（音庸。《拾遗》）
【释名】 鱼（音秋。《山海经》）。
时珍曰∶此鱼中之下品，盖鱼之庸常以供馐食者，故曰 、曰 。
【集解】藏器曰∶陶注鲍鱼云∶今以 鱼长尺许者，完作淡干鱼，
有骨名乙，《礼记》云食鱼去乙是矣。然刘元绍言∶海上 鱼，其臭
一种也。
时珍曰∶处处江湖有之，状似鲢而色黑。其头最大，有至四、五十斤者。味亚于鲢。鲢
之美在腹， 之美在头。或以鲢、 为一物，误矣。首之大小，色之黑白，大不相侔。《山
海经》云∶ 鱼似鲤，大首，食之已
肉
【气味】甘，温，无毒。
藏器曰∶只可供食，别无功用。
【主治】暖胃益人（汪颖）。食之已疣。多食，动风热
（《纲目》）
【释名】 鱼（必）、赤眼鱼。
时珍曰∶《说文》云∶鳟（ ），赤目鱼也。孙
从必。
【集解】时珍曰∶处处有之。状似 而小，赤脉贯
好食螺、蚌，善于遁网。
肉
【气味】甘，温，无毒。
【主治】暖胃和中。多食，动风热，发疥癣（时珍）。
（音患。《拾遗》）
【释名】 鱼（音缓）。草鱼。
时珍曰∶鲩又音混，郭璞作 。其性舒缓，故曰鲩，曰
闽畜鱼者，以草饲之焉。
【集解】藏器曰∶鲩生江湖中，似鲤。
时珍曰∶郭璞云∶今 子，似鳟而大，是矣。其形长身圆，肉浓而松，状类青鱼。有青
鲩、白鲩二色。白者味胜，商人多 之。
肉
【气味】甘，温，无毒。
时珍曰∶李鹏飞云∶能发诸疮。
【主治】暖胃和中（时珍）。
胆（腊月收取阴干）。
【气味】苦，寒，无毒。
【主治】喉痹飞尸，暖水和搅服（藏器）。一切骨鲠、竹木刺在喉中，以酒化二枚，温
呷取吐（时珍）。
（音同“庸”。出自《本草拾遗》）
【释名】 鱼（音同“秋”。出自《山海经》）。
李时珍说：这是鱼类中的下品，大概是那些平庸平常、供人食用的鱼，所以称为 、称为 。
【集解】 苏颂（字子容，号藏器）说：陶弘景在注释鲍鱼时提到：现在用长约一尺的 鱼，完整制成淡干鱼，其中有一种骨头叫乙，《礼记》中说吃鱼要去掉乙骨，说的就是这个。然而刘元绍说：海上的 鱼，气味也是这种臭味的。
李时珍说：各地江湖中都有生长，形状像鲢鱼但颜色黑。它的头最大，有的重达四五十斤。味道比鲢鱼稍差。鲢鱼的美味在于腹部， 鱼的美味在于头部。有人把鲢鱼和 鱼当作一种鱼，这是错误的。它们的头部大小、颜色黑白，差别很大。《山海经》说： 鱼像鲤鱼，头大，吃了它可以消除肉毒（注：原文此处可能有脱漏或异文，依上下文意译，通常指其功效或特性，此处直译“食之已肉”可能指去腥或解毒，结合后文“已疣”，暂译为消除肉疾/解毒，但为严谨起见，保留原意结构：食用它可以治愈肉部疾病/解毒）。
【气味】 味甘，性温，无毒。
苏颂说：只可供食用，没有其他药用功效。
【主治】 温暖胃腑，有益于人（汪颖）。食用它可以治疗疣。多吃会引发风热病。
（《本草纲目》）
【释名】 鱼（必）、赤眼鱼。
李时珍说：《说文解字》说：鳟（ ），是红眼睛的鱼。孙愐从“必”声。
【集解】 李时珍说：各地都有。形状像 鱼但较小，红色的脉络贯穿全身。喜欢食用螺蛳、蚌类，善于躲避渔网。
【气味】 味甘，性温，无毒。
【主治】 温暖胃腑，调和脾胃。多吃会引发风热病，诱发疥癣（李时珍）。
（音同“患”。出自《本草拾遗》）
【释名】 鱼（音同“缓”）。草鱼。
李时珍说：鲩又读作“混”，郭璞写作 。它的性情舒缓，所以称为鲩，称为 。福建饲养鱼的人，用草来喂养它。
【集解】 苏颂说：鲩生长在江湖中，形状像鲤鱼。
李时珍说：郭璞说：现在的 子，像鳟鱼但更大，说得对。它的形体长身圆，肉质浓密而松软，形状类似青鱼。有青鲩、白鲩两种颜色。白色的味道更好，商人大多收购白色的。
【气味】 味甘，性温，无毒。
李时珍说：李鹏飞说：能引发各种疮疡。
【主治】 温暖胃腑，调和脾胃（李时珍）。
胆（腊月收取，阴干）。
【气味】 味苦，性寒，无毒。
【主治】 喉痹飞尸，用温水调和服用（苏颂）。一切骨刺、竹木刺卡在喉咙中，用酒化开两枚，温热慢慢咽下以催吐（李时珍）。
(Yin yong. From *Bencao Shiyi* [Supplement to Materia Medica]).
