按：喜用于按，说明是虚证，需用补药；小便尚利，说明不需要白术、茯苓之补脾利水；喜热怕凉或脉沉迟，说明须用温性药品。
[药品]
桂枝二至三钱 炙草一钱至钱半
[煎服法]
水一茶杯半，煎至半茶杯．去滓顿服。
[用药大意]
桂枝保心阳，炙草补中气。心阳复则液可回，中气和而悸白平．
[禁忌证]
(1)喜冷或口苦脉沉数者忌之。热证不适用热性药也。
(2)汗仍未止，脉虚而不调者忌之。因系气虚将脱之象，应该补气固脱。
(3)四肢厥逆，小便不利，有明显停水现象者不宜用。因此系阳虚水泛之重证，此方力有未足，不能胜任也。
[类似方剂参考]
(1)朱砂安神丸：此治血虚有热心悸之方。
(2)来复汤：此治气虚欲脱心悸之方。
(3)真武汤及茯苓四逆汤：此二方均为治阳虚水泛之重剂。但茯苓四逆汤还有补气的作用。
桂枝加葛根汤方第十八
[方义]
此方系桂枝汤加减方之一，亦为辛温解肌之剂．
[主治]
太阳病，有汗兼项背强几几，但必须没有内热。
[药品]
桂枝二至三钱 生杭芍：二至三钱 炙草一至二钱 生姜二至三钱 大枣二至四枚 葛根三至五钱
[煎服法]
水三茶杯，煎至多半茶杯，去滓温服，取汗。余如桂枝汤调养法。
[加减法]
无汗加麻黄，名葛根汤。
[用药大意]
桂枝汤是太阳有汗恶风之专方；葛根退热生津润燥，是治项背强几几之专药。
[禁忌证]
(1)凡有口苦、喜冷、喜饮等热证者忌之。
(2)无汗表实之证忌之。
[类似方剂参考]
葛根汤：此治太阳病无汗兼项背强直的方剂。
整理者按：对于“几几”，注家多释之为紧固拘牵不柔和貌，或伸颈之貌。在临床实践中不必待至外在形貌显现方才用药， 只要主诉局部有拘急不适感即可投之。
葛根汤方第十九
[方义]
此辛温解表，兼滋生津液，引胃气上行之方。
[主治]
(1)太阳病，项背强几几。
(2)太阳、阳明合病，下利。
按：此二证必须具有太阳发热恶寒、无汗脉浮之表实证，没有喜冷恶热等的内热证；在下利方面，更必须没有不敢服冷性饮食的里寒证和平素消化不良的里虚证。因为项背强几几是太阳经津液被伤之证，下利是太阳病外邪内陷之证。
[药品]
葛根三至五钱 麻黄一至二钱 生姜一至三钱 桂枝二至三钱 生杭芍二至三钱 炙草一至二钱 大枣二至四枚
[加减法]
不下利，呕吐者，加半夏(即葛根加半夏汤)。
[煎服法]
水二茶杯，煎至牛茶杯，去滓温服。
[用药大意]
桂枝汤加麻黄治太阳无汗之表证，葛根治项背强及下利之刚明证。
[禁总证]
(1)表虚有汗者忌之。
(2)里热口渴喜冷者忌之。
(3)里寒不敢服冷性饮食者忌之。
(4)里虚下利清谷者忌之。
[类似方剂参考]
(1)桂枝加葛根汤：此治项背强几几有汗之方。
(2)麻黄汤：此治没有背强症之方。
(3)葛根芩连汤：此治表里俱热泄泻或痢疾之方。
(4)桂枝人参汤：此治表里虚寒下利或痞满之方。
葛根加半夏汤方第二十
[方义]
此辛温发散太阳和阳明表寒表实，兼降逆止呕之方。
[主治]
太阳阳明合病之呕吐证。但必须具有恶寒发热无汗之表寒、表实证，并不兼口苦、喜冷性饮食之里热证。
[药品]
葛根三至五钱 麻黄一至二钱 生姜二至三钱 桂枝二至三钱 生杭芍二至三钱 炙草一至二钱 大枣二至三枚半夏二至四钱
[煎服法]
水三茶杯，煎至半茶杯，去滓温服。呕甚者，频频服之，以防把药吐掉。
[用药大意]
葛根汤治太阳阳明合病，表寒表实证；半夏降逆气，止呕吐。
[禁忌证]
没有呕吐症者，忌之；没有太阳无汗者也忌之；有内热喜冷性饮食者，更忌之；肠胃虚寒之呕吐，尤不可用。
[类似方剂参考]
二陈汤加藿香砂仁：是治呕吐兼表证和胃寒证之方。
葛根黄芩黄连汤方第二十一
[方义]
此解表兼清里热之方。
[主治]
泄泻或痢疾，身热，脉洪大有力。兼见喜冷性饮食或暴注下迫、肛门灼热等现象。
[药品]
葛根五至八钱 甘草一至二钱 黄芩二至三钱 黄连二至三钱
[煎服法]
用水三茶杯，煎至半茶杯，去滓温服。
[用药大意]
葛根辛甘平，解肌退热，以清阳明在表之风热；芩、连苦寒，燥湿清热，以除湿热在里之下利；甘草甘缓，调和诸药，并辅正以胜邪。
[禁忌证]
身不发热，脉无力，喜热不喜冷者，忌之。
[类似方剂参考]
(1)桂枝人参汤：此治里虚寒下利，兼有表寒证之方。
(2)葛根汤：此治表寒兼自利之方。
麻黄汤方第二十二
[方义]
此散寒发汗，辛温解表之重剂。
[主治]
伤寒，太阳病，头项强痛，或身疼腰痛，或骨节痛，或单恶寒，或寒热并见，脉浮而紧，气喘无汗。但必须具有不喜冷性饮食，或不欲饮水，舌苔淡白而薄，或无苔而润，小便清白等。
[药品]
麻黄一至三钱 桂枝一钱至：二钱半 甘草一钱 杏仁一钱至二钱半
[煎服法]
水一茶杯半，煎至半茶杯，去滓温服，覆被取汁。
按：旧日先煎麻黄去上沫的煎法，我试验去不去沫，在疗效上没有什么差别，故改之。
[用药大意]
麻桂以散风寒；杏仁以利肺气，并助麻黄以定喘；甘草和中以助汗源。并调和诸药。
[禁忌证]
(1)阴虚或有内热者，如口渴喜冷性饮食者，咽喉干燥者，淋家，疮家，衄家，亡血家，汗家，均不可服。
(2)虚而兼寒者，如身重、心悸、脉微者，尺中迟者，有汗或多汗者，素有寒者，均不可服。
按：以上各种病证，都指麻黄证兼见之证而言，深恐误发其汗，亡其津液，或热邪益甚。或亡阳厥逆，酿成种种事故．
[类似方剂参考]
(1)桂枝汤：此治太阳病有汗之方。
(2)麻杏甘石汤：此辛凉解表之方。
(3)大青龙汤：此治表寒兼有内热之方。
麻黄杏子甘草石膏汤方第二十三
[方义]
此治风热证，辛凉解表之方。
[主治]
风热气喘发热，或有汗，或无汗，但必须有内热喜冷之证。
按：有汗是属于内热较盛之证，麻黄性温发汗宜少用，生石膏清热宜多用。
[药品]
麻黄一至二钱 杏子一至二钱 生石膏二至五钱(研细) 炙甘草一钱至钱半
[煎服法]
用水一茶杯至一茶杯半，煎至半茶杯，去滓温服。
[用药大意]
麻黄、杏仁解表降气治喘，生石膏以清内热，炙甘草以和中。
[禁忌证]
无表证之喘者忌之，无里热之喘证更忌之。
[类似方剂参考]
(1)麻黄汤：此为治表寒不兼内热喘证之方。
(2)三拗汤：此为治表不甚寒、里无内热喘证之方。
麻黄附子甘草汤方第二十四
[方义]
此治寒邪直中少阴，表里皆寒，兼补中之方。
[主治]
寒邪直中少阴，表里皆寒，其症发热恶寒，脉沉微，不喜冷性饮食。但病程略长，病势稍缓，或没有头痛，且身体没有显著虚弱症状。
[药品]
麻黄一钱至钱半 附子一钱至钱半 炙草一．钱至钱半
[煎服法]
水一茶杯，煎至多半茶杯，去滓温服。
[用药大意]
麻黄散表寒，附子温里寒，炙草补中，对于表里皆寒证，时日稍缓者，用之相宜。
按：此证甚急，虽二三日之间，也须注意虚弱方面。细辛、炙草之易正是为此，必要时还须酌加人参、熟地一类药品。
[禁忌证]
喜冷性饮食者，不可服，须防阴虚血虚兼受寒邪之病。体有显著虚弱症状者，不可服，须防阳虚气虚兼受寒邪之病。
[类似方剂参考]
(1)麻黄附子细辛汤：此治寒邪直中少阴，表里皆寒，兼有头痛，病在开始时，体力没有显著衰弱之方。
(2)理阴煎或大温中饮：此治阴虚血虚兼感寒邪之方。
