夫平心脉来，累累如连珠，如循琅 ，曰心平，夏以胃气为本；病心脉来，喘喘连属，其中微曲，曰心病；
死心脉来，前曲后居，如操带钩，曰心死。
如连珠琅 者，现于指下，圆活柔和，如钩下曲而上圆，是有胃气者，名钩脉。盖心火旺于夏，两手之脉
微有钩象，为有胃气之平脉也；若喘喘连属者，其情势急促，其中微曲，则不调达，此心火郁逆而病也；前曲
后居，如操带钩者，其来也上浮如钩头之圆而坚硬，故曰前曲，其去也下沉如钩身之长而不转，故曰后居，
是心之真脏脉也，故死。
平肺脉来，厌厌聂聂，如落榆荚，曰肺平，秋以胃气为本；病肺脉来，不上不下，如循鸡羽，曰肺病；死
肺脉来，如物之浮，如风吹毛，曰肺死。
厌厌聂聂者，众苗秀齐貌；如落榆荚者，轻浮和缓貌。皆形容浮涩，而和缓有胃气之象，名毛脉也。以肺
金旺于秋，阳气之初降，故轻按浮短涩者，收敛之象，重按和缓，为有胃气，无病之平脉也；不上不下者，涩
甚也，如循鸡羽者，浮涩虚软也，此肺气郁而且伤，液枯气耗之病也；如物之浮者，全在浮部，下无根也，如
风吹毛者，应指散乱，毫无鼓动之力，此肺气将绝之真脏脉也，故死。
平肝脉来，软弱招招，如揭长竿末梢，曰肝平，春以胃气为本；病肝脉来，盈实而滑，如循长竿，曰肝病；
死肝脉来，急益劲，如新张弓弦，曰肝死。
招招，犹迢迢也，应指虽软弱，而源流绵远也；如揭长竿末梢者，如高揭长竿，其末梢细长而柔软，名弦
脉也。盖肝木旺于春，阳气初升，阴气尚盛，长者，阳象，弦软，阴象，此有胃气之平脉也；若盈实而滑，则
乏柔和之象而阳亢，故如长竿之直而不软，滑者，阳化火也，是肝气横逆为病；然其滑，尚有流动之象，倘如
新张弓弦之紧急硬劲，则无胃气之真脏脉也，故死。
平脾脉来，和柔相离，如鸡践地，曰脾平，长夏以胃气为本；病脾脉来，实而盈数，如鸡举足，曰脾病；
死脾脉来，锐坚如乌之喙，如鸟之距，如屋之漏，如水之流，曰脾死。
和柔相离者，阴阳相等，来去从容也；如鸡践地者，至数调匀，脉路清楚也。脾为阴土，胃为阳土，土旺
四季，而居五行之中，故其和缓，为无病之平脉也；若脉来实而盈数，则少柔和，其气太过，如鸡举足者，数
而至数不匀，必有邪积之脾病也；若脉锐坚，如乌喙，如鸟距，是绝无中和之气，或如屋漏，忽连续而来，忽
久歇一滴，或如水流，去而不返，此皆本元败而脾气竭，故为死脉也。
平肾脉来，喘喘累累如钩，按之而坚，曰肾平，冬以胃气为本；病肾脉来，如引葛，按之益坚，曰肾病；
死肾脉来，发如夺索，辟辟如弹石，曰肾死。
此之喘喘累累如钩，形似心脉，而实不同。心脉阳旺而升，现于浮部，按之软散，外阳内阴，离之象也；
肾脉阴盛阳伏，现于沉部，轻按软弱，重按有力而滑，外阴内阳，坎之象也。此有胃气，无病之平脉也；若来如
引葛者，至数模糊不清，其阴阳不调，故按之益坚，无柔缓之气，则为肾病也；发如夺索者，如两人夺一索，
互相牵掣，亦如引葛无绪，而如索之强硬，故如弹石之辟辟，绝无柔和之气，是真脏之死脉也。
凡是平脉（正常脉象）中的心脉，搏动连续不断像连珠一样，如同抚摸温润的玉石，这叫做心平脉，夏季以胃气（脾胃运化功能在脉象上的反映）为根本；病态的心脉，搏动急促相连，其中略带弯曲之象，这叫做心病脉；
死脉（危重脉象）中的心脉，来时前端弯曲而后端僵硬不动，如同握住带钩的腰带，这叫做心死脉。
像连珠和温润玉石那样的脉象，显现于指下，圆滑柔和，如钩子下端弯曲而上端圆润，这是有胃气的表现，称为钩脉。因为心火在夏季旺盛，两手脉搏微有钩象，是有胃气的平脉；若脉来喘喘相连，其情势急促，其中略带弯曲，则说明气机不调达，这是心火郁结逆乱而导致的疾病；前曲后居，如同握住带钩，其来时上浮如钩头般圆硬，所以叫“前曲”，其去时下沉如钩身般长直而不转动，所以叫“后居”，这是心的真脏脉（无胃气的败脉），所以主死。
凡是平脉中的肺脉，脉势轻浮柔和，如同榆树荚飘落，这叫做肺平脉，秋季以胃气为根本；病态的肺脉，脉位不上不下，如同抚摸鸡的羽毛，这叫做肺病脉；
死脉中的肺脉，如同物体漂浮水面，如同风吹毛发，这叫做肺死脉。
“厌厌聂聂”形容众多禾苗秀发整齐的样子；“如落榆荚”形容轻浮和缓的情状。这都是形容浮涩而和缓、有胃气的脉象，称为毛脉。因为肺金在秋季旺盛，阳气初降，所以轻按时浮短涩，是收敛之象，重按时和缓，是有胃气、无病的平脉；“不上不下”表示涩滞严重，“如循鸡羽”表示浮涩虚软，这是肺气郁结且受损，津液枯竭、正气耗损的疾病；“如物之浮”表示脉全在浮部，下部无根，“如风吹毛”表示应指散乱，毫无鼓动之力，这是肺气将绝的真脏脉，所以主死。
凡是平脉中的肝脉，脉来软弱连绵，如同高举长竿的末梢，这叫做肝平脉，春季以胃气为根本；病态的肝脉，脉来充盈坚实而滑利，如同抚摸长竿，这叫做肝病脉；
