脾者，卑也。在胃之下，裨助胃气，以化谷也。脾胃属土，俱从田字；胃居正中，
田字亦中；脾处于右，田亦偏右。
经曰∶脾者，仓廪之官，五味出焉。
遗篇《刺法论》曰∶脾为谏议之官，知周出焉。
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滑氏曰∶掩乎太仓。
华元化曰∶脾主消磨，养于四旁。
经曰∶形如刀镰，与胃同膜，而附其上之左，俞当十一椎下，闻声则动，动则
磨胃而主运化。其合肉也，其荣唇也，开窍于口。
《难经》曰∶脾重二斤三两，广扁三寸，长五寸，有散膏半斤，主裹血，温五脏，主藏意与智。
经曰∶足太阴脾经。
又曰∶是经多气少血。
又曰∶已时气血注于脾。
《黄庭经》人身神名曰脾神，常在字魂停。
又曰∶脾藏意，意者，记而不忘者也。
《内经》曰∶脾在志为思。
又曰∶思则气结。（注云，系心不散，故气亦停留而结也。）
皇甫谧曰∶思发于脾而成于心，过节则二脏俱伤。
《灵枢》曰∶因志而存变谓之思，因思而远慕谓之虑。
又曰∶怵惕思虑则伤神，神伤则恐惧流淫而不止。
又曰∶心有所忆谓之意。意之所存谓之志。因虑而处物谓之智也。
又曰∶脾气通于口，脾和则能知五谷矣。
又曰∶口唇者，脾之官也，脾病者，唇黄。
岐伯曰∶有所击仆，若醉入房，汗出当风则伤脾。
《难经》曰∶饮食劳倦则伤脾。
《入门》曰∶脾居中脘一寸二分。上去心三寸六分；下去心三寸六分；中间一寸
二分，名曰黄庭。脾居一身之中，故曰黄庭。
经曰∶脾者，在天之湿；在地之土；在人为脾；在时为四季；在方为中央；在色为黄；通窍唇口。
经曰∶脾脉者，土也。孤脏以灌四旁者也。
又曰∶脏真濡于脾脏，肌肉之气也。心火为母，肺金为子；与胃为腑，克肾水，主
养肌肉，若久坐则伤肉。司藏意智。其类土，其畜牛，其卦坤，其性信，其华在唇
四白，其谷稷，其虫蜾，其果枣，其菜葵，其应四时，上为镇星，其病在肉，其音宫，
宫者中也，土位居中，为五行建级也。其数五，其臭香，其声歌，其气呼，其液涎，
其味甘，外应四肢而色黄。然黄欲如罗裹雄黄，不欲如土。
《灵枢》曰∶脾应肉，肉 （ ，分理也。）坚大者胃浓。更脾主湿，然湿则伤脾。风气
胜则病，其病之候，则必面黄，善思善嗜，体重卵痛，四肢不改而怠惰。脾实则肢体
重着而不举，腹胀尿秘而善饥，昏睡身热而饮水。脾虚则少气，吐泻生风，或乳食
不消，肿胀肠鸣，四肢无力。脾绝则脐突唇反，环口黧黑，柔汁发黄。然脾绝者十
二日死。平脉则寄旺于四季之末各十八日，其脉温浓，盖因气行脏腑之间，故和平不
得见其衰乃形焉；贼脉则弦长而紧，与夫面青皆逆；危脉则状如鸡雀啄，止而复来。
经曰∶脾主长夏，中央己土，中央生湿，湿生土，土生甘，甘生脾。
又曰∶脾变动为哕。
《灵枢》曰∶脾者，主为卫使之回粮，视唇舌好恶，以知吉凶。黄色小理者脾小，
粗理者脾大，揭唇者脾高；唇下者脾下；唇坚者脾坚，唇大而不坚者脾脆；唇上下好
者，脾端正；唇偏举者，脾偏倾也。脾小则脏安，难伤于邪；脾大则苦凑， 而痛，
不能即行。脾高则 引季胁而痛；脾下则下加于大肠，脏苦受邪；脾坚则脏安难伤；
脾脆则善病消瘅；脾端正则和利难伤；脾偏倾则善满善胀也。
又曰∶腹为阴，阴中之至阴，脾也。脾为牝脏，牝者，阴也。
《入门》曰∶脾为谏议大夫。盖饮食人之大欲，心所欲食，而脾不能化，则不敢
食，故名为谏议也。巳脾土，辰胃土，位居中央，谓之孤脏，其形如马蹄，内包胃
脘象土形也。诸经之气交归于中，以营运之气，意之舍也。
又云∶脾为阴脏，位处中焦，主养四脏，故呼吸以受谷气，以其上有心肺，下
有肾肝，故曰在中。
又曰∶土寄王于四季，尤王于长夏。（六月也。）相于夏，废于秋，囚于冬，死于春。其
王日戊己；王时食时日 ；（食时，侵晨至食时也。 ，日囚也。）困日壬癸；困时人定夜半；死日
甲乙；死时平旦日出，皆本时也。（ ，音耋。）
经曰∶脾、胃、大小肠、三焦、膀胱者，仓廪之本，营之居也，名曰器。能化
糟粕转味而出入者也。其华在唇四白，其
充在肌，此至阴之类，通于土气。
又曰∶中央黄色入通于脾，开窍于口，藏精于脾，故病在舌本。
又曰∶谷气通于脾。
又曰∶精气并于脾则畏。
又曰∶脾恶湿。
又曰∶甘走肉，肉病无多食甘。
又曰∶久坐伤肉，劳于脾也。
又曰∶脾为万物之母。胃为水谷之海。
帝曰∶脾病而四肢不用，何也？岐伯曰∶四肢皆禀气于胃，而不得径至，必因
于脾，乃得禀也。今脾病不能为胃行其津液，四肢不得禀水谷气，气日以衰，脉道
不利，筋骨肌肉皆无气以生，故不用也。
帝曰∶脾不主时，何也？曰∶脾者，土也，治中央，常以四时长四脏，各十八日寄治，不得独主于时也。