按：阳虚须加附子。
(3)补阴益气煎：此治血虚气虚兼感寒邪之方。
(4)麻黄汤(《千金翼方》卷十九方)：此治风湿水疾，身体面目肿，不仁而重。皮水用之良。
麻黄附子细辛汤方第二十五
[方义]
此治表里皆寒之方。
[主治]
寒邪直中少阴，表里皆寒，发热恶寒，头痛，脉沉微。 不喜冷性饮食，从体质方面检查，没有显著可补的衰弱现 象。
[药品]
麻黄一钱至钱半 附子一钱至钱半 细辛五分至一钱
[煎服法]
水一茶杯，煎至半茶杯，去滓温服。
[用药大意]
麻黄散表寒，附子温里寒，细辛升内陷之阳气。对于表 里皆寒始得之证最为相宜，或兼头痛者，用之也可。
[禁忌证]
喜冷性饮食者忌用，因此证须防阴虚血虚兼受风寒之 病。体质有虚弱现象者忌用，因此证须防阳虚气虚兼受风寒 之病。
[类似方剂参考]
(1)麻黄附子甘草汤：此治表里皆寒，或体质较弱，或时间较长，或没有头痛之方。
按：此证须加人参。
(2)景岳理阴煎、大温中饮：此治阴虚血虚感受寒邪之方。
(3)补阴益气煎：此治血虚气虚感受风寒之方。
麻黄连轺赤小豆汤方第二十六
[方义]
此解表清热、利湿退黄之方。
[主治]
身黄，发热，无汗，有表证者。
[药品]
麻黄一至二钱 连轺三至五钱 生姜一至三片 赤小豆三至五钱 杏仁一至二钱 炙草一钱至钱半 大枣一至二枚生梓白皮二至三钱
按：生梓白皮可以桑白皮代之。 《千金翼方》 “轺”作“翘”。可从。
[煎服法]
水二茶杯，煎至半茶杯，去滓温服。
[用药大意]
麻黄、杏仁、姜、枣以解表，连轺、赤小豆、生梓白皮清热利湿以退黄。旧用潦水，取其味薄不助湿气而利热也。
[禁忌证]
黄疸没有发热无汗之表证者忌之，有里寒者亦忌之。
[类似方剂参考]
(1)茵陈蒿汤：此治黄疸兼有里证之方。
(2)栀子柏皮汤：此治黄疸没有表里证，单纯湿热郁滞之方。
麻黄升麻汤方第二十七
[方义]
此升散下陷之郁阳，治上热下寒、热多寒少证之方。
[主治]
伤寒误下后，咽喉不利，吐脓血，下利不止，手足厥逆，脉沉而迟，下部脉不至等证。但必须根据患者的体质、年龄、得病久暂、治疗经过，以及饮食之喜冷、喜热，脉搏之有力、无力，全面细心分析，肯定属于上热下寒、热多寒少之证方可试用。
整理者按：李翰卿有麻黄升麻汤治肺痿案。
[药品]
麻黄五分至一钱 升麻五分至一钱 当归一钱至钱半黄芩一钱至钱半 葳蕤一钱至钱半 知母一钱至钱半 生石膏一钱至钱半 炙草一钱至钱半 桂枝一钱至钱半 生杭芍一钱至钱半 干姜一钱至钱半 白术一钱至钱半 茯苓一钱至钱半 天门冬一钱至钱半
[煎服法]
水三茶杯，煎至半茶杯，去滓温服，汗出愈。
[用药大意]
麻黄、升麻以升散内陷之阳邪；黄芩、石膏、知母以清郁积之内热；天冬、葳蕤滋阴；当归、芍药和血。合之以治咽喉不利、吐脓血之上热证。桂枝、干姜温中去寒，苓、术、炙草补脾利湿，一方面助升阳之品以止泄，一方面防止清热滋阴之品有伤肠胃也。这是治上热下寒的一种方法。
[禁忌证]
此方寒药较多，对于亡阳真寒假热之证，回阳救脱尚恐不及，何敢重用升散清凉之品，故忌之。
[类似方剂参考]
乌梅丸：此方热药较多，且重点在于酸收。治消渴、蛔厥、久利之证属寒热夹杂或上热下寒而寒证较多之方。
大青龙汤方第二十八
[方义]
此麻黄汤加减方之一，乃温散寒邪兼清里热之方。
[主治]
(1)太阳病，恶风寒，无汗，身疼痛，脉浮有力，兼烦躁、喜冷性饮食等症。
(2)溢饮，四肢发肿(此证因发肿的关系，脉浮不甚显著)。
按：以上二证必须注意有恶寒无汗和烦躁喜冷性饮食等症。因恶寒无汗方宜使用麻桂，烦躁喜冷方宜使用生石膏。
[药品]
麻黄一至三钱 桂枝一至二钱 炙草一钱至钱半 生石膏(研)二至四钱 杏仁一钱至钱半 生姜一钱至钱半 大枣二至四枚
[煎服法]
水二茶杯半，煎至半茶杯，去滓温服，取全身微汗为度，不可如水淋漓，因汗出多易致亡阳。若一服汗出则停后服。
按：旧日对于汗出多者用温粉扑法。根据实践认为，只要诊断和用量上考虑确当，即无采用之必要。
[用药大意]
麻黄汤加姜枣以散表寒，生石膏以清里热。
[禁忌证]
(1)脉微弱，汗出恶风之烦躁不可服。因服之则厥逆，筋惕肉睏，造成亡阳之证．
(2)少阴病，不汗出，烦躁者，忌之。因此系阳虚阴寒之证。
(3)无喜冷现象者不可服。因无里热也。
[类似方剂参考]
(1)麻杏甘石汤：此解表清里，治表寒较轻里热较重证之方。
(2)桂枝：二越婢一汤：此解表清里之轻剂。
(3)犹龙汤：此治温病不汗出烦躁之方。
中医瑰宝苑 《李翰卿》san
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按语：喜按（按压后感觉舒适）说明是虚证，需要使用补益药物；小便尚且通利，说明不需要白术、茯苓等健脾利水的药物；喜欢热饮、害怕凉物或脉象沉迟，说明必须使用温性药物。
[煎服法]
用水一杯半，煎至半杯，去渣后一次性服用。
[用药大意]
桂枝保护心阳，炙甘草补益中气。心阳恢复则津液可回，中气调和则心悸自平。
[禁忌证]
(1) 喜欢冷饮或口苦、脉象沉数者禁用。热证不适用热性药物。
(2) 汗仍未止，脉象虚弱且不规律者禁用。因为这是气虚即将脱失的征象，应当补气固脱。
(3) 四肢厥冷，小便不利，有明显水饮停聚现象者不宜使用。因为这是阳虚水泛的重证，此方力量不足，不能胜任。
[类似方剂参考]
(1) 朱砂安神丸：此方治疗血虚伴有心热所致的心悸。
(2) 来复汤：此方治疗气虚欲脱所致的心悸。
(3) 真武汤及茯苓四逆汤：这两方均为治疗阳虚水泛的重剂。但茯苓四逆汤还有补气的作用。
桂枝加葛根汤方第十八
[主治]
太阳病，有汗且兼见项背部强直不舒（几几），但必须没有内热。
[药品]
桂枝二至三钱，生杭芍二至三钱，炙甘草一至二钱，生姜二至三钱，大枣二至四枚，葛根三至五钱。
[煎服法]
用水三杯，煎至多半杯，去渣后温服，以取微汗。其余调养方法同桂枝汤。
[用药大意]
桂枝汤是治疗太阳病有汗恶风的专方；葛根退热生津润燥，是治疗项背部强直不舒的专药。
[禁忌证]
(1) 凡有口苦、喜冷、喜饮水等热证者禁用。
(2) 无汗表实证者禁用。
[类似方剂参考]
葛根汤：此方治疗太阳病无汗兼项背强直的方剂。
整理者按：对于“几几”一词，注家多解释为紧固拘牵不柔和的样子，或伸颈的样子。在临床实践中，不必等到外在形态显现才用药，只要主诉局部有拘急不适感即可投用。
葛根汤方第十九
[主治]
(1) 太阳病，项背部强直不舒。
(2) 太阳、阳明合病，出现下利。
按：这两种证候必须具有太阳病发热恶寒、无汗脉浮的表实证，没有喜欢冷食厌恶热的内热证；在下利方面，更必须没有不敢服用冷性饮食的里寒证和平素消化不良的里虚证。因为项背部强直不舒是太阳经津液受损的证候，下利是太阳病外邪内陷的证候。
[药品]
葛根三至五钱，麻黄一至二钱，生姜一至三钱，桂枝二至三钱，生杭芍二至三钱，炙甘草一至二钱，大枣二至四枚。
[煎服法]
用水两杯，煎至一杯，去渣后温服。
[用药大意]
