（《食物》）
【释名】黄花菜。
时珍曰∶其花黄，其气如瓜，故名。
【集解】颖曰∶黄瓜菜野生田泽。形似油菜，但味少苦。取为羹茹
，甚香美。
时珍曰∶此菜二月生苗，田野遍有，小科如荠。三、四、五月开黄花，花与茎、叶并
同地丁，但差小耳。一科数花，结细子，不似地丁之花成絮也。野人茹之，亦采以饲鹅儿。
【气味】甘、微苦，微寒，无毒。
【主治】通结气，利肠胃（汪颖）。
（宋《图经》）
【释名】其味作生瓜气，故以为名。
【集解】颂曰∶生瓜菜生资州平田阴畦间。春生苗，长三、四寸，作丛生。叶青
而圆，似白苋菜。夏开紫白花，结细实，黑色。
【气味】甘，微寒，无毒。
【主治】走注攻头面四肢，及阳毒伤寒，壮热头痛，心神烦躁，利胸膈，捣汁饮之。又
生捣贴肿（苏颂）。
（《别录》下品）
【释名】 葵（《尔雅》）、藤葵（《食鉴》）、藤菜（《纲目》）、天葵（《别录》）、繁露
（同）、御菜（俗）、胭脂菜。
志曰∶落葵，一名藤葵，俗呼为胡胭脂。
时珍曰∶落葵叶冷滑如葵，故得葵名。释家呼为御菜，亦曰藤儿菜。《尔雅》云∶ 葵，
繁露也。一名承露。其叶最能承露，其子垂垂亦如缀露，故得露名。
而 、落二字相似，疑落字乃 字之讹也。案∶
《考工记》云∶大圭，终葵首也。注云∶齐人谓椎曰终葵。圭首六寸为椎。然则此菜亦
以其叶似椎头而名之乎？
【集解】弘景曰∶落葵又名承露。人家多种之。叶惟可 食，冷滑。其子紫色，女人
以渍粉敷面为假色，少入药用。
保升曰∶蔓生，叶圆，浓如杏叶。子似五味子，生青熟黑。所在有之。
时珍曰∶落葵三月种之，嫩苗可食。五月蔓延，其叶似杏叶而肥浓软滑，作蔬、和肉皆
宜。八、九月开细紫花，累累结实，大如五味子，熟则紫黑色。揉取汁，红如胭脂，女人饰
面、点唇及染布物，谓之胡胭脂，亦曰染绛子，但久则色易变耳。
叶
【气味】酸，寒，滑，无毒。
时珍曰∶甘、微酸，冷滑。脾冷人不可食。
弘景曰∶曾为狗啮者，食之终身不瘥。
【主治】滑中，散热（《别录》）。利大小肠（时珍）。
子
【主治】悦泽人面（《别录》）。可作面脂（苏颂）。诜曰∶取子蒸过，烈日中曝干，
去皮，取仁细研，和白蜜涂面，鲜华立见）。
（《食物》）
【释名】黄花菜。
李时珍说：它的花是黄色的，气味像瓜，所以得名。
【集解】颖说：黄瓜菜野生在田间水泽处。形状像油菜，只是味道略带苦味。用来做羹汤或蔬菜食用，非常香美。
李时珍说：这种菜二月生苗，田野间到处都有，小丛如荠菜。三、四、五月开黄花，花与茎、叶都同地丁草相似，只是稍小一些。一丛开数朵花，结细小的种子，不像地丁草的花结成絮状。乡下人食用它，也采集来喂鹅雏。
【气味】甘味、微苦，微寒，无毒。
【主治】疏通郁结之气，通利肠胃（汪颖）。
（宋《图经本草》）
【释名】因为它的气味像生瓜，所以以此命名。
【集解】颂说：生瓜菜生长在资州平坦田地背阴的菜畦中。春天生苗，长三、四寸，呈丛生状。叶子青色而圆，像白苋菜。夏天开紫白色花，结细小果实，黑色。
【气味】甘味，微寒，无毒。
【主治】治疗游走性疼痛攻冲头面四肢，以及阳毒伤寒，高热头痛，心神烦躁，通利胸膈，捣汁饮用。又用新鲜捣烂敷贴肿处（苏颂）。
（《神农本草经》下品）
【释名】葵（《尔雅》）、藤葵（《食鉴》）、藤菜（《纲目》）、天葵（《别录》）、繁露（同上）、御菜（俗称）、胭脂菜。
马志说：落葵，一名藤葵，俗称为胡胭脂。
李时珍说：落葵的叶子冷滑如同葵菜，所以得葵之名。佛教徒称之为御菜，也称藤儿菜。《尔雅》说：“葵，就是繁露。”又名承露。它的叶子最能承接露水，它的子实垂垂下垂也像缀着露珠，所以得“露”之名。
而“蘩”、“落”二字形似，怀疑“落”字是“蘩”字的讹误。查考《考工记》说：“大圭，终葵首。”注解说：“齐人称椎为终葵。”圭的首端六寸做成椎的形状。那么这菜是否也是因其叶似椎头而得名呢？
【集解】弘景说：落葵又名承露。人家多种植它。叶子只可食用，冷滑。它的子实紫色，女人用它浸泡后涂粉敷面作为假色，少量入药使用。
保升说：蔓生，叶子圆，浓绿如杏叶。子实像五味子，生时青熟时黑。各地都有。
李时珍说：落葵三月种植，嫩苗可食用。五月蔓延生长，其叶像杏叶而肥厚浓绿软滑，做蔬菜、和肉烹饪都适宜。八、九月开细紫花，累累结实，大如五味子，成熟后呈紫黑色。揉取汁液，红如胭脂，女人用于饰面、点唇及染布物，称为胡胭脂，也称染绛子，但时间久了颜色容易变化。
【气味】酸味，寒，滑，无毒。
李时珍说：甘味、微酸，冷滑。脾胃虚寒的人不可食用。
弘景说：曾被狗咬过的落葵，吃了之后终身病不愈。
【主治】滑利肠道，散热（《神农本草经》）。通利大小肠（李时珍）。
子实
【主治】使面色悦泽（《神农本草经》）。可制作面脂（苏颂）。诜说：取子实蒸过，烈日中晒干，去皮，取仁细研，和白蜜涂面，鲜艳光泽立刻显现。
(From *Food Records*)
[Names] Daylily (Huanghua Cai).
