经曰∶小肠者，受盛之官，化物出焉。
又曰∶后附于脊，前附于脐上，左回叠积，十六曲。大二寸半，径八分分之少
半，长三丈二尺，受谷二斗四升，水六升
三合之大半。
\r小肠图\p04-a41a12.bmp\r
又曰∶小肠上口，在脐上二寸，近脊，水谷由此而入；复下一寸，外附于脐，为
水分穴，当小肠下口；至是而泌别清浊，水液渗入膀胱，浮秽流入大肠。
《难经》曰∶重二斤十四两。
经曰∶小肠为赤肠。
又曰∶小肠若寒甚，独肩上热，及手小指次指之间热，若脉陷者，此其候也。
又曰∶小肠有寒则下重，便脓血，有热必痔。
又曰∶小肠有宿食，常暮发热，明日复止。
又曰∶小肠胀者，小肠 满，（ 音嗔，胀起也。）引腹而痛。
又曰∶膀胱移热于小肠，鬲肠不便，上为口糜。
又曰∶心咳不已，小肠受之，其状咳而失气，气与咳俱失。
又曰∶厥气客于小肠，则梦聚邑街衢。
又曰∶是动病，则嗌痛颈肿，不可回顾，肩似拔， 似折，是主液。
又曰∶所生病者，耳聋目黄，颊肿，颔肩 肘，臂外后廉痛。盛者，人迎大，再
倍于寸口，虚者，人迎反小于寸口也。
又曰∶小肠热胀生口疮；小肠热结满不通；小肠虚寒，痛下赤白肠滑；小肠冷
气，非时刺痛；小肠酒后饮冷，气裹热结伏脐下，结硬块不通，连外肾俱肿。
经曰∶手太阳小肠经。
又曰∶是经多血少气。
又曰∶未时气血注于小肠。
《人门》曰∶凡胃中腐熟水谷，其滓秽自胃之下口，传入于小肠上口，自小肠下
口泌别清浊，水液入膀胱上口，滓秽入大肠上口。
《难经》曰∶小肠大肠会，谓之阑门，言由关阑分隔也。
《灵枢》曰∶唇浓，人中长，以候小肠。
又曰∶心应脉，皮浓者脉浓，脉浓者小肠浓。皮薄者脉薄，脉薄者小肠薄。皮缓者脉缓，脉缓者小肠大
而长；皮薄而脉波小者，小肠小而短。诸阳经脉皆多纡屈，小肠结也。
又曰∶中气不足，肠为之苦鸣。
又曰∶小肠病者，小腹痛，腰脊控睾而痛，（睾，阴丸也。）时窘之候，当耳前热。
又曰∶小肠控睾，引腰脊，上冲心，邪在小肠也。
《内经》曰∶小肠为泄。
《入门》曰∶小肠有气则小腹痛；小肠有血则小便涩；小肠有热则茎中痛。
又曰∶小肠者，心之腑也；有病宜通利，用导赤散、赤茯苓汤。
《脉经》曰∶小肠绝，六日死。何以知之？发直如干麻，不得屈伸，自汗不止。
溺血属小肠、膀胱经。
肿胀水肿有十种之分，小腹急满，为小肠水。
补∶牡蛎、石斛。
泻∶葱白、木通、紫苏、荔枝核。
温∶大茴香、小茴香、乌药。
凉∶黄芩、天花粉。
引经报使∶羌活、 本上行，黄柏下行。
《黄帝内经》说：小肠是负责接受和盛纳的器官，负责将食物转化为精微物质并排出糟粕。
又说：小肠后方附着于脊柱，前方附着于脐上，向左回旋重叠堆积，共有十六个弯曲。直径二寸半，管径八分分之少半（约半分多一点），长度三丈二尺，能容纳谷物二斗四升，水六升三合的大半部分。
[小肠图]
又说：小肠的上口，位于脐上二寸处，靠近脊柱，水和谷物由此进入；再向下延伸一寸，外部附着于脐部，此处为水分穴，正对小肠的下口；到了这里，小肠分别清浊，水液渗入膀胱，浑浊废物流入大肠。
又说：如果小肠寒气过重，会出现肩部单独发热，以及手小指和无名指之间发热，如果脉象下陷，这就是其征候。
又说：小肠有寒邪则出现里急后重，大便脓血；有热邪必然导致痔疮。
又说：小肠胀满，表现为腹部胀满（“嗔”音同嗔，意为胀起），牵引腹部疼痛。
又说：膀胱的热邪转移至小肠，导致膈间肠道不通畅，向上发展为口腔糜烂。
又说：心脏咳嗽久治不愈，病邪传至小肠，症状为咳嗽时失气（放屁），气和咳嗽同时发生。
又说：厥逆之气客居于小肠，则会梦见聚集在城邑街道。
又说：经脉变动引发的疾病，表现为咽喉痛、颈部肿胀，不能回头，肩膀像被拔除一样，腰部像折断一样，这是主司津液的病变。
又说：所发生的疾病，包括耳聋、目黄、脸颊肿胀、下颌肩肘臂外侧后缘疼痛。实证时，人迎脉搏动比寸口大两倍；虚证时，人迎脉搏动反而小于寸口。
又说：小肠热胀生出口疮；小肠热结导致腹部胀满不通；小肠虚寒，导致腹痛、下痢赤白、肠道滑脱；小肠冷气，非正常时间出现刺痛；小肠因酒后饮冷，气裹挟热邪结伏于脐下，形成硬块不通，连带外肾一起肿胀。
《医门入门》说：凡是胃中腐熟的水谷，其渣滓秽物从胃的下口传入小肠上口，从小肠下口分别清浊，水液进入膀胱上口，渣滓秽物进入大肠上口。
《难经》说：小肠和大肠交汇的地方，称为阑门，意思是由此关卡分隔。
又说：心对应脉象，皮肤厚的脉象也厚，脉象厚的则小肠厚。皮肤薄的脉象也薄，脉象薄的则小肠薄。皮肤松弛的脉象也缓，脉象缓的则小肠大而长；皮肤薄且脉象细弱的，则小肠小而短。所有阳经经脉都多有迂曲屈折，这是因为小肠有结聚之故。
又说：中气不足，肠道会发出痛苦的鸣响。
又说：小肠病的症状是小腹疼痛，腰部脊柱牵引睾丸疼痛（睾，即阴丸），时常有窘迫的感觉，耳前发热。
《入门》说：小肠有气滞则小腹疼痛；小肠有血瘀则小便涩滞；小肠有热则尿道疼痛。
The *Classic of Medicine* (*Huangdi Neijing*) states: The Small Intestine is the official responsible for reception and storage, transforming substances and eliminating waste.