死脉中的肝脉，脉来急迫强劲，如同新拉开的弓弦，这叫做肝死脉。
“招招”，就是“迢迢”的意思，应指虽然软弱，但源流绵远；“如揭长竿末梢”，如同高高举起长竿，其末梢细长而柔软，称为弦脉。因为肝木在春季旺盛，阳气初升，阴气尚盛，长是阳象，弦软是阴象，这是有胃气的平脉；若脉来充盈坚实而滑利，则缺乏柔和之象而阳气亢盛，所以像长竿那样直而不软，滑利代表阳化为火，这是肝气横逆导致的疾病；然而这种滑利尚有流动之象，倘若像新张开的弓弦那样紧急硬劲，则是无胃气的真脏脉，所以主死。
凡是平脉中的脾脉，脉来和柔相离，如同鸡在地上行走，这叫做脾平脉，长夏（四季中每季最后十八天或特指夏秋之交）以胃气为根本；病态的脾脉，脉来实而充盈快速，如同鸡抬起脚，这叫做脾病脉；
死脉中的脾脉，尖锐坚硬如同乌鸦的嘴，如同鸟的爪距，如同屋顶漏水滴落，如同水流逝去，这叫做脾死脉。
“和柔相离”表示阴阳平衡，来去从容；“如鸡践地”表示至数（脉搏跳动频率）调匀，脉路清楚。脾属阴土，胃属阳土，土旺于四季之中，居于五行中央，所以其脉和缓，是无病的平脉；若脉来实而充盈快速，则缺少柔和之气，其气太过，如“鸡举足”者，次数多而至数不匀，必有邪气积聚的脾病；若脉尖锐坚硬，如乌鸦嘴、如鸟爪距，是完全没有中和之气，或者像屋漏滴水，忽连续而来，忽久歇一滴，或者像水流，去而不返，这些都是本元败坏、脾气竭绝的表现，所以是死脉。
凡是平脉中的肾脉，脉来喘喘累累像钩脉，按下去感觉坚实，这叫做肾平脉，冬季以胃气为根本；病态的肾脉，如同牵引葛藤，按下去更加坚实，这叫做肾病脉；
死脉中的肾脉，脉来如两人争夺一根绳索，弹石般辟辟作响，这叫做肾死脉。
这种喘喘累累像钩脉的脉象，形状似心脉，但实际上不同。心脉阳气旺盛而上升，显现于浮部，按之软散，外阳内阴，是离卦之象；肾脉阴盛阳伏，显现于沉部，轻按软弱，重按有力而滑，外阴内阳，是坎卦之象。这是有胃气、无病的平脉；若脉来如牵引葛藤，至数模糊不清，其阴阳不调，所以按之更加坚实，没有柔缓之气，则为肾病；“发如夺索”，如同两人争夺一根绳索，互相牵拉，也像牵引葛藤那样无序，并且像绳索那样强硬，所以像弹石那样辟辟作响，完全没有柔和之气，这是真脏的死脉。
In the case of Ping Mai (Normal Pulse) for the Heart, the pulse comes continuously like linked pearls, resembling the feeling of smoothing a piece of lustrous jade; this is called Heart Ping, with Wei Qi (Stomach Qi, reflecting the digestive function in the pulse) as the root in summer. In the case of Bing Mai (Diseased Pulse) for the Heart, the pulse comes hurriedly and continuously, with a slight curvature within; this is called Heart Disease. In the case of Si Mai (Death Pulse) for the Heart, the pulse comes curved at the beginning and rigid/stationary at the end, resembling holding a belt hook; this is called Heart Death.
When the pulse resembles linked pearls or smooth jade, appearing under the fingers as round, active, and soft, with a curve below and roundness above, it indicates the presence of Wei Qi and is named Gou Mai (Hook Pulse). Since Heart Fire prospers in summer, a slight Hook aspect in both hands' pulses represents a normal pulse with Wei Qi. If the pulse comes hurriedly connected, indicating urgency in its momentum, and