桂枝汤加麻黄治疗太阳病无汗的表证，葛根治疗项背强直及下利的明确证候。
[禁忌证]
(1) 表虚有汗者禁用。
(2) 里热口渴喜冷者禁用。
(3) 里寒不敢服用冷性饮食者禁用。
(4) 里虚下利清谷（完谷不化）者禁用。
[类似方剂参考]
(1) 桂枝加葛根汤：此方治疗项背强直不舒且有汗的方剂。
(2) 麻黄汤：此方治疗没有背强症状的方剂。
(3) 葛根芩连汤：此方治疗表里俱热导致的泄泻或痢疾的方剂。
(4) 桂枝人参汤：此方治疗表里虚寒导致的下利或痞满的方剂。
葛根加半夏汤方第二十
[方义]
此方辛温发散太阳和阳明表的寒邪与表实，兼能降逆止呕。
[主治]
太阳阳明合病的呕吐证。但必须具有恶寒发热无汗的表寒、表实证，并不兼有口苦、喜冷性饮食的里热证。
[药品]
葛根三至五钱，麻黄一至二钱，生姜二至三钱，桂枝二至三钱，生杭芍二至三钱，炙甘草一至二钱，大枣二至三枚，半夏二至四钱。
[煎服法]
用水三杯，煎至半杯，去渣后温服。呕吐严重者，频频服用，以防将药吐出。
[用药大意]
葛根汤治疗太阳阳明合病，表寒表实证；半夏降逆气，止呕吐。
[禁忌证]
没有呕吐症状者，禁用；没有太阳病无汗症状者也禁用；有内热喜冷性饮食者，更禁用；肠胃虚寒之呕吐，尤其不可用。
[类似方剂参考]
二陈汤加藿香砂仁：是治疗呕吐兼表证和胃寒证的方剂。
[方义]
此方解表兼清里热。
[主治]
泄泻或痢疾，身热，脉洪大有力。兼见喜欢冷性饮食或暴注下迫（急剧腹泻）、肛门灼热等现象。
[药品]
葛根五至八钱，甘草一至二钱，黄芩二至三钱，黄连二至三钱。
[煎服法]
用水三杯，煎至半杯，去渣后温服。
[用药大意]
葛根辛甘平，解肌退热，以清除阳明在表的风热；黄芩、黄连苦寒，燥湿清热，以清除湿热在里的下利；甘草甘缓，调和诸药，并扶助正气以战胜邪气。
[类似方剂参考]
(1) 桂枝人参汤：此方治疗里虚寒下利，兼有表寒证的方剂。
(2) 葛根汤：此方治疗表寒兼自利的方剂。
麻黄汤方第二十二
[主治]
伤寒，太阳病，头项强痛，或身体疼痛腰痛，或骨节疼痛，或单独恶寒，或寒热并见，脉浮而紧，气喘无汗。但必须具有不喜冷性饮食，或不欲饮水，舌苔淡白而薄，或无苔而润泽，小便清白等表现。
[药品]
麻黄一至三钱，桂枝一钱至二钱半，甘草一钱，杏仁一钱至二钱半。
[煎服法]
用水一杯半，煎至半杯，去渣后温服，覆盖被子取汗。
按：旧时先煎麻黄去掉上面浮沫的煎法，我试验过去不去沫，在疗效上没有差别，故改为现在的做法。
[用药大意]
麻黄、桂枝发散风寒；杏仁利肺气，并辅助麻黄以平喘；甘草和中以资助汗源，并调和诸药。
[禁忌证]
(1) 阴虚或有内热者，如口渴喜冷性饮食者，咽喉干燥者，淋家（患淋病者），疮家（患疮疡者），衄家（易鼻出血者），亡血家（失血者），汗家（多汗者），均不可服用。
(2) 虚而兼寒者，如身体沉重、心悸、脉微弱者，尺脉迟者，有汗或多汗者，素有寒疾者，均不可服用。
按：以上各种病证，都指麻黄证兼见的证候而言，深恐误用发汗法，导致津液耗亡，或使热邪更加严重，或者导致亡阳厥逆，酿成种种事故。
[类似方剂参考]
(1) 桂枝汤：此方治疗太阳病有汗的方剂。
(2) 麻杏甘石汤：此方是辛凉解表的方剂。
(3) 大青龙汤：此方治疗表寒兼有内热的方剂。
[方义]
此方治疗风热证，是辛凉解表的方剂。
[主治]
风热气喘发热，或有汗，或无汗，但必须有内热喜冷的证候。
按：有汗属于内热较盛的证候，麻黄性温发汗宜少用，生石膏清热宜多用。
[药品]
麻黄一至二钱，杏子一至二钱，生石膏二至五钱（研细），炙甘草一钱至钱半。
[煎服法]
用水一杯至一杯半，煎至半杯，去渣后温服。
[用药大意]
麻黄、杏仁解表降气治喘，生石膏以清内热，炙甘草以和中。
[类似方剂参考]
(1) 麻黄汤：此为治疗表寒不兼内热喘证的方剂。
(2) 三拗汤：此为治疗表寒不甚、里无内热喘证的方剂。
麻黄附子甘草汤方第二十四
[方义]
此方治疗寒邪直中少阴，表里皆寒，兼能补中的方剂。
[主治]
寒邪直中少阴，表里皆寒，其症发热恶寒，脉沉微，不喜冷性饮食。但病程略长，病势稍缓，或没有头痛，且身体没有显著虚弱症状。
[煎服法]
用水一杯，煎至多半杯，去渣后温服。
[用药大意]
麻黄散表寒，附子温里寒，炙草补中，对于表里皆寒证，时日稍缓者，用之相宜。
按：此证如果很急，虽然只有两三天，也须注意虚弱方面。细辛、炙草的替换正是为此，必要时还须酌情加入人参、熟地一类药品。
[禁忌证]
喜欢冷性饮食者，不可服用，须防阴虚血虚兼受寒邪的病。体质有显著虚弱症状者，不可服用，须防阳虚气虚兼受寒邪的病。
[类似方剂参考]
(1) 麻黄附子细辛汤：此方治疗寒邪直中少阴，表里皆寒，兼有头痛，病在开始时，体力没有显著衰弱的方剂。
(2) 理阴煎或大温中饮：此方治疗阴虚血虚兼感寒邪的方剂。
按：阳虚须加附子。
(3) 补阴益气煎：此方治疗血虚气虚兼感寒邪的方剂。
(4) 麻黄汤（《千金翼方》卷十九方）：此方治疗风湿水疾，身体面目肿，麻木不仁且沉重。皮水用之良效。
麻黄附子细辛汤方第二十五
[方义]
此方治疗表里皆寒的方剂。
[主治]
寒邪直中少阴，表里皆寒，发热恶寒，头痛，脉沉微。不喜冷性饮食，从体质方面检查，没有显著可补的衰弱现象。
[煎服法]
用水一杯，煎至半杯，去渣后温服。
[用药大意]
麻黄散表寒，附子温里寒，细辛升提内陷的阳气。对于表里皆寒初得的证候最为相宜，或兼头痛者，用之也可。
[禁忌证]
喜欢冷性饮食者忌用，因此证须防阴虚血虚兼受风寒的病。体质有虚弱现象者忌用，因此证须防阳虚气虚兼受风寒的病。
[类似方剂参考]
(1) 麻黄附子甘草汤：此方治疗表里皆寒，或体质较弱，或时间较长，或没有头痛的方剂。
按：此证须加人参。
(2) 景岳理阴煎、大温中饮：此方治疗阴虚血虚感受寒邪的方剂。
(3) 补阴益气煎：此方治疗血虚气虚感受风寒的方剂。
麻黄连轺赤小豆汤方第二十六
[药品]
麻黄一至二钱，连轺三至五钱，生姜一至三片，赤小豆三至五钱，杏仁一至二钱，炙草一钱至钱半，大枣一至二枚，生梓白皮二至三钱。
按：生梓白皮可以用桑白皮替代。《千金翼方》中“轺”作“翘”。可以采纳。
[煎服法]
用水两杯，煎至半杯，去渣后温服。
[用药大意]
麻黄、杏仁、姜、枣以解表，连轺、赤小豆、生梓白皮清热利湿以退黄。旧时用潦水（雨水），取其味道淡薄不助湿气而利于清热。
[类似方剂参考]
(1) 茵陈蒿汤：此方治疗黄疸兼有里证的方剂。
(2) 栀子柏皮汤：此方治疗黄疸没有表里证，单纯湿热郁滞的方剂。
麻黄升麻汤方第二十七
[方义]
此方升散下陷的郁阳，治疗上热下寒、热多寒少证的方剂。
[主治]
伤寒误用下法后，咽喉不利，吐脓血，下利不止，手足厥逆，脉沉而迟，下部脉不至等证。但必须根据患者的体质、年龄、得病久暂、治疗经过，以及饮食之喜冷、喜热，脉搏之有力、无力，全面细心分析，肯定属于上热下寒、热多寒少的证候方可试用。
[药品]