It further states: Posteriorly attached to the spine and anteriorly attached above the umbilicus, it loops back and stacks upon itself with sixteen curves. Its diameter is two cun and a half, its lumen slightly less than eight fen (approximately half a fen more), and its length is three zhang and two chi. It can hold two dou and four sheng of grain, and six sheng and three he of water (slightly more than half).
[Diagram of the Small Intestine]
It further states: The upper orifice of the Small Intestine is located two cun above the umbilicus, near the spine, where water and grain enter; extending one inch downward, externally attached to the umbilicus, is the Shuifen (Water Division) acupoint, which corresponds to the lower orifice of the Small Intestine. Here, clear and turbid substances are separated; the watery fluid seeps into the Bladder, while the floating waste flows into the Large Intestine.
The *Classic of Difficult Issues* (*Nanjing*) states: It weighs two jin and fourteen liang.
The *Classic of Medicine* states: The Small Intestine is the red intestine.
It further states: If there is excessive cold in the Small Intestine, heat will appear exclusively on the shoulder, and between the little finger and the ring finger of the hand. If the pulse is sunken, this is its sign.
It further states: Cold in the Small Intestine causes tenesmus and pus-blood in the stool; heat in the Small Intestine inevitably leads to hemorrhoids.
It further states: Food stagnation in the Small Intestine often causes fever in the evening, which subsides by the next morning.
It further states: Distension of the Small Intestine manifests as abdominal fullness ("chen" pronounced like "chēn", meaning swelling/distension), pulling on the abdomen and causing pain.
It further states: Heat transferring from the Bladder to the Small Intestine causes obstruction in the diaphragm and intestines, leading upward to oral ulcers (mouth rot).
It further states: If Heart cough persists, the pathogen transmits to the Small Intestine. The presentation involves coughing accompanied by loss of qi (flatulence), where the qi escapes simultaneously with the cough.
It further states: When Jue Qi (rebellious qi) lodges in the Small Intestine, dreams of gathering in city streets occur.