Shizhen says: Its flowers are yellow, and its odor resembles that of a melon; hence the name.
[Collected Explanations] Ying says: Huanghuacai grows wild in fields and marshes. It resembles rape (Brassica chinensis), but has a slightly bitter taste. When used as soup or vegetable, it is very fragrant and delicious.
Shizhen says: This vegetable sprouts in the second lunar month and is abundant in fields, forming small clumps like shepherd's purse (Shepherdia canadensis). In the third, fourth, and fifth months, it bears yellow flowers. The flowers, stems, and leaves resemble those of *Viola philippica* (Diding), but are smaller. One clump bears several flowers and produces fine seeds, unlike *Viola philippica*, whose flowers turn into cottony fluff. Rural people eat it and also collect it to feed goslings.
[Taste and Properties] Sweet, slightly bitter, slightly cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Unblocks stagnant Qi, promotes bowel function (Wang Ying).
(From Song Dynasty *Illustrated Classic of Materia Medica*)
[Names] Named so because its taste carries the odor of raw melon.
[Collected Explanations] Song says: Shengguacai grows in flat, shaded vegetable plots in Zizhou. Sprouts appear in spring, growing three to four inches long, in dense clusters. Leaves are green and round, resembling white amaranth (*Amaranthus retroflexus*). In summer, it bears purple-white flowers and produces small black fruits.
[Taste and Properties] Sweet, slightly cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Treats migratory pain attacking the head, face, and limbs, as well as Yang-toxin typhoid fever, high fever with headache, restlessness, and irritability. Promotes free flow in the chest and diaphragm; drink the expressed juice. Also, apply fresh mashed herb topically to swellings (Su Song).
(From *Shennong Bencao Jing*, Lower Grade)
[Names] Kui (*Erya*), Tengkui (*Shijian*), Tengcai (*Bencao Gangmu*), Tiankui (*Shennong Bencao Jing*), Fanlu (same), Yucai (common name), Yanzhicai.
Zhi says: Luokui, also known as Tengkui, is commonly called Hu Yanzhi (Foreign Rouge).
Shizhen says: The leaves of Luokui are cold and slippery like those of common mallow (Kui), hence the name "Kui." Buddhists call it Yucai, or Teng'ercai. *Erya* states: "Kui is Fanlu." It is also named Chenglu (Receiver of Dew). Its leaves are best at catching dew, and its hanging seeds also resemble dangling dewdrops, hence the name "Lu" (Dew).
The characters "Fan" (蘩) and "Luo" (落) look similar; it is suspected that "Luo" is a corruption of "Fan." According to *Kaogong Ji*: "The head of the large jade tablet is Zhongkui." The commentary notes: "People of Qi call a mallet Zhongkui." The head of the jade tablet, six inches wide, is shaped like a mallet. Could this vegetable be named for its leaf shape resembling a mallet head?
[Collected Explanations] Hongjing says: Luokui is also called Chenglu. It is widely cultivated by households. The leaves are edible, cold, and slippery. The seeds are purple; women use them soaked in water to tint powder applied to the face as a cosmetic, and they are used medicinally in small amounts.
Baosheng says: It is a creeping vine with round, thick leaves resembling apricot leaves. The seeds resemble Schisandra chinensis (Wuweizi), green when raw and black when ripe. It is found everywhere.
Shizhen says: Plant Luokui in the third lunar month; tender shoots are edible. By the fifth month, it spreads vines. The leaves resemble apricot leaves but are thicker, greener, softer, and slippery. Suitable as a vegetable or cooked with meat. In the eighth and ninth months, it bears small purple flowers and clusters of fruit, as large as Schisandra chinensis, turning dark purple-black when ripe. Squeeze the juice; it is red like rouge. Women use it for facial makeup, lip coloring, and dyeing fabrics, calling it Hu Yanzhi or Ranjiangzi, though the color fades over time.
[Taste and Properties] Sour, cold, slippery, non-toxic.
Shizhen says: Sweet, slightly sour, cold and slippery. People with cold spleen should not eat it.
Hongjing says: If eaten after being bitten by a dog, the illness will never heal.
[Indications] Slides the intestines, clears heat (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Promotes urination and bowel movement (*Shizhen*).
Seeds
[Indications] Beautifies and lusters the complexion (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Can be made into facial cream (Su Song). Shen says: Steam the seeds, dry them in strong sunlight, remove the husks, grind the kernels finely, mix with white honey, and apply to the face; freshness and radiance appear immediately.