfur), Jie Caosha, subdue Wu Fan (Five Alum), Fen Shuang (White Lead Powder).
**Indications**: Metal wounds, stops bleeding, epistaxis, blood stasis/masses, lower bleeding, dark urine, relieves irritability, directs Qi downward, eliminates parasites (*Mingyi Bie Lu*).
Treats Yin hernia (Cai Zhi). Leaves: Treats seminal emission, hematuria, tonifies Five Viscera, brightens eyes, promotes urination, unblocks five types of strangury (Zhen Quan).
**Elucidation**: Tao Hongjing states: Leaf juice ingested effectively treats seminal emission.
Kou Zongshi states: Tao's statement is greatly mistaken. This herb is sweet and slippery, promotes urination, and leaks essence/jing. Someone ate it frequently as a vegetable and lost control of urination, nearly being misled by it.
**Attached Prescriptions**: 4 Old, 7 New.
Urinary retention: Cheqian Cao 1 jin, water 3 sheng, decoct to 1.5 sheng, divide into 3 doses. One variation: add Donggua juice. Another: add Sangye juice (*Baiyi Fang*).
Newborn urinary obstruction: Cheqian crushed for juice, add little honey, instill (*Quanyou Xinjian*).
Hematuria: Cheqian Cao (crushed juice) 5 he, taken on empty stomach (*Waitai Miyao*).
Unstopping epistaxis: Fresh Cheqian Ye, crushed for juice, drink (*Tujing Bencao*).
Metal wound bleeding: Cheqian Ye crushed and applied (*Qianjin Fang*).
Unstopping heat dysentery: Cheqian Ye crushed for 1 zhan juice, add 1 he honey, warm and drink (*Shenghui Fang*).
Postpartum blood leakage into large/small intestines: Cheqian Cao (juice) 1 sheng, add 1 he honey, boil once, divide into 2 doses (*Cui Shi Fang*).
Dampness-related lower back pain: Hamacao (with root) 7 clusters, Congbai (with root) 7 clusters, Jujube 7 pieces, boil in 1 bottle of wine, take regularly, lifelong prevention (*Jianbian Fang*).
Throat obstruction/tonsillitis: Hamayi, Fengwei Cao pounded to paste, add little Shuangmei Rou, Zhujiu, grind again, squeeze juice, brush affected area with goose feather, effective immediately.
Red painful eyes: Natural juice of Cheqian Cao, mix with Puxiao powder, apply to eyelids at bedtime, wash off next morning. For children's eye pain, Cheqian Cao juice mixed with Zhuli drops (*Shengji Zonglu*).
Slight opacity in eyes: Cheqian Ye, Gouqi Ye equal parts, rub in hands to extract juice, wrap in two layers of Sangye, hang in shady place overnight, break Sangye and drop juice, 3-5 times sufficient (*Shibian Liangfang*).