（脾脏者，常着胃土之精也。土者，生万物而法天地，故上不至头，下不至足，不得主时也。）
帝曰∶脾与胃以膜相连耳，而能为之行其津液，何也？答曰∶足太阴者，三阴也。其脉贯胃属脾络嗌，
故太阴为之行气于三阳。脏腑各因其经而受气于阳明。
又曰∶脾俞在背十一椎旁，募在腹傍章门。
又曰∶黄欲如罗裹雄黄，不欲如黄土。
又曰∶如缟裹栝蒌实者生。
又曰∶脾热病，鼻先赤。
又曰∶脾热病者，先头重颊痛，烦心欲呕，身热，热争则腰痛不可俯仰，腹满
泄，两颔痛，甲乙甚，戊己大汗，气逆则甲乙死。刺足太阴、阳明。
又曰∶脉来实而盈，数如鸡举足曰脾病。
又曰∶脉来坚锐，如鸟之喙，如鸟之距，如屋之漏，如水之流，曰脾死。
又曰∶脾气盛，则体重肢不举。
又曰∶厥气客于脾，则梦丘陵大泽，坏屋风雨。
又曰∶脾弱病下利白肠垢，大便坚，不
更衣，汗出不止，或五液注下五色。（不更衣，不大便也。贵者入厕必更衣，故名。）
又曰∶脾胀者善哕，四肢急，体重不能胜之，（哕，苑入声。）卧不安。
又曰∶脾水者，腹大，四肢重，津液不生，但苦少气，小便难。
又曰∶脾约者，大便坚，小便利，而反不渴。
又曰∶脾疟者，令人寒，腹中痛，热则肠中鸣，鸣已汗出，刺足太阴。
又曰∶肾移热于脾，传为虚，肠 死，不可治。
又曰∶脾咳之状，咳则右 下痛，阴阴引肩背，甚则不可以动，动则咳剧。（剧，音极，增也。）
又曰∶脾风之状，多汗恶风，身体怠情，四肢不欲动，色薄微黄，不嗜食，诊在鼻上，其色黄。
（诊色，诊视也。）
又曰∶脾痹者，四肢懈惰，发咳呕汁，上为大塞。
又曰∶脾气热则胃干而渴，肌肉不仁发为肉痿。
帝曰∶四时之序，逆从之变异也。然脾脉独何主？岐伯曰∶脾脉者土也。孤脏
以灌四旁者也。帝曰∶然则脾善恶，可得见之乎？曰∶善者不可得见，恶者可见。曰∶
恶者何如可见？曰∶其来如水之流者，此谓太过；病在外如鸟之喙者，（喙，音诲，鸟嘴
也。）此谓不及；病在中，太过则令人四肢不举，不及则令人九窍不通，名曰重强。
又曰∶食管，乃胃管上原。
《内景》云∶脾长一尺掩太仓。而《灵枢》云∶脾长五寸，何不侔也。
《脉经》曰∶脾脉急甚，为螈 。（音讼。）微急，为膈满不食。
又曰∶缓甚为痿厥，微缓为风痿，四肢不收。
又曰∶大甚为击仆，微大为痞气，裹大脓血，在肠胃之外。
又曰∶心乃脾之母，以炒盐补之。
又曰∶脾实以枳实泻之，如无他证，以黄连泻之。
又曰∶脾主湿，自病则泄泻多睡，体重倦怠，急以苦燥之。
又曰∶实则泻赤黄，睡不露睛，泻黄散。
又曰∶虚则泄泻白色，睡则露睛，白术散。
又曰∶肝乘脾，贼邪风胜，泻而呕，茯苓半夏汤。
又曰∶心乘脾，虚邪壮热，体重而泻，羌活黄芩苍术甘草汤。
又曰∶肺乘脾，实邪能食，不大便而呕嗽，煎槟榔大黄汤，下葶苈丸
又曰∶肾乘脾，微邪，恶寒而泄，理中丸。
又曰∶凡脾之得病，必先察其肝心两脏之虚实，原其所始而疗之。盖肝为脾鬼，心是脾母，肝气盛则鬼胜，心气亏
则脾之生气不足，盛者抑之则退，亏者益之则平，故有抑肝益心二药，诊其脉，肝心二脏俱和，是脾自生疾矣，须察
本经虚实而治之。（此即贵法）
又曰∶小甚为寒热，微小为消瘅。
又曰∶涩甚为颓癃。（颓，下坠也。）微滑为虫毒、肠鸣、热。
又曰∶滑甚为肠 ，（ ，音颓，阴病。）微涩为内 ，多下脓血也。
经曰∶是动则舌本强，食则呕，胃脘痛，腹胀善噫，得后与气则快然如衰，身体皆重，是主脾。（气音屁。强音降）
又曰∶所生病者，舌本痛，体不能动摇，食不下，烦心，心下急痛，寒疟，溏瘕泄，水闭，黄胆，不能卧，强立股膝
内肿厥，（厥，发也。）足大指不用。盛者，寸口大三倍于人迎，虚者，寸口反小于人迎也。
足太阴脾引经药歌∶
己脾（当）归缩（砂仁黄） 防（风益）智仁，代赭（石吴）茱萸赤茯苓，苍（术）白（术白豆）蔻（甘）草麻
（黄饴糖）半夏，元胡（索）白芍缩砂行。（赭，音者，赤色。）
经曰∶脾受肝热邪，多吐逆；受肝冷邪，多飧泄。
又曰∶甘走肉，肉病无多食甘。
又曰∶谷气通于脾。
又曰∶久坐伤肉，劳于脾也。
又曰∶精气并于脾，则畏。
又曰∶损其脾者，调其饮食，适其寒温。
经曰∶湿胜则濡泻。（湿胜则内攻于脾胃，脾胃受湿，则水谷不分，故大肠传导而注泻也。）
又曰∶得谷者昌，失谷者亡。
又曰∶诸湿肿满，皆属于脾。
又曰∶脾实则身重善饥，肉痿足不收行，善螈，脚下痛。虚则腹满，肠鸣飧泄，
食不化。脾有余则腹胀，泾溲不利；不足则四肢不用。
《灵枢》曰∶邪在脾胃，则病肌肉痛。阳气有余，阴气不足，则热中善饥；阳气
不足，阴气有余，则寒中肠鸣腹痛。