It further states: In diseases caused by meridian movement, symptoms include sore throat, neck swelling, inability to turn the head, shoulders feeling as if pulled out, and the waist feeling as if broken. This organ governs fluids.
It further states: Diseases generated by this organ include deafness, yellow eyes, swollen cheeks, and pain along the posterior lateral aspect of the jaw, shoulder, elbow, and arm. In excess conditions, the Renying (ST9) pulse is large, twice that of the Cun Kou (Radial artery at the wrist); in deficiency conditions, the Renying pulse is smaller than the Cun Kou.
It further states: Heat distension of the Small Intestine generates mouth sores; heat binding in the Small Intestine causes abdominal fullness and obstruction; deficiency-cold of the Small Intestine causes abdominal pain, dysentery with red and white discharge, and intestinal slipping; cold qi in the Small Intestine causes sudden stabbing pain at irregular times; drinking cold liquids after alcohol consumption causes qi to wrap around heat, which becomes trapped below the umbilicus, forming hard obstructive masses, swelling the external kidneys together.
The *Classic of Medicine* states: The Hand-Taiyang Small Intestine Meridian.
It further states: This meridian has abundant blood but scarce qi.
It further states: At Wei hour (1:00 PM - 3:00 PM), qi and blood flow into the Small Intestine.
The *Men's Medical Gate* (*Yimen*) states: Whatever food and water have been ripened in the Stomach, their dregs and waste pass from the lower orifice of the Stomach into the upper orifice of the Small Intestine. From the lower orifice of the Small Intestine, clear and turbid substances are separated; the watery fluid enters the upper orifice of the Bladder, and the dregs enter the upper orifice of the Large Intestine.
The *Classic of Difficult Issues* states: The convergence of the Small Intestine and Large Intestine is called the Lanmen (Ileocecal Valve/Gate), named because it acts as a barrier separating them.
The *Ling Shu* states: Thick lips and a long philtrum are used to observe the state of the Small Intestine.
It further states: The Heart corresponds to the pulse. Thick skin indicates a thick pulse; a thick pulse indicates a thick Small Intestine. Thin skin indicates a thin pulse; a thin pulse indicates a thin Small Intestine. Lax skin indicates a slow pulse; a slow pulse indicates a large and long Small Intestine. Thin skin with a small, weak pulse indicates a small and short Small Intestine. All Yang meridians have many twists and turns due to the knots/convolutions of the Small Intestine.
It further states: Deficiency of Middle Qi causes the intestines to suffer from loud borborygmi (rumbling).
It further states: Diseases of the Small Intestine manifest as lower abdominal pain, with pain radiating from the lumbar spine to the testicles (testis, i.e., scrotal sac), often accompanied by a sense of urgency and heat in front of the ears.
It further states: Small Intestine pathology pulling on the testicles and connecting to the lumbar spine, with qi rushing up to the heart, indicates pathogenic factors in the Small Intestine.
The *Nei Jing* states: Small Intestine disorders lead to diarrhea.
The *Yimen* states: Qi stagnation in the Small Intestine causes lower abdominal pain; Blood stasis in the Small Intestine causes difficult urination; Heat in the Small Intestine causes pain in the urethra.
It further states: The Small Intestine is the Fu-organ of the Heart. Diseases should be treated by promoting free flow and diuresis, using Dao Chi San (Guide Out Red Powder) or Chifushen Tang (Red Poria Decoction).
The *Mai Jing* states: Extinction of the Small Intestine meridian qi leads to death within six days. How is this known? The hair stands straight like dry hemp, the body cannot flex or extend, and spontaneous sweating does not cease.
Hematuria belongs to the Small Intestine and Bladder meridians.
Edema and swelling are divided into ten types. Urgent fullness of the lower abdomen is termed Small Intestine Water.
Tonification: Ostreae Concha (Muli), Dendrobii Caulis (Shihu).
Purgation/Draining: Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus (Congbai), Akebiae Caulis (Mutong), Perillae Folium (Zisu), Litchi Seed (Lizhihe).
Warming: Foeniculi Fructus (Da Huixiang), Anisi Fructus (Xiao Huixiang), Linderae Radix (Wuyao).
Cooling: Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin), Trichosanthis Radix (Tianhuafen).
Meridian-Guiding Agents: Qianghuo and Guiben (Ligustici Rhizoma et Radix) ascend; Huangbo (Phellodendri Cortex) descends.