麻黄五分至一钱，升麻五分至一钱，当归一钱至钱半，黄芩一钱至钱半，葳蕤一钱至钱半，知母一钱至钱半，生石膏一钱至钱半，炙草一钱至钱半，桂枝一钱至钱半，生杭芍一钱至钱半，干姜一钱至钱半，白术一钱至钱半，茯苓一钱至钱半，天门冬一钱至钱半。
[煎服法]
用水三杯，煎至半杯，去渣后温服，汗出则愈。
[用药大意]
麻黄、升麻以升散内陷的阳邪；黄芩、石膏、知母以清郁积的内热；天冬、葳蕤滋阴；当归、芍药和血。合用以治疗咽喉不利、吐脓血的上热证。桂枝、干姜温中去寒，苓、术、炙草补脾利湿，一方面帮助升阳之品以止泄，一方面防止清热滋阴之品损伤肠胃。这是治疗上热下寒的一种方法。
[禁忌证]
此方寒药较多，对于亡阳真寒假热的证候，回阳救脱尚恐来不及，怎敢重用升散清凉之品，故禁用。
[类似方剂参考]
乌梅丸：此方热药较多，且重点在于酸收。治疗消渴、蛔厥、久利之证属寒热夹杂或上热下寒而寒证较多的方剂。
大青龙汤方第二十八
[方义]
此方是麻黄汤的加减方之一，乃温散寒邪兼清里热的方剂。
[主治]
(1) 太阳病，恶风寒，无汗，身疼痛，脉浮有力，兼烦躁、喜冷性饮食等症。
(2) 溢饮，四肢发肿（此证因发肿的关系，脉浮不甚显著）。
按：以上二证必须注意有恶寒无汗和烦躁喜冷性饮食等症。因恶寒无汗方宜使用麻黄、桂枝，烦躁喜冷方宜使用生石膏。
[药品]
麻黄一至三钱，桂枝一至二钱，炙草一钱至钱半，生石膏（研）二至四钱，杏仁一钱至钱半，生姜一钱至钱半，大枣二至四枚。
[煎服法]
用水二杯半，煎至半杯，去渣后温服，以取全身微汗为度，不可如水淋漓，因汗出多易致亡阳。若一服汗出则停后服。
按：旧日对于汗出多者用温粉扑法。根据实践认为，只要诊断和用量上考虑确当，即无采用之必要。
[禁忌证]
(1) 脉微弱，汗出恶风之烦躁不可服。因服之则会导致厥逆，筋惕肉瞤（肌肉跳动），造成亡阳之证。
(2) 少阴病，不汗出，烦躁者，禁用。因此系阳虚阴寒之证。
(3) 无喜冷现象者不可服。因无里热也。
[类似方剂参考]
(1) 麻杏甘石汤：此方解表清里，治疗表寒较轻里热较重证的方剂。
(2) 桂枝二越婢一汤：此方解表清里的轻剂。
(3) 犹龙汤：此方治疗温病不汗出烦躁的方剂。
Note: Preference for pressure (pressing brings comfort) indicates a deficiency syndrome, requiring tonifying medicines; patent urination indicates that Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu) and Poria (Fuling) for strengthening the spleen and promoting diuresis are not needed; preference for warmth, aversion to cold, or a deep and slow pulse indicates the necessity of using warm-natured medicines.
[Medicines]
Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi) 2-3 qian, Honey-fried Licorice Root (Zhigancao) 1-1.5 qian.
[Decoction and Administration]
Add one and a half cups of water, decoct until half a cup remains, remove the dregs, and take in one dose.
[Principles of Medication]
Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi) protects Heart Yang, and Honey-fried Licorice Root (Zhigancao) tonifies Middle Qi. When Heart Yang recovers, body fluids return; when Middle Qi harmonizes, palpitations subside.
[Contraindications]
(1) Contraindicated in those who prefer cold drinks, have a bitter taste in the mouth, or have a deep and rapid pulse. Heat syndromes do not respond to warm-natured medicines.
(2) Contraindicated if sweating has not ceased and the pulse is weak and irregular. This is a sign of Qi deficiency impending collapse, requiring Qi tonification to secure and arrest collapse.
(3) Not suitable for those with cold extremities, impaired urination, and obvious signs of fluid retention. This is a severe syndrome of Yang deficiency with overflowing water; this formula lacks sufficient strength to handle it.
[Reference for Similar Formulas]
(1) Cinnabar Calming the Spirit Pill (Zhusha Anshen Wan): This formula treats palpitations caused by Blood deficiency with internal heat.
(2) Laifu Decoction (Laifu Tang): This formula treats palpitations caused by Qi deficiency impending collapse.
(3) Zhenwu Decoction (Zhenwu Tang) and Poria and Four Reversed Decoction (Fuling Sini Tang): Both formulas are heavy agents for treating severe Yang deficiency with overflowing water. However, Poria and Four Reversed Decoction (Fuling Sini Tang) also has the effect of tonifying Qi.