又曰∶脾藏营，营舍意，脾气虚则四肢不用，五脏不安，实则腹胀，泾溲不利。
（注曰∶泾，大便也。溲，小便也。）
《难经》曰∶外证面黄，善噫，善思，善味，内证当脐有动气，按之牢苦痛，其
病腹胀，满食不消，体重节痛，怠惰嗜卧，四肢不收，有是者脾也，无是者非也。
经曰∶大骨枯槁，大肉陷下，胸中气满，喘息不便，内痛引肩项，身热，脱肉
破，真脏见，十月之内死。（注曰∶此脾之脏也。期三百日内死。）
又曰∶肝传之脾，病名曰脾风，发瘅腹中热，烦心目黄。脾热者色黄而肉蠕动。
又曰∶病在脾，愈在秋，秋不愈，甚于春，春不死，持于夏，起于长夏。（凡病以
五脏时日占病愈甚，极准。钱仲阳深得其理，学人宜究心焉。《纲目》）
又曰∶脾病者，愈在庚辛，庚辛不愈，加于甲乙，甲乙不死，持于丙丁，起于戊己。
又曰∶脾病者，日 慧，日出甚，下晡静。
又曰∶脾在志为思，思伤脾，怒胜思。
丹溪曰∶思伤脾者，以怒胜之，以喜解之。（五志之火，郁而成痰，为癫狂；宜以人事制之，
所谓五志相胜为治也。妇女思想气结之证，惟不食困卧如痴，无他病，多向里床坐。盖脾主思，过思则脾气结
而不食。怒属肝木，怒则木气升发而冲开脾气也，故怒胜之。夫医贵有才，无才则何以应变无穷。）
经曰∶脏气绝，则神见于外。（一士人喜观书，忘食。一日有紫衣人立于前曰∶公不可苦思，思则
我死矣。问其何人？曰∶我谷神也。于是绝思而食如故矣。）
经曰∶脾苦湿，急食苦以燥之。脾欲缓，急食甘以缓之。脾苦湿，是有余，宜白术。脾欲缓，是不足，宜
甘草。以甘补之，人参；以苦泻之，黄连；脾虚以甘草、大枣之类补之；脾实以枳实泻之。
《灵枢》曰∶足太阴气绝，则脉不荣肌肉。唇舌者，肌肉之本也。脉不荣则肌肉
软，肌肉软则舌痿，人中满，人中满则唇反，唇反者，肉先死。甲日笃，乙日死。
《灵枢》曰∶愁忧不解则伤意，意为脾神也。
思而动血者，属脾。
肿胀水肿有十种之分，四肢苦重为脾水。总而论之，肾虚不能行水，脾虚不能
制水，凡肿先起于腹，而散于四肢者，可治；自四肢而归于腹者，难疗。
经曰∶黄如蟹膏者生，黄如枳实者死。
又曰∶实则梦欢歌快乐，虚则梦饮食相争。
又曰∶太阴终者，腹胀闭，不得息，善噫善呕，呕则逆，逆则面赤，不逆则上下
不通。上下不通则面黑，皮毛焦而终矣。
《脉经》曰∶脾绝十二日死。（一云∶五日死。）何以知之？口冷足肿，腹热胪胀，泄利不觉，出时无度。
仲景曰∶环口黧黑，柔汗发黄者，此为脾绝。
补∶人参、黄 、甘草、莲子、扁豆、苍术、白术、茯苓、山药、芡实、陈皮。
泻∶枳实、石膏、青皮。
温∶丁香、藿香、胡椒、吴茱萸、附子、肉桂、良姜。
凉∶玄明粉、滑石。
脾，名称源于“卑”（卑微、辅佐之意）。它位于胃的下方，辅助胃气，以消化谷物。脾和胃都归属于土行，字形上都从“田”；胃居于正中，正如“田”字的中间部分；脾处于右侧，“田”字也偏向右边。
经典记载：脾是掌管仓库的官员，五味由此产生。
遗篇《刺法论》说：脾是谏议之官，智慧周遍由此产生。
滑寿说：脾覆盖在太仓（胃）之上。
华佗说：脾主管食物的消磨，滋养身体的四周。
经典记载：脾的形状像刀镰，与胃有相同的膜相连，附着在胃的左侧，其背俞穴对应第十一椎骨下方，听到声音会震动，震动时研磨胃从而主管运化功能。脾主肌肉，其荣华表现在口唇，开窍于口。
《难经》说：脾重二斤三两，宽扁三寸，长五寸，另有一块半斤重的散膏，主要包裹血液，温煦五脏，主管藏意与智。
经典记载：足太阴脾经。
又说：这条经脉多气少血。
又说：巳时（上午9-11点）气血注入脾。
《黄庭经》中人身神名曰脾神，常居住在“魂停”处。
又说：脾藏意，所谓意，就是记忆而不忘记的东西。
《内经》说：脾的情志为思。
又说：思虑过度则气机郁结。（注解说，因为心系念不散，所以气也随之停留而结聚。）
皇甫谧说：思虑发端于脾而完成于心，如果过节分太过，则两脏都会受伤。
《灵枢》说：根据志向而进行存想变化叫做思，因为思虑而远慕向往叫做虑。
又说：恐惧思虑则会损伤神，神受损则会出现恐惧、精气流失不止的症状。
又说：心中有所回忆称为意。意所存留称为志。因思虑而处理事物称为智。
又说：脾气通于口，脾功能调和就能辨别五谷的味道。
又说：口唇是脾的外候器官，脾有病的人，嘴唇发黄。
岐伯说：遭受跌打撞击，或者醉酒后行房事，出汗后受风，都会损伤脾。
《入门》说：脾位于中脘穴下一寸二分处。距离心脏上方三寸六分，距离心脏下方三寸六分；中间一寸二分的地方，名叫黄庭。脾位居身体中央，所以叫黄庭。
经典记载：脾，在天为湿，在地为土，在人属脾，在时为四季之末，在方位为中央，在色为黄，通窍于唇口。