possesses a slight curvature, it signifies a lack of free flow; this is a disease caused by the stagnation and rebellion of Heart Fire. "Qian Qu Hou Ju" (curved front, stationary back), resembling holding a belt hook, means that upon arrival, the pulse floats up, round and hard like the head of a hook, hence "Qian Qu"; upon departure, it sinks down, long and unturning like the body of a hook, hence "Hou Ju". This is the Zang Zhen Mai (True Visceral Pulse, devoid of Wei Qi) of the Heart, thus indicating death.
For the Lung, the Ping Mai comes lightly and softly, like falling elm seeds; this is called Lung Ping, with Wei Qi as the root in autumn. The Bing Mai for the Lung does not go up nor down, resembling touching a chicken feather; this is called Lung Disease. The Si Mai for the Lung floats like an object on water, or like wind blowing hair; this is called Lung Death.
"Yan Yan Nie Nie" describes the appearance of numerous grain heads standing upright and uniform; "like falling elm seeds" describes a light, floating, and gentle appearance. Both describe a floating, slightly rough, yet gentle pulse with Wei Qi, named Mao Mai (Feather Pulse). Since Lung Metal prospers in autumn and Yang Qi begins to descend, light pressure reveals a floating, short, and slightly rough quality, representing the image of convergence; heavy pressure reveals gentleness, indicating Wei Qi and a healthy normal pulse. "Bu Shang Bu Xia" (neither up nor down) indicates severe roughness; "like touching a chicken feather" indicates floating, rough, deficient, and soft qualities. This represents Lung Qi stagnation and injury, a disease of dried fluids and exhausted Qi. "Like an object floating" means the pulse exists entirely in the superficial layer without a root below; "like wind blowing hair" means the response to touch is scattered, lacking any pulsating force. This is the Zang Zhen Mai of impending Lung Qi exhaustion, thus indicating death.
