（宋《嘉 》）
【释名】黄鸭（《纲目》）、匹鸟。
时珍曰∶鸳鸯终日并游，有宛在水中央之意也。或曰∶雄鸣曰鸳，雌鸣曰鸯。崔豹《古
今注》云∶鸳鸯雄雌不相离，人获其一，则一相思而死，故谓之匹鸟。《涅 经》谓之婆罗
迦邻提。
【集解】时珍曰∶鸳鸯，凫类也，南方湖溪中有之。栖于土穴中，大如小鸭。其质杏黄
色，有文采，红头翠鬣，黑翅黑尾，红掌，头有白长毛垂之至尾。交颈而卧，其交不再。
肉
【气味】咸，平，有小毒。孙曰∶苦，微温，无毒。
瑞曰∶酸，无毒。禹锡曰∶多食，令人患大风。
【主治】诸 疥癣，以酒浸。炙令热，敷贴疮上，冷即易（《嘉 》）。清酒炙食，治
疮。作羹 食之，令人肥丽。夫妇不和者，私与食之，即相爱怜（孟诜）。炙食，治梦寐思
慕
【附方】旧一，新一。
五痔 疮∶鸳鸯一只，治如常法。炙熟细切，以五味、醋食之。作羹亦妙。（《食医心
镜》）
血痔不止∶鸳鸯一只，治净切片，以五味、椒、盐腌炙，空心食之。（《奉亲养老》方）
（音溪敕。宋《嘉 》）
【释名】溪鸭（《异物志》）、紫鸳鸯。
时珍曰∶按∶《杜台卿淮赋》云∶ 寻邪而逐害。此鸟专食短狐，乃溪中敕逐害物者。
其游于溪也，左雄右雌，群伍不乱，似有式度者，故《说文》又作溪 。其形大于鸳鸯，而
色多紫，亦好并游，故谓之紫鸳鸯也。
【集解】禹锡曰∶ ，南方有短狐处多有之。性食短狐也，所居处无复毒瓦斯，人家宜
畜之。形小如鸭，毛有五采，首有缨，尾有毛如船柁形。
肉
【气味】甘，平，无毒。冬月用之。
【主治】食之，去惊邪及短狐毒（《嘉 》）。
（出自宋代《嘉祐本草》）
【释名】黄鸭（《本草纲目》）、匹鸟。
李时珍说：鸳鸯整天一起游水，有仿佛在水中央的意思。有人说：雄鸟鸣叫称为“鸳”，雌鸟鸣叫称为“鸯”。崔豹在《古今注》中说：鸳鸯雄雌不分离，人若捕获其中一只，另一只便会因相思而死，所以称之为匹鸟。《涅槃经》中称之为婆罗迦邻提。
【集解】李时珍说：鸳鸯，属于野鸭类，南方湖泊溪流中有生长。栖息在土穴中，体型像小鸭子一样大。它的羽毛呈杏黄色，有花纹色彩，红色的头，翠绿的颈羽，黑色的翅膀和黑色的尾巴，红色的脚掌，头上有白色的长毛垂下来直到尾部。它们交颈而卧，交配后不再重复交配。
【气味】味咸，性平，有小毒。孙思邈说：味苦，微温，无毒。
苏颂说：味酸，无毒。禹锡说：多吃会使人患上大风病（麻风病）。
【主治】各种疥疮癣疾，用酒浸泡。烤热后敷贴在疮口上，冷了即更换（《嘉祐本草》）。用清酒炙烤食用，治疗疮疡。做成羹汤食用，使人身体肥美。夫妻不和者，偷偷给配偶吃，就会互相爱怜（孟诜）。炙烤食用，治疗梦中思念慕恋之症。
【附方】旧方一个，新方一个。
五痔及瘘疮：鸳鸯一只，按常规方法处理。烤熟后细细切碎，用五味调料、醋拌食。做成羹汤也很好。（《食医心镜》）
血痔不止：鸳鸯一只，清理干净切片，用五味调料、花椒、盐腌制后炙烤，空腹食用。（《奉亲养老》方）
（音同“溪敕”。宋代《嘉祐本草》）
【释名】溪鸭（《异物志》）、紫鸳鸯。
李时珍说：查考《杜台卿淮赋》说：“寻找邪气并驱逐祸害。”这种鸟专门吃短狐，是溪水中驱逐祸害物的鸟类。它在水中游动时，左边是雄鸟右边是雌鸟，群体排列不乱，似乎有法式规矩，所以《说文解字》又写作“溪敕”。它的形体比鸳鸯大，颜色多呈紫色，也喜欢成双游水，所以称为紫鸳鸯。
【集解】禹锡说：敕鸟，南方有短狐的地方多有生长。习性是吃短狐，它所居住的地方就没有毒瓦斯了，人家适宜饲养它。形体小如鸭子，羽毛有五彩颜色，头上有冠缨，尾巴上的毛像船舵的形状。
【气味】味甘，性平，无毒。冬季使用。
(Sourced from the Song Dynasty *Jiayou Bencao*)
[Names] Huangya (Yellow Duck) (*Bencao Gangmu*), Pinniao (Pair Bird).