Guizhi Jia Gegen Tang Formula No. 18
[Formula Meaning]
This formula is one of the modified versions of Guizhi Tang, and is also a pungent-warm agent for resolving the muscle layer.
[Indications]
Taiyang disease, with sweating and accompanied by stiffness and discomfort in the neck and back (Jijiu), but must not have internal heat.
[Medicines]
Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi) 2-3 qian, Raw Hang Shaoyao (Sheng Hang Shao) 2-3 qian, Honey-fried Licorice Root (Zhigancao) 1-2 qian, Fresh Ginger (Shengjiang) 2-3 qian, Jujube (Dazao) 2-4 pieces, Kudzu Root (Gegen) 3-5 qian.
[Decoction and Administration]
Add three cups of water, decoct until slightly more than half a cup remains, remove the dregs, and take warm to induce slight sweating. Rest and care follow the same method as Guizhi Tang.
[Modifications]
If there is no sweating, add Ephedra Herb (Mahuang), named Gegen Tang.
[Principles of Medication]
Guizhi Tang is the specific formula for Taiyang disease with sweating and aversion to wind; Kudzu Root (Gegen) reduces fever, generates fluids, and moistens dryness, and is the specific medicine for treating stiffness and discomfort in the neck and back (Jijiu).
[Contraindications]
(1) Contraindicated in those with heat syndromes such as bitter taste in the mouth, preference for cold, and desire to drink.
(2) Contraindicated in exterior excess syndromes without sweating.
[Reference for Similar Formulas]
Gegen Tang: This formula treats Taiyang disease without sweating accompanied by stiffness and straightening of the neck and back.
Editor's Note: Regarding "Jijiu," commentators mostly interpret it as a stiff, constrained, and unyielding appearance, or an appearance of stretching the neck. In clinical practice, there is no need to wait for external manifestations before administering medicine; as long as the patient complains of local constriction and discomfort, it can be prescribed.
Gegen Tang Formula No. 19
[Formula Meaning]
This formula is pungent-warm to release the exterior, and simultaneously generates body fluids and guides Stomach Qi upward.
[Indications]
(1) Taiyang disease, with stiffness and discomfort in the neck and back (Jijiu).
(2) Combined Taiyang and Yangming disease, with diarrhea.
Note: These two syndromes must possess the exterior excess syndrome of Taiyang fever and aversion to cold, no sweating, and floating pulse, without internal heat signs like preferring cold or hating heat; regarding diarrhea, there must further be no interior cold syndrome where one dares not consume cold foods, nor an interior deficiency syndrome of chronic indigestion. This is because stiffness and discomfort in the neck and back is a syndrome of damaged fluids in the Taiyang meridian, and diarrhea is a syndrome of external pathogens sinking inward from Taiyang disease.