For the Liver, the Ping Mai comes weak and continuous, like lifting the tip of a long bamboo pole; this is called Liver Ping, with Wei Qi as the root in spring. The Bing Mai for the Liver is full, solid, and slippery, resembling touching a long pole; this is called Liver Disease. The Si Mai for the Liver is urgent and strong, like a newly drawn bowstring; this is called Liver Death.
"Zhao Zhao" is synonymous with "Tiao Tiao"; although responding to the touch as weak, the source and flow are distant and continuous. "Like lifting the tip of a long pole" means raising a long pole high, where the tip is thin and soft; this is named Xian Mai (String Pulse). Since Liver Wood prospers in spring, Yang Qi initially rises while Yin Qi remains abundant. Length is an image of Yang, and string-like softness is an image of Yin; this is a normal pulse with Wei Qi. If the pulse is full, solid, and slippery, it lacks gentleness and shows hyperactive Yang, thus resembling a long pole that is straight but not soft. Slipperiness indicates Yang transforming into Fire, representing a disease of rebellious Liver Qi. However, if there is still a sense of fluidity in the slipperiness, it is not yet critical. But if it is as urgent and stiff as a newly tightened bowstring, it is the Zang Zhen Mai devoid of Wei Qi, thus indicating death.
For the Spleen, the Ping Mai comes harmonious and soft, distinct yet connected, like a chicken walking on the ground; this is called Spleen Ping, with Wei Qi as the root during Chang Xia (Late Summer/Transition periods). The Bing Mai for the Spleen is solid, full, and rapid, like a chicken lifting its foot; this is called Spleen Disease. The Si Mai for the Spleen is sharp and hard like a crow's beak, or a bird's spur; like a leaking roof dripping water, or flowing water departing; this is called Spleen Death.
"He Rou Xiang Li" (harmonious and soft, distinct yet connected) indicates balanced Yin and Yang, with a leisurely arrival and departure. "Like a chicken walking on the ground" indicates regular rhythm and clear pulse channels. The Spleen is Yin Earth, the Stomach is Yang Earth. Earth prospers in the four seasons and resides in the center of the Five Elements; thus, its gentle and slow quality is the normal pulse of health. If the pulse is solid, full, and rapid, it lacks gentleness, and the Qi is excessive. Like "a chicken lifting its foot," the rate is high but irregular, indicating Spleen disease with pathogenic accumulation. If the pulse is sharp and hard, like a crow's beak or bird's spur, it completely lacks moderate Qi. Or like a leaking roof, coming intermittently with long pauses, or like flowing water going without return, these all indicate the collapse of the Yuan Yuan (Original Essence) and exhaustion of Spleen Qi, thus being death pulses.
For the Kidney, the Ping Mai comes hurriedly and continuously like a Hook pulse, firm upon pressing; this is called Kidney Ping, with Wei Qi as the root in winter. The Bing Mai for the Kidney resembles pulling a vine, becoming firmer upon pressing; this is called Kidney Disease. The Si Mai for the Kidney emerges like two people struggling over a rope, crackling like striking stones; this is called Kidney Death.
This "hurriedly and continuously like a Hook" pulse resembles the Heart pulse in form but differs in essence. The Heart pulse has vigorous Yang ascending, manifesting in the superficial layer, soft and scattered upon pressing, external Yang and internal Yin, representing the Li Trigram. The Kidney pulse has abundant Yin and hidden Yang, manifesting in the deep layer, weak upon light pressing, but powerful and slippery upon heavy pressing, external Yin and internal Yang, representing the Kan Trigram. This is a normal pulse with Wei Qi and no disease. If the pulse comes like pulling a vine, with unclear rhythm, indicating disharmony of Yin and Yang, it becomes firmer upon pressing, lacking softness and slowness, constituting Kidney Disease. "Fa Ru Duo Suo" (emerging like a struggle for a rope) resembles two people pulling a single rope, mutually restraining, also disordered like pulling a vine, yet hard like a rope. Thus, it crackles like striking stones, completely lacking gentleness; this is the death pulse of the True Viscera.