出关中雍华溪涧间。丛生。似葵叶而大。罔顾冰雪。先春而花。去土一二寸。出萼
色青紫。通直而肥。开时色黄。花在根下也。 世多以枇杷花伪充之。故其效不着。
味辛有甘。气温。散而能降。于肺无迕。入手太阴经。 杏仁为之使。畏贝母。得紫菀
良。
润心
亦用之
款
肾之心
冬花得
治嗽要
百部天麦
于上焦
卧时嚼一丸。薄荷汤下。
子煎汤漱口。乃以薄饼敷
〔论〕款冬冒霜雪而花。花在根下。缪氏谓其阴中含阳。卢氏谓其水里阳生。二说精
确。
乎。
借
化
所
大
而
之
合
〔修治〕花未舒者良。去梗蒂。甘草水浸一时。晒干用。
所在有之。一名灯笼草。与龙葵（俗呼天茄子） 一类二种。但龙葵茎光无毛。夏秋开
小白花。五出。黄蕊。结子无壳而有蒂。盖数颗同枝。生青熟紫黑。其酸浆同时开黄白小花
。紫心白蕊。花如杯状。无瓣而有五尖。结一铃壳。凡五棱。一枝一颗。下悬如灯笼状。壳
中一子如龙葵子。生青熟赤。以此分别。
苗叶茎根
味苦。气寒。 除热利湿。主治烦满痰壅。热咳咽痛。腹内热结。大小便涩。
治黄病。
子
味酸平。气寒。 主治热烦。利水道。疗黄病。并痰癖热结。 与苗茎同功。尤以其轻
能治上焦。故主热咳咽痛。此草治热痰咳嗽。佛耳草治寒痰咳嗽。与片芩清金丸同用更效。
（
止。溺赤涩痛者。酸浆草嫩叶一握。净洗。捣绞汁一合。和酒一合。烧热。空心服之。立通。
款冬花生长在关中地区雍州、华州的溪涧之间。它丛生，叶子像葵菜叶但更大。不顾冰雪严寒，在春天到来之前开花。花朵距离地面一两寸，从萼片中伸出。萼片颜色青紫，形态通直且肥厚；开花时花色为黄色。这是因为花朵生长在根部下方。世人常以枇杷花伪充款冬花，因此其疗效不显著。
款冬花味辛而带甘，药性温。具有发散又能降逆的作用，对肺脏没有违逆之弊，归入手太阴肺经。杏仁作为它的引经药（使药）。畏惧贝母，与紫菀配伍效果良好。
【论】款冬花在霜雪中绽放，花朵位于根部下方。缪氏认为它“阴中含阳”，卢氏认为它“水里阳生”。这两种说法都非常精确。
【修治】花蕾未开放者品质最佳。去除花梗和蒂头，用甘草水浸泡一个时辰（约两小时），晒干后使用。
酸浆草各地都有生长。又名灯笼草。它与龙葵（俗称天茄子）属于同一类但不同种。区别在于：龙葵的茎光滑无毛，夏秋季节开小白花，花瓣五裂，花蕊黄色，结出的果实没有壳但有蒂，通常是几颗同生在枝头，青色成熟后变为紫黑色。酸浆则同时开出黄白色小花，花心紫色，花蕊白色，花朵呈杯状，没有花瓣但有五个尖角，结出一个铃铛状的果壳。果壳有五条棱，一枝结一颗果实，下垂如灯笼状。壳中有一颗种子，形状像龙葵子，青色成熟后变红。以此特征进行区分。
酸浆的苗、叶、茎、根味道苦，药性寒。能清热利湿。主治烦闷胀满、痰液壅滞、热咳咽痛、腹内热结、大小便涩滞。也可用于治疗黄疸病。
酸浆子的味道酸平，药性寒。主治热烦，通利水道，治疗黄疸病以及痰癖热结。功效与苗茎相同，尤其因其质地轻清能作用于上焦，所以主要治疗热咳咽痛。此草治疗热痰咳嗽，而佛耳草治疗寒痰咳嗽。若与片芩清金丸同用，疗效更佳。
（若小便赤涩疼痛者，取一把酸浆草嫩叶，洗净，捣碎绞取汁液一合，混合酒一合，烧热后空腹服用，可立即通畅。）
Kuan Dong Hua (Adenophora Radix) grows in the streams and ravines of Yongzhou and Huazhou in the Guanzhong region. It grows in dense clusters, with leaves resembling those of Malva but larger. It blooms before spring arrives, undeterred by ice and snow. The flowers emerge one or two cun above the soil from the calyx. The calyx is greenish-purple, straight, and plump; when blooming, the flower color is yellow because the flowers are located below the root level. In common practice, Fructus Eriobotryae (Loquat Fruit) flowers are often used as a counterfeit substitute for Kuan Dong Hua, which results in its therapeutic efficacy being obscured.
It tastes pungent and slightly sweet, has a warm temperature nature. It possesses dispersing and descending properties, does not conflict with the Lung, and enters the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian. Xing Ren (Apricot Seed) serves as its guiding herb (shi). It is inhibited by Bei Mu (Fritillaria Bulb), but pairs well with Zi Wan (Aster Root).
[Discussion] Kuan Dong Hua blooms amidst frost and snow, with flowers situated below the root. Miu's theory states it contains Yang within Yin, while Lu's theory posits that Yang arises from water. Both explanations are precise.
[Processing] Flower buds that have not yet opened are of superior quality. Remove the pedicels and calyx remnants, soak in Licorice Water for one shi (approx. two hours), then sun-dry for use.
Suan Jiang Cao (Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii) is found everywhere. Also known as Lantern Grass. It belongs to the same genus but different species as Long Kui (Solanum nigrum, commonly called Heavenly Eggplant). The distinction lies in the fact that Long Kui has smooth, hairless stems, opens small white flowers in summer and autumn with five lobes and yellow stamens, and bears fruit without a husk but with a calyx tip, usually several fruits growing together on one branch, turning from green to dark purple-black upon ripening. Suan Jiang simultaneously opens small yellow-white flowers with purple centers and white stamens; the flowers are cup-shaped, lacking petals but having five points, and bear a single lantern-like husk per branch. The husk has five ridges. Inside the husk is a single seed resembling that of Long Kui, which is green when raw and red when ripe. These features serve as distinguishing characteristics.
The seedlings, leaves, stems, and roots of Suan Jiang taste bitter and have a cold temperature nature. They clear heat and promote diuresis to resolve dampness. They primarily treat irritability, fullness, phlegm obstruction, hot coughs, sore throat, internal heat accumulation in the abdomen, and difficult urination or defecation. They are also used to treat jaundice.
The seeds of Suan Jiang taste sour and are neutral in temperature, with a cold nature. They primarily treat heat-induced irritability, promote urinary flow, treat jaundice, and address phlegm-stagnation and heat accumulation. Their efficacy is similar to that of the seedlings and stems, but due to their light and ascending nature targeting the Upper Jiao, they specifically govern hot coughs and sore throats. This herb treats hot-phlegm coughs, whereas Fo Er Cao (Pulsatilla Root) treats cold-phlegm coughs. When used in combination with Pian Qin Qing Jin Wan (Scutellaria Clearing Metal Pill), the efficacy is enhanced.
(For cases of red, scanty, painful, and difficult urination, take a handful of fresh young leaves of Suan Jiang Cao, wash them thoroughly, crush and squeeze to obtain one he of juice, mix with one he of wine, heat until warm, and consume on an empty stomach. Relief will be immediate.)