[Medicines]
Kudzu Root (Gegen) 3-5 qian, Ephedra Herb (Mahuang) 1-2 qian, Fresh Ginger (Shengjiang) 1-3 qian, Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi) 2-3 qian, Raw Hang Shaoyao (Sheng Hang Shao) 2-3 qian, Honey-fried Licorice Root (Zhigancao) 1-2 qian, Jujube (Dazao) 2-4 pieces.
[Modifications]
If there is no diarrhea but vomiting occurs, add Pinellia Tuber (Banxia) (i.e., Gegen Jia Banxia Tang).
[Decoction and Administration]
Add two cups of water, decoct until one cup remains, remove the dregs, and take warm.
[Principles of Medication]
Guizhi Tang plus Ephedra Herb (Mahuang) treats the exterior syndrome of Taiyang without sweating; Kudzu Root (Gegen) treats the clear syndrome of neck/back stiffness and diarrhea.
[Contraindications]
(1) Contraindicated in exterior deficiency with sweating.
(2) Contraindicated in interior heat with thirst and preference for cold.
(3) Contraindicated in interior cold where one dares not consume cold foods.
(4) Contraindicated in interior deficiency with diarrhea of undigested food.
[Reference for Similar Formulas]
(1) Guizhi Jia Gegen Tang: This formula treats stiffness and discomfort in the neck and back with sweating.
(2) Mahuang Tang: This formula treats cases without back stiffness.
(3) Gegen Qinlian Tang: This formula treats diarrhea or dysentery due to combined exterior and interior heat.
(4) Guizhi Renshen Tang: This formula treats diarrhea or epigastric fullness due to combined exterior and interior deficiency-cold.
Gegen Jia Banxia Tang Formula No. 20
[Formula Meaning]
This formula is pungent-warm to disperse exterior cold and excess in Taiyang and Yangming, and simultaneously descends rebellious Qi and stops vomiting.
[Indications]
Vomiting syndrome in combined Taiyang and Yangming disease. But it must possess the exterior cold and excess syndrome of aversion to cold, fever, and no sweating, and must not be accompanied by interior heat signs such as bitter taste in the mouth or preference for cold foods.
[Medicines]
Kudzu Root (Gegen) 3-5 qian, Ephedra Herb (Mahuang) 1-2 qian, Fresh Ginger (Shengjiang) 2-3 qian, Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi) 2-3 qian, Raw Hang Shaoyao (Sheng Hang Shao) 2-3 qian, Honey-fried Licorice Root (Zhigancao) 1-2 qian, Jujube (Dazao) 2-3 pieces, Pinellia Tuber (Banxia) 2-4 qian.
[Decoction and Administration]
Add three cups of water, decoct until half a cup remains, remove the dregs, and take warm. For severe vomiting, take frequently to prevent expulsion of the medicine.
[Principles of Medication]
Gegen Tang treats combined Taiyang and Yangming disease with exterior cold and excess; Pinellia Tuber (Banxia) descends rebellious Qi and stops vomiting.
[Contraindications]
Contraindicated in those without vomiting symptoms; contraindicated in those without Taiyang no-sweating symptoms; more contraindicated in those with internal heat and preference for cold foods; especially contraindicated in vomiting due to Spleen-Stomach deficiency-cold.
[Reference for Similar Formulas]
Erchen Tang plus Agastache Rhizome (Huoxiang) and Amomum Fruit (Sharen): This is a formula for treating vomiting accompanied by exterior syndrome and Stomach cold syndrome.
Gegen Qinlian Tang Formula No. 21
[Formula Meaning]
This formula releases the exterior and simultaneously clears interior heat.
[Indications]
Diarrhea or dysentery, fever, forceful large pulse. Accompanied by preference for cold foods, sudden explosive diarrhea, or burning sensation in the anus.
[Medicines]
Kudzu Root (Gegen) 5-8 qian, Licorice Root (Gancao) 1-2 qian, Scutellaria Root (Huangqin) 2-3 qian, Coptis Rhizome (Huanglian) 2-3 qian.
[Decoction and Administration]
Add three cups of water, decoct until half a cup remains, remove the dregs, and take warm.
[Principles of Medication]
Kudzu Root (Gegen) is pungent, sweet, and neutral, resolves the muscle layer and reduces fever to clear wind-heat at the Yangming exterior; Scutellaria Root (Huangqin) and Coptis Rhizome (Huanglian) are bitter and cold, dry dampness and clear heat to treat diarrhea caused by damp-heat in the interior; Licorice Root (Gancao) is sweet and moderating, harmonizes the various medicines, and assists healthy Qi to overcome pathogenic factors.
[Contraindications]
Contraindicated in those without fever, with a weak pulse, and who prefer hot over cold drinks.
[Reference for Similar Formulas]
(1) Guizhi Renshen Tang: This formula treats diarrhea due to interior deficiency-cold with accompanying exterior cold syndrome.
(2) Gegen Tang: This formula treats exterior cold with spontaneous diarrhea.
Mahuang Tang Formula No. 22
[Formula Meaning]
This formula disperses cold and induces sweating, and is a heavy agent for pungent-warm exterior release.
[Indications]
Shanghan (Cold Damage), Taiyang disease, with stiffness and pain in the head and neck, or body ache and lower back pain, or joint pain, or only aversion to cold, or simultaneous chills and fever, floating and tight pulse, wheezing, and no sweating. But it must possess signs such as no preference for cold foods, no desire to drink, pale and thin tongue coating, or no coating but moist tongue, and clear white urine.
[Medicines]
Ephedra Herb (Mahuang) 1-3 qian, Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi) 1-2.5 qian, Licorice Root (Gancao) 1 qian, Apricot Seed (Xingren) 1-2.5 qian.
[Decoction and Administration]
Add one and a half cups of water, decoct until half a cup remains, remove the dregs, take warm, and cover with a blanket to induce sweating.
Note: The old method of boiling Ephedra Herb (Mahuang) first to remove the foam was tested by me, and I found no difference in efficacy whether the foam was removed or not, so I changed it.
[Principles of Medication]
Ephedra Herb (Mahuang) and Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi) disperse wind-cold; Apricot Seed (Xingren) benefits Lung Qi and assists Ephedra Herb (Mahuang) to calm wheezing; Licorice Root (Gancao) harmonizes the Middle to assist the source of sweat, and harmonizes the various medicines.
[Contraindications]
(1) Contraindicated in Yin deficiency or those with internal heat, such as those with thirst and preference for cold foods, dry throat, Lin patients (those with strangury), Chuang patients (those with sores/ulcers), Nu patients (those prone to nosebleeds), Wangxue patients (those with blood loss), Han patients (those with excessive sweating); all cannot take this.
(2) Contraindicated in deficiency with cold, such as those with heavy body, palpitations, faint pulse, slow Chi pulse, those with sweating or excessive sweating, and those with chronic cold conditions; all cannot take this.
Note: The above various syndromes refer to conditions co-existing with Mahuang syndrome. There is deep fear of mistakenly inducing sweating, leading to depletion of body fluids, or exacerbating heat pathogens, or causing Yang collapse and cold extremities, resulting in various accidents.
[Reference for Similar Formulas]
(1) Guizhi Tang: This formula treats Taiyang disease with sweating.
(2) Mahuang Xinggan Shigao Tang: This formula is for pungent-cool exterior release.
(3) Da Qinglong Tang: This formula treats exterior cold with internal heat.
Mahuang Xingzi Gancao Shigao Tang Formula No. 23
[Formula Meaning]
This formula treats Wind-Heat syndrome and is a pungent-cool exterior release formula.
[Indications]
Wind-heat causing wheezing and fever, with or without sweating, but must have signs of internal heat and preference for cold.
Note: Sweating belongs to the syndrome of stronger internal heat; Ephedra Herb (Mahuang) is warm and induces sweating, so it should be used sparingly; Raw Gypsum (Sheng Shigao) clears heat and should be used in larger doses.
[Medicines]
Ephedra Herb (Mahuang) 1-2 qian, Apricot Seed (Xingzi) 1-2 qian, Raw Gypsum (Sheng Shigao) 2-5 qian (finely ground), Honey-fried Licorice Root (Zhigancao) 1-1.5 qian.
[Decoction and Administration]
Add one to one and a half cups of water, decoct until half a cup remains, remove the dregs, and take warm.
[Principles of Medication]
Ephedra Herb (Mahuang) and Apricot Seed (Xingren) release the exterior and descend Qi to treat wheezing; Raw Gypsum (Sheng Shigao) clears internal heat; Honey-fried Licorice Root (Zhigancao) harmonizes the Middle.
[Contraindications]
Contraindicated in wheezing without exterior syndrome; even more contraindicated in wheezing without interior heat.
[Reference for Similar Formulas]
(1) Mahuang Tang: This formula treats wheezing due to exterior cold without internal heat.
(2) San'ao Tang: This formula treats wheezing with mild exterior cold and no internal heat.
Mahuang Fuzi Gancao Tang Formula No. 24
[Formula Meaning]
This formula treats Cold Pathogen directly invading Shaoyin, with both exterior and interior cold, and simultaneously tonifies the Middle.
[Indications]
Cold Pathogen directly invading Shaoyin, with both exterior and interior cold, symptoms of fever and aversion to cold, deep and faint pulse, no preference for cold foods. But the course of disease is slightly longer, the condition is slightly milder, or there is no headache, and the body does not show significant weakness symptoms.
[Medicines]
Ephedra Herb (Mahuang) 1-1.5 qian, Prepared Aconite Root (Fuzi) 1-1.5 qian, Honey-fried Licorice Root (Zhigancao) 1-1.5 qian.
[Decoction and Administration]
Add one cup of water, decoct until slightly more than half a cup remains, remove the dregs, and take warm.
[Principles of Medication]
Ephedra Herb (Mahuang) disperses exterior cold, Prepared Aconite Root (Fuzi) warms interior cold, Honey-fried Licorice Root (Zhigancao) tonifies the Middle; for exterior and interior cold syndromes with a slightly slower course, this is appropriate.
Note: If this syndrome is very urgent, even within two or three days, attention must be paid to weakness. The substitution of Asarum Root (Xixin) and Honey-fried Licorice Root (Zhigancao) is for this purpose; if necessary, Ren Shen (Ginseng) and Shu Di Huang (Prepared Rehmannia Root) may be added.
[Contraindications]
Those who prefer cold foods cannot take it, as one must guard against Yin and Blood deficiency complicated by Cold Pathogen invasion. Those with significant weakness symptoms cannot take it, as one must guard against Yang and Qi deficiency complicated by Cold Pathogen invasion.
[Reference for Similar Formulas]
(1) Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Tang: This formula treats Cold Pathogen directly invading Shaoyin, with both exterior and interior cold, accompanied by headache, at the beginning of the illness when physical strength has not significantly declined.
(2) Liyin Jian or Dawenzhong Yin: This formula treats Yin and Blood deficiency complicated by Cold Pathogen invasion.
Note: Add Prepared Aconite Root (Fuzi) for Yang deficiency.
(3) Buyin Yiqi Jian: This formula treats Blood and Qi deficiency complicated by Cold Pathogen invasion.
(4) Mahuang Tang (from Qianjin Yifang, Vol. 19): This formula treats wind-damp-water diseases, with swelling of the body and face, numbness and heaviness. It is excellent for Pi Shui (Skin Water edema).
Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Tang Formula No. 25
[Formula Meaning]
This formula treats both exterior and interior cold.
[Indications]
Cold Pathogen directly invading Shaoyin, with both exterior and interior cold, fever and aversion to cold, headache, deep and faint pulse. No preference for cold foods. From a constitutional perspective, there are no significant signs of weakness that require tonification.
[Medicines]
Ephedra Herb (Mahuang) 1-1.5 qian, Prepared Aconite Root (Fuzi) 1-1.5 qian, Asarum Root (Xixin) 0.5-1 qian.
[Decoction and Administration]
Add one cup of water, decoct until half a cup remains, remove the dregs, and take warm.
[Principles of Medication]
Ephedra Herb (Mahuang) disperses exterior cold, Prepared Aconite Root (Fuzi) warms interior cold, Asarum Root (Xixin) raises sunken Yang Qi. This is most suitable for newly acquired exterior and interior cold syndromes, or those accompanied by headache.
[Contraindications]
Contraindicated in those who prefer cold foods, as one must guard against Yin and Blood deficiency complicated by Wind-Cold invasion. Contraindicated in those with weak constitutions, as one must guard against Yang and Qi deficiency complicated by Wind-Cold invasion.
[Reference for Similar Formulas]
(1) Mahuang Fuzi Gancao Tang: This formula treats exterior and interior cold, or weaker constitution, or longer duration, or absence of headache.
Note: Add Ren Shen (Ginseng) for this syndrome.
(2) Jingyue Liyin Jian, Dawenzhong Yin: This formula treats Yin and Blood deficiency complicated by Cold Pathogen invasion.
(3) Buyin Yiqi Jian: This formula treats Blood and Qi deficiency complicated by Wind-Cold invasion.
Mahuang Lianyao Chixiaodou Tang Formula No. 26
[Formula Meaning]
This formula releases the exterior, clears heat, promotes diuresis, and resolves jaundice.
[Indications]
Yellow skin, fever, no sweating, with exterior syndrome.
[Medicines]
Ephedra Herb (Mahuang) 1-2 qian, Lianyao (Lianqiao/Forsythiae Fructus) 3-5 qian, Fresh Ginger (Shengjiang) 1-3 slices, Adzuki Bean (Chixiaodou) 3-5 qian, Apricot Seed (Xingren) 1-2 qian, Honey-fried Licorice Root (Zhigancao) 1-1.5 qian, Jujube (Dazao) 1-2 pieces, Cortex Mori Radicis (Sheng Zibaipi) 2-3 qian.