经典记载：脾脉属于土。它是孤独的脏器，用来灌溉四肢百骸。
又说：脏真之气濡养于脾脏，表现为肌肉之气。心火是脾之母，肺金是脾之子；脾与胃互为表里，克制肾水，主要滋养肌肉，如果久坐不动则会伤肉。脾主管藏意与智。它的类别属土，家畜为牛，卦象为坤，性质为信，荣华在口唇四周的白色部分，五谷为稷，虫类为蜾蠃，果实为枣，蔬菜为葵，应合四时，天上对应镇星（土星），病变部位在肌肉，音律为宫，宫即中，土位居中央，是五行建立等级的基础。其数为五，气味为香，声音为歌，气息为呼，体液为涎，味道为甘，外应四肢且面色黄。然而黄色应当像罗纱包裹着雄黄那样明润含蓄，不应当像泥土那样枯槁无泽。
《灵枢》说：脾应合于肉，肌肉纹理细密坚实者胃气浓厚。脾又主湿，但湿气过重则会伤脾。风气胜则发病，病症表现一定是面色黄，喜欢思虑和嗜睡，身体沉重，睾丸疼痛，四肢没有明显改变但感到怠惰无力。脾实证则肢体沉重抬不起来，腹胀尿闭且容易饥饿，昏睡身热且想喝水。脾虚证则气短，呕吐腹泻生风，或者乳食不消化，腹部肿胀肠鸣，四肢无力。脾绝证则肚脐突出，嘴唇外翻，口周发黑，冷汗出且色黄。脾绝证通常在十二天内死亡。平脉则寄旺于四季之末各十八天，其脉温和浓厚，这是因为气行于脏腑之间，所以平和时看不出衰败，只有生病时才显现出来；贼脉则弦长而紧，加上面色青都是逆证；危脉则状如鸡雀啄米，停顿后又来。
经典记载：脾主长夏，属中央己土，中央生湿，湿生土，土生甘味，甘味生脾。
又说：脾的变动表现为呃逆。
《灵枢》说：脾是主管卫气运行的使者，通过观察唇舌的好坏，来预知吉凶。黄色纹理细小者脾小，纹理粗大者脾大，嘴唇上翘者脾位置高；嘴唇下垂者脾位置低；嘴唇坚实者脾体坚，嘴唇大但不坚实者脾体脆；嘴唇上下匀称者脾端正；嘴唇偏斜上举者脾偏倾。脾小则内脏安宁，难被邪气伤害；脾大则苦于胁下凑迫，牵引作痛，不能立即行走。脾位置高则牵引季胁疼痛；脾位置低下则压迫大肠，内脏苦于受邪；脾体坚则内脏安宁难受伤；脾体脆则容易患消瘅病；脾端正则调和顺利难受伤；脾偏倾则容易胀满。
又说：腹部属阴，阴中之至阴，指的就是脾。脾为牝脏，牝者，阴也。
《入门》说：脾是谏议大夫。大概饮食是人的大欲，心里想吃，而脾不能消化，就不敢吃，所以命名为谏议。巳时属脾土，辰时属胃土，位居中央，被称为孤脏，其形状像马蹄，内部包绕胃脘，象征土的形状。各条经脉的气交汇归于中焦，以营运之气，作为意的居所。
又说：脾为阴脏，位处中焦，主管滋养四脏，所以呼吸以接受谷气，因为其上有心肺，下有肾肝，所以说在中。
又说：土寄旺于四季，尤其旺于长夏。（六月）相于夏季，废于秋季，囚于冬季，死于春季。其王日在戊己；王时在食时（侵晨至食时）；囚日在壬癸；囚时在人定夜半；死日在甲乙；死时在平旦日出，都基于时辰。（音耋）。
经典记载：脾、胃、大小肠、三焦、膀胱，是仓廪的根本，营气居住的地方，名叫器。能转化糟粕，转输五味并出入体内。其荣华在唇四白，其充实在肌肉，这是至阴的一类，通于土气。
又说：中央黄色入通于脾，开窍于口，藏精于脾，所以病在舌根。
又说：谷气通于脾。
又说：精气并入脾则会产生畏惧感。
又说：脾厌恶湿气。
又说：甘味走肉，肉有病不要多吃甘味食物。
又说：久坐伤肉，这是劳累了脾。
又说：脾是万物的母亲。胃是水谷的海。
黄帝问：脾病导致四肢不能使用，为什么呢？岐伯答：四肢都禀受胃气，但不能直接到达，必须依靠脾，才能禀受。现在脾病不能为胃输送津液，四肢得不到水谷之气，气日益衰弱，脉道不利，筋骨肌肉都没有气来生成，所以不能活动。
黄帝问：脾不主时，为什么呢？回答说：脾属土，治理中央，常常在四季中滋养四脏，每季最后十八天寄治，不能单独主宰一个季节。
（脾脏，常常附着于胃土的精气。土，生万物而效法天地，所以上不到头，下不到脚，不能单独主时。）
黄帝问：脾与胃仅以膜相连，却能为其输送津液，为什么呢？回答说：足太阴脾经，是三阴经之一。其脉贯串胃，属脾，络咽喉，所以太阴为之在三阳经中运行气。脏腑各自因其经脉从阳明胃接收气。
又说：脾俞穴在背部第十一椎旁，募穴在腹部旁边的章门。
又说：黄色应当像罗纱包裹雄黄，不应当像黄土。
又说：像白色丝绢包裹瓜蒌实那样的色泽主生。
又说：脾热病，鼻子先发红。
又说：脾热病患者，先出现头重脸颊痛，心烦想吐，身热，热争则腰痛不可俯仰，腹胀满泄泻，两侧下颌痛，甲乙日加重，戊己日大汗，气逆则甲乙日死亡。针刺足太阴、阳明经。
又说：脉来实而充盈，快如鸡举足，称为脾病。
又说：脉来坚硬锐利，像鸟嘴，像鸟爪，像屋漏滴水，像水流去，称为脾死。