[Names] Yu (Yin qiu. From *Shanhaijing* [Classic of Mountains and Seas]).
Li Shizhen said: This is a lower-grade fish, likely because it is an ordinary fish commonly used for food, hence called Yu and Yu.
[Collected Explanations] Su Song (courtesy name Zirong, pseudonym Cangqi) said: Tao Hongjing, in his commentary on Bao Yu [salted fish], mentioned: Nowadays, Yu fish about one chi long are made into complete dried salted fish. There is a bone named Yi; as stated in the *Book of Rites*, "when eating fish, remove the Yi," referring to this. However, Liu Yuanzhao said: The Yu fish from the sea has the same foul odor.
Li Shizhen said: It is found in rivers and lakes everywhere. Its shape resembles that of the Silver Carp (Lian) but is black in color. Its head is the largest, weighing up to forty or fifty jin. Its taste is slightly inferior to that of the Silver Carp. The delicacy of the Silver Carp lies in its belly, while the delicacy of the Yu fish lies in its head. Some people mistake the Silver Carp and the Yu fish for the same species, which is incorrect. Their head sizes and colors (black vs. white) differ significantly. The *Shanhaijing* states: The Yu fish resembles the Common Carp, has a large head, and consuming it can cure flesh ailments/toxins.
[Properties and Flavor] Sweet, warm, non-toxic.
Su Song said: It is only suitable for consumption and has no other medicinal functions.
[Indications] Warms the stomach and benefits the person (Wang Ying). Consuming it can treat warts. Overconsumion may trigger wind-heat pathologies.
(From *Bencao Gangmu*)
[Names] Zun (Bi), Chiyan Yu [Red-eyed Fish].
Li Shizhen said: The *Shuowen Jiezi* states: Zun ( ), is a red-eyed fish. Sun Mian derived the pronunciation from 'Bi'.
[Collected Explanations] Li Shizhen said: It is found everywhere. Its shape resembles the Yu fish but is smaller, with red veins running through its body. It likes to eat snails and clams and is good at evading fishing nets.
[Properties and Flavor] Sweet, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Warms the stomach and harmonizes the middle jiao. Overconsumption may trigger wind-heat pathologies and induce scabies and tinea (Li Shizhen).
(Yin huan. From *Bencao Shiyi*).
[Names] Huan (Yin huan). Caoyu [Grass Carp].
Li Shizhen said: Huan is also pronounced Hun; Guo Pu wrote it as . Its nature is slow and gentle, hence called Huan and . Fish farmers in Fujian feed it grass.
[Collected Explanations] Su Song said: Huan lives in rivers and lakes and resembles the Common Carp.
Li Shizhen said: Guo Pu said: The current Huanzi resembles the Zun fish but is larger, which is correct. Its body is long and round, with dense and loose meat, resembling the Black Carp. There are two colors: Qinghuan [Black Grass Carp] and Baihuan [White Grass Carp]. The white ones taste better, and merchants mostly purchase them.
[Properties and Flavor] Sweet, warm, non-toxic.
Li Shizhen said: Li Pengfei stated: It can trigger various sores.
[Indications] Warms the stomach and harmonizes the middle jiao (Li Shizhen).
Gallbladder (Collected in the twelfth lunar month and dried in the shade).
[Properties and Flavor] Bitter, cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Treats Houbi [throat obstruction] and Feishi [flying corpse disease]; take mixed with warm water (Su Song). For any bone splinters or bamboo/wood thorns stuck in the throat, dissolve two pills in wine, drink them warm slowly to induce vomiting (Li Shizhen).