Note: Cortex Mori Radicis (Sheng Zibaipi) can be replaced by Cortex Mori Radicis (Sangbaipi). In *Qianjin Yifang*, "Yao" is written as "Qiao". This can be adopted.
[Decoction and Administration]
Add two cups of water, decoct until half a cup remains, remove the dregs, and take warm.
[Principles of Medication]
Ephedra Herb (Mahuang), Apricot Seed (Xingren), Ginger, and Jujube release the exterior; Lianyao, Adzuki Bean (Chixiaodou), and Cortex Mori Radicis (Sheng Zibaipi) clear heat and promote diuresis to resolve jaundice. Old methods used rainwater (Laoshui), taking advantage of its light taste which does not aid dampness but helps clear heat.
[Contraindications]
Contraindicated in jaundice without fever, no sweating, or exterior syndrome; also contraindicated in those with interior cold.
[Reference for Similar Formulas]
(1) Yinchen Hao Tang: This formula treats jaundice with interior syndrome.
(2) Zhizi Baipi Tang: This formula treats jaundice without exterior or interior syndrome, purely due to damp-heat stagnation.
Mahuang Shengma Tang Formula No. 27
[Formula Meaning]
This formula raises and disperses sunken depressed Yang, treating upper heat and lower cold, with more heat than cold.
[Indications]
After mistaken purgation in Shanghan, symptoms include difficulty in the throat, vomiting of pus and blood, continuous diarrhea, cold extremities, deep and slow pulse, and absent pulses in the lower part. But one must comprehensively and carefully analyze based on the patient's constitution, age, duration of illness, treatment history, dietary preferences for cold or hot, and pulse strength, confirming it belongs to upper heat and lower cold with more heat than cold before attempting use.
Editor's Note: Li Hanqing had a case of treating Fei Wei (Lung Atrophy) with Mahuang Shengma Tang.
[Medicines]
Ephedra Herb (Mahuang) 0.5-1 qian, Cimicifugae Rhizoma (Shengma) 0.5-1 qian, Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui) 1-1.5 qian, Scutellaria Root (Huangqin) 1-1.5 qian, Polygonatum Rhizoma (Weirui) 1-1.5 qian, Anemarrhena Rhizome (Zhimu) 1-1.5 qian, Raw Gypsum (Sheng Shigao) 1-1.5 qian, Honey-fried Licorice Root (Zhigancao) 1-1.5 qian, Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi) 1-1.5 qian, Raw Hang Shaoyao (Sheng Hang Shao) 1-1.5 qian, Dried Ginger (Ganjiang) 1-1.5 qian, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu) 1-1.5 qian, Poria (Fuling) 1-1.5 qian, Asparagus Tuber (Tianmendong) 1-1.5 qian.
[Decoction and Administration]
Add three cups of water, decoct until half a cup remains, remove the dregs, and take warm; recovery comes with sweating.
[Principles of Medication]
Ephedra Herb (Mahuang) and Cimicifugae Rhizoma (Shengma) raise and disperse sunken Yang pathogens; Scutellaria Root (Huangqin), Raw Gypsum (Sheng Shigao), and Anemarrhena Rhizome (Zhimu) clear accumulated internal heat; Asparagus Tuber (Tianmendong) and Polygonatum Rhizoma (Weirui) nourish Yin; Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui) and Shaoyao harmonize Blood. Together they treat upper heat syndromes like throat difficulty and vomiting pus/blood. Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi) and Dried Ginger (Ganjiang) warm the Middle and dispel cold; Poria (Fuling), Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu), and Honey-fried Licorice Root (Zhigancao) tonify the Spleen and promote dampness removal. On one hand, they assist Yang-raising herbs to stop diarrhea; on the other, they prevent heat-clearing and Yin-nourishing herbs from damaging the stomach and intestines. This is a method for treating upper heat and lower cold.
[Contraindications]
This formula contains many cold medicines. For Yang collapse with true cold and false heat, rescuing Yang and arresting collapse is already difficult enough; how dare one heavily use raising, dispersing, and cooling agents? Thus, it is contraindicated.
[Reference for Similar Formulas]
Wumei Wan: This formula contains more warm medicines and focuses on sour astringency. It treats Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst), Hui Jue (Roundworm Convulsion), and chronic diarrhea syndromes belonging to mixed cold-heat or upper heat/lower cold with more cold.
Da Qinglong Tang Formula No. 28
[Formula Meaning]
This formula is one of the modified versions of Mahuang Tang, being a warm-dispersing cold-resolving agent that simultaneously clears interior heat.
[Indications]
(1) Taiyang disease, aversion to wind and cold, no sweating, body pain, forceful floating pulse, accompanied by irritability and preference for cold foods.
(2) Yi Yin (Overflowing Fluid), swelling of the four limbs (in this syndrome, due to swelling, the floating pulse is not very prominent).
Note: For the above two syndromes, one must pay attention to signs of aversion to cold, no sweating, irritability, and preference for cold foods. Because aversion to cold and no sweating makes Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi) and Ephedra Herb (Mahuang) suitable, while irritability and preference for cold make Raw Gypsum (Sheng Shigao) suitable.
[Medicines]
Ephedra Herb (Mahuang) 1-3 qian, Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi) 1-2 qian, Honey-fried Licorice Root (Zhigancao) 1-1.5 qian, Raw Gypsum (Sheng Shigao, ground) 2-4 qian, Apricot Seed (Xingren) 1-1.5 qian, Fresh Ginger (Shengjiang) 1-1.5 qian, Jujube (Dazao) 2-4 pieces.
[Decoction and Administration]
Add two and a half cups of water, decoct until half a cup remains, remove the dregs, and take warm. The goal is a slight whole-body sweat; do not allow profuse sweating like pouring water, as excessive sweating easily leads to Yang collapse. If sweating occurs after the first dose, stop subsequent doses.
Note: In the past, warm powder was applied to the body for those with excessive sweating. Based on practice, if diagnosis and dosage are considered accurate, there is no need to adopt this method.
[Principles of Medication]
Mahuang Tang plus Ginger and Jujube disperses exterior cold; Raw Gypsum (Sheng Shigao) clears interior heat.
[Contraindications]
(1) Contraindicated in irritability with faint pulse, sweating, and aversion to wind. Taking it will lead to cold extremities, muscle twitching, and cause Yang collapse.
(2) Contraindicated in Shaoyin disease with no sweating and irritability. This is a syndrome of Yang deficiency and Yin cold.
(3) Contraindicated in those without preference for cold. Because there is no interior heat.
[Reference for Similar Formulas]
(1) Mahuang Xinggan Shigao Tang: This formula releases the exterior and clears the interior, treating cases with mild exterior cold and heavier interior heat.
(2) Guizhi Er Yuebiyi Tang: This formula is a light agent for releasing the exterior and clearing the interior.
(3) Youlong Tang: This formula treats Wen Bing (Warm Disease) with no sweating and irritability.