Li Shizhen stated: Mandarin ducks swim together all day, evoking the imagery of being "in the center of the water." Some say: when the male calls, it is called "Yuan"; when the female calls, it is called "Yang." Cui Bao in *Gujin Zhu* said: Male and female mandarin ducks do not separate; if one is caught by humans, the other dies of lovesickness, hence the name Pinniao. The *Nirvana Sutra* refers to it as Boluojialinti.
[Collection and Explanation] Li Shizhen stated: Mandarin ducks belong to the Anatidae family (wild ducks), found in southern lakes and streams. They nest in earthen burrows, with a size similar to ducklings. Their plumage is apricot-yellow with patterned colors, featuring a red head, emerald-green nape feathers, black wings, black tail, and red webbed feet. White long feathers on the head hang down to the tail. They sleep neck-to-neck and do not mate again after pairing.
[Flavor and Properties] Salty, neutral, slightly toxic. Sun Simiao stated: Bitter, slightly warm, non-toxic.
Su Song stated: Sour, non-toxic. Yuxi stated: Excessive consumption causes people to suffer from Dafeng disease (Leprosy).
[Indications] For various scabies and tinea infections, soak in wine. Roast until hot and apply to the sores; replace when cool (*Jiayou Bencao*). Roast and eat with clear wine to treat sores. Make into soup and eat to promote physical plumpness and beauty. For couples with discord, secretly feeding this to the spouse will restore mutual affection (Meng Shen). Roast and eat to treat dreams of longing and yearning.
[Attached Formulas] One old formula, one new formula.
Five Hemorrhoids and Fistula Sores: One mandarin duck, processed by usual methods. Roast thoroughly, cut finely, and consume with five flavors and vinegar. Making into soup is also excellent (*Shiyi Xinjing*).
Unceasing Bloody Hemorrhoids: One mandarin duck, cleaned and sliced, marinated with five flavors, Sichuan pepper, and salt, then roasted. Consume on an empty stomach (*Fengqin Yanglao* formula).
(Pronounced "Xi Chi". Song Dynasty *Jiayou Bencao*)
[Names] Xiya (Stream Duck) (*Yiwu Zhi*), Zi Yuanyang (Purple Mandarin Duck).
Li Shizhen stated: According to Du Taiqing's *Huai Fu*: "Seeking out evil and driving away harm." This bird specifically eats the "Short Fox" (a mythical creature causing illness), acting as a驱害物 (harm-driving entity) in the streams. When swimming, the male is on the left and the female on the right, with orderly groups that seem to follow rules, hence *Shuowen Jiezi* writes it as "Xi Chi." Its body is larger than the mandarin duck, mostly purple in color, and it also likes to swim in pairs, hence the name Purple Mandarin Duck.
[Collection and Explanation] Yuxi stated: The Chi bird is abundant in southern regions where the Short Fox exists. It feeds on the Short Fox; in its dwelling places, there are no poisonous vapors, making it suitable for households to keep. Its shape is small like a duck, with five-colored plumage, a crest on the head, and tail feathers shaped like a ship's rudder.
[Flavor and Properties] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic. Use in winter.
[Indications] Consuming it removes fright-evil and Short Fox poison (*Jiayou Bencao*).