又说：脾气盛，则身体沉重四肢抬不起来。
又说：厥气客居脾，则梦见丘陵大泽，破屋风雨。
又说：脾弱病见下利白肠垢，大便坚硬，不大便，汗出不止，或者五液流出五色。（不更衣，即不大便。贵人上厕所必换衣服，所以叫不更衣。）
又说：脾胀者善于呃逆，四肢拘急，身体沉重不能承受，卧不安稳。
又说：脾水者，腹部肿大，四肢沉重，津液不生，只苦于气短，小便困难。
又说：脾约者，大便坚硬，小便通畅，反而不渴。
又说：脾疟者，使人发冷，腹中痛，热则肠中鸣响，鸣响后出汗，针刺足太阴经。
又说：肾移热于脾，传变为虚证，肠澼死，不可治。
又说：脾咳的症状，咳嗽时右胁下痛，隐隐牵引肩背，严重时不可以动，动则咳嗽加剧。
又说：脾风的症状，多汗恶风，身体怠惰，四肢不想动，面色淡微黄，不爱吃东西，诊察部位在鼻上，颜色黄。
（诊色，即诊视颜色。）
又说：脾痹者，四肢懈怠懒惰，发作咳嗽呕汁，上部为大塞。
又说：脾气热则胃干而渴，肌肉麻木不仁发为肉痿。
黄帝问：四时的顺序，有逆顺的变化。然而脾脉独自主什么？岐伯说：脾脉属土。是孤独的脏器，用来灌溉四肢。黄帝问：那么脾的好坏，可以看出来吗？回答说：好的看不出来，坏的可以看出来。黄帝问：坏的表现如何看出来？回答说：脉来如水流动，这叫太过；病在外像鸟嘴一样尖锐，这叫不及；病在中，太过则让人四肢抬不起来，不及则让人九窍不通，名叫重强。
《内景》说：脾长一尺覆盖太仓。而《灵枢》说：脾长五寸，为什么不等同呢？
《脉经》说：脾脉急甚，为抽搐。（音讼。）微急，为膈满不吃东西。
又说：缓甚为痿厥，微缓为风痿，四肢不收。
又说：大甚为击仆，微大为痞气，裹挟大脓血，在肠胃之外。
又说：心是脾之母，用炒盐补之。
又说：脾实用枳实泻之，如果没有其他证候，用黄连泻之。
又说：脾主湿，自病则泄泻多睡，身体沉重倦怠，急需苦燥药治疗。
又说：实证泻赤黄色，睡觉不露睛，用泻黄散。
又说：虚证泄泻白色，睡觉露睛，用白术散。
又说：肝乘脾，贼邪风胜，泻而呕，用茯苓半夏汤。
又说：心乘脾，虚邪壮热，体重而泻，用羌活黄芩苍术甘草汤。
又说：肺乘脾，实邪能食，不大便而呕嗽，煎槟榔大黄汤，下葶苈丸。
又说：肾乘脾，微邪，恶寒而泄，用理中丸。
又说：凡是脾得病，必须先察其肝心两脏的虚实，推究起始原因而治疗。盖肝为脾鬼，心是脾母，肝气盛则鬼胜，心气亏则脾的生气不足，盛的抑制它就退去，亏的补益它就平衡，所以有抑肝益心两种药物，诊其脉，肝心两脏都和谐，这是脾自己生病，必须察本经虚实而治。（这就是贵法）
又说：小甚为寒热，微小为消瘅。
又说：涩甚为颓癃。（颓，下坠。）微滑为虫毒、肠鸣、热。
又说：滑甚为肠疝，（音颓，阴病。）微涩为内痔，多下脓血。
经典记载：是动则舌根强，进食则呕，胃脘痛，腹胀善噫，得后气则快然如衰，身体皆重，这是脾经主病。（气音屁。强音降）
又说：所生病者，舌根痛，身体不能动摇，吃不下去，心烦，心下急痛，寒疟，溏瘕泄，水闭，黄疸，不能卧，强行站立股膝内侧肿厥，（厥，发也。）足大趾不用。盛者，寸口脉比人迎大三倍，虚者，寸口脉反而小于人迎。
足太阴脾引经药歌：
己脾当归缩砂防风水菖蒲益智仁，代赭石吴茱萸赤茯苓，苍术白豆蔻甘草麻黄饴糖半夏，元胡索白芍缩砂行。（赭，音者，赤色。）
经典记载：脾受肝热邪，多吐逆；受肝冷邪，多飧泄。
又说：甘味走肉，肉有病不要多吃甘味食物。
又说：谷气通于脾。
又说：久坐伤肉，这是劳累了脾。
又说：精气并入脾，则畏惧。
又说：损其脾者，调其饮食，适其寒温。
经典记载：湿胜则濡泻。（湿胜则内攻于脾胃，脾胃受湿，则水谷不分，故大肠传导而注泻也。）
又说：得谷者昌，失谷者亡。
又说：诸湿肿满，皆属于脾。
又说：脾实则身重善饥，肉痿足不收行，善抽搐，脚下痛。虚则腹满，肠鸣飧泄，食不化。脾有余则腹胀，二便不利；不足则四肢不用。
《灵枢》说：邪在脾胃，则病肌肉痛。阳气有余，阴气不足，则热中善饥；阳气不足，阴气有余，则寒中肠鸣腹痛。
又说：脾藏营，营舍意，脾气虚则四肢不用，五脏不安，实则腹胀，二便不利。
（注曰：泾，大便也。溲，小便也。）
《难经》说：外证面黄，善噫，善思，善味，内证当脐有动气，按之牢苦痛，其病腹胀，满食不消，体重节痛，怠惰嗜卧，四肢不收，有这些是脾病，没有这些就不是。
经典记载：大骨枯槁，大肉陷下，胸中气满，喘息不便，内痛引肩项，身热，脱肉破腠，真脏见，十月之内死。（注曰：此脾之脏也。期三百日内死。）
又说：肝传之脾，病名曰脾风，发瘅腹中热，烦心目黄。脾热者色黄而肉蠕动。
又说：病在脾，愈在秋，秋不愈，甚于春，春不死，持于夏，起于长夏。（凡病以五脏时日占病愈甚，极准。钱仲阳深得其理，学人宜究心焉。《纲目》）
又说：脾病者，愈在庚辛，庚辛不愈，加于甲乙，甲乙不死，持于丙丁，起于戊己。
又说：脾病者，日晡慧，日出甚，下晡静。
又说：脾在志为思，思伤脾，怒胜思。
丹溪说：思伤脾者，以怒胜之，以喜解之。（五志之火，郁而成痰，为癫狂；宜以人事制之，所谓五志相胜为治也。妇女思想气结之证，惟不食困卧如痴，无他病，多向里床坐。盖脾主思，过思则脾气结而不食。怒属肝木，怒则木气升发而冲开脾气也，故怒胜之。夫医贵有才，无才则何以应变无穷。）
经典记载：脏气绝，则神见于外。（一士人喜观书，忘食。一日有紫衣人立于前曰：公不可苦思，思则我死矣。问其何人？曰：我谷神也。于是绝思而食如故矣。）
经典记载：脾苦湿，急食苦以燥之。脾欲缓，急食甘以缓之。脾苦湿，是有余，宜白术。脾欲缓，是不足，宜甘草。以甘补之，人参；以苦泻之，黄连；脾虚以甘草、大枣之类补之；脾实以枳实泻之。
《灵枢》说：足太阴气绝，则脉不荣肌肉。唇舌者，肌肉之本也。脉不荣则肌肉软，肌肉软则舌痿，人中满，人中满则唇反，唇反者，肉先死。甲日笃，乙日死。
肿胀水肿有十种之分，四肢苦重为脾水。总而论之，肾虚不能行水，脾虚不能制水，凡肿先起于腹，而散于四肢者，可治；自四肢而归于腹者，难疗。
经典记载：黄如蟹膏者生，黄如枳实者死。
又说：实则梦欢歌快乐，虚则梦饮食相争。
又说：太阴终者，腹胀闭，不得息，善噫善呕，呕则逆，逆则面赤，不逆则上下不通。上下不通则面黑，皮毛焦而终矣。
《脉经》说：脾绝十二日死。（一说五日死。）怎么知道？口冷足肿，腹热胪胀，泄利不觉，出时无度。
补：人参、黄芪、甘草、莲子、扁豆、苍术、白术、茯苓、山药、芡实、陈皮。
泻：枳实、石膏、青皮。
温：丁香、藿香、胡椒、吴茱萸、附子、肉桂、良姜。
凉：玄明粉、滑石。
Spleen, named for its "lowly" (humble and assisting) nature. It is located below the stomach, assisting Stomach Qi to transform grains. Spleen and Stomach belong to Earth, both sharing the character "field" (Tian); Stomach resides in the center, just as the middle of the "field" character; Spleen is on the right, and the "field" character also leans to the right.
The Classics state: Spleen is the official of the granary, from which the five flavors emerge.
The lost chapter *Ci Fa Lun* states: Spleen is the official of admonition, from which comprehensive wisdom emerges.
Hua Shuo said: It covers the Tai Cang (Stomach).
Hua Tuo said: Spleen governs digestion and nourishes the four extremities.
The Classics state: Its shape is like a sickle, connected by the same membrane to the Stomach, attached to the left side of the Stomach. Its Back-Shu point corresponds to below the 11th thoracic vertebra. It moves upon hearing sound; when it moves, it grinds the Stomach and governs transformation and transportation. It governs muscles, its luster manifests in the lips, and it opens into the mouth.
*Nan Jing* states: The Spleen weighs two jin and three liang, is three inches wide and flat, five inches long, with an additional half-jin of loose fat. It primarily envelops blood, warms the five Zang organs, and houses Yi (Intent) and Zhi (Wisdom).
The Classics state: Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian.
It further states: This meridian has abundant Qi and scarce Blood.
It further states: At Si hour (9-11 AM), Qi and Blood flow into the Spleen.
*Huang Ting Jing* names the spirit of the body residing in the Spleen as "Spleen Spirit," often staying at "Hun Ting."
It further states: Spleen houses Yi (Intent). Yi refers to memory that is not forgotten.
*Nei Jing* states: The emotion associated with Spleen is Si (Pensiveness).
It further states: Pensiveness causes Qi stagnation. (Note: Because the Heart's focus does not disperse, Qi also stays and knots.)
Huangfu Mi said: Pensiveness originates in the Spleen and completes in the Heart. If excessive, both organs are injured.
*Ling Shu* states: Considering aspirations and making changes is called Si (Pensiveness); due to pensiveness, longing far away is called Lv (Deliberation).
It further states: Fear and pensiveness injure Shen (Spirit). When Shen is injured, fear flows and leaks without stopping.
It further states: Recalling something in the heart is called Yi (Intent). What remains in Yi is called Zhi (Will). Handling matters based on deliberation is called Zhi (Wisdom).
It further states: Spleen Qi connects to the mouth. When Spleen is harmonious, one can discern the taste of grains.
It further states: Lips are the external organ of Spleen. In Spleen disease, lips turn yellow.
Qibo said: Being struck or fallen, having intercourse while drunk, or sweating and exposed to wind will injure the Spleen.
*Nan Jing* states: Improper diet and fatigue injure the Spleen.
*Rumen* states: Spleen is located one cun and two fen below Zhongwan. It is three cun and six fen above the Heart, and three cun and six fen below the Heart; the middle one cun and two fen is named Huang Ting. Since Spleen resides in the center of the body, it is called Huang Ting.
The Classics state: Spleen, in Heaven is Dampness; on Earth is Soil; in Humans is Spleen; in Seasons is the end of each season; in Direction is Center; in Color is Yellow; connecting orifices to lips and mouth.
The Classics state: Spleen pulse belongs to Earth. It is the solitary Zang organ that irrigates the four sides.
It further states: The True Qi of Zang organs moistens the Spleen, manifesting as Qi of muscles. Heart Fire is the Mother, Lung Metal is the Child; it forms a Fu-Zang pair with Stomach, controls Kidney Water, and primarily nourishes muscles. Prolonged sitting injures muscles. It houses Yi (Intent) and Zhi (Wisdom). Its category is Earth, domestic animal is Ox, trigram is Kun, nature is Trustworthiness, luster is in the white area around lips, grain is Ji (Millet), insect is Guoluo, fruit is Jujube, vegetable is Kelp/Celery, corresponds to four seasons, heavenly body is Zhenxing (Saturn), disease location is muscles, musical note is Gong (Center), Gong means Center, Earth resides in the center, establishing the hierarchy of Five Elements. Its number is five, odor is Fragrant, sound is Song, breath is Hu, fluid is Xian (Saliva), taste is Sweet, externally corresponds to four limbs and color Yellow. However, yellow should be like brocade wrapping realgar, not like earth.
*Ling Shu* states: Spleen corresponds to flesh. Flesh with fine texture indicates thick Stomach Qi. Spleen governs Dampness, but excessive Dampness injures Spleen. If Wind pathogen prevails, disease occurs, characterized by yellow complexion, frequent thinking and嗜睡 (somnolence), heavy body, testicular pain, limbs unchanged but feeling lazy. Spleen Excess presents as heavy limbs unable to lift, abdominal distension, urinary retention, and frequent hunger with drowsy fever and thirst. Spleen Deficiency presents as shortness of breath, vomiting and diarrhea generating Wind, indigestion, abdominal swelling and borborygmus, and limb weakness. Spleen Exhaustion presents as protruding umbilicus, everted lips, black ring around mouth, soft sweat, and yellowish hue. Spleen Exhaustion leads to death within twelve days. Normal pulse thrives at the end of each season for eighteen days; the pulse is warm and thick because Qi circulates among Zang-Fu, so peace shows no decline until illness appears. Treacherous pulse is wiry, long, and tight, accompanied by green face, indicating adverse prognosis. Critical pulse resembles a chicken pecking, stopping then coming again.
The Classics state: Spleen governs Late Summer, Central Ji Earth. Center generates Dampness, Dampness generates Earth, Earth generates Sweet taste, Sweet taste generates Spleen.
It further states: Spleen's movement manifests as hiccups.
*Ling Shu* states: Spleen acts as the guard envoy returning provisions, observing lips and tongue to know auspiciousness or inauspiciousness. Small fine texture indicates small Spleen; coarse texture indicates large Spleen; raised lips indicate high Spleen; drooping lips indicate low Spleen; firm lips indicate firm Spleen; large but unfirm lips indicate fragile Spleen; symmetrical lips indicate upright Spleen; slanted lifted lips indicate tilted Spleen. Small Spleen ensures internal peace, hard to injure by pathogens. Large Spleen suffers from hypochondriac fullness and pain, inability to walk quickly. High Spleen pulls costal margin causing pain. Low Spleen presses on Large Intestine, organs suffer pathogens. Firm Spleen ensures internal peace. Fragile Spleen prone to Xiao Dan (wasting-thirst). Upright Spleen is harmonious and hard to injure. Tilted Spleen prone to fullness and distension.
It further states: Abdomen is Yin, Yin among Yin, referring to Spleen. Spleen is a Pin (Yin) organ; Pin means Yin.
*Rumen* states: Spleen is an Admonishing Official. Diet is a great human desire. If the Heart desires food but Spleen cannot transform it, one dares not eat, hence named Admonishing. Si hour belongs to Spleen Earth, Chen hour to Stomach Earth, residing in Center, called Solitary Organ. Shape like horse hoof, internally enclosing Stomach cavity symbolizing Earth form. Qi of all meridians converges in Middle Jiao, using Ying (Nutritive) Qi as the residence of Intent.
It further states: Spleen is a Yin organ, located in Middle Jiao, governing nourishment of four Zang organs. Thus, respiration accepts Grain Qi. With Heart-Lung above and Kidney-Liver below, it is said to be in the Center.
It further states: Earth thrives in four seasons, especially in Late Summer. (June). It is Xiang (Assistant) in Summer, Fei (Abandoned) in Autumn, Qiu (Imprisoned) in Winter, Si (Dead) in Spring. Its thriving days are Wu-Ji; thriving time is Shi Shi (early morning to mealtime); imprisoned days are Ren-Gui; imprisoned time is Ren Ding (midnight); dead days are Jia-Yi; dead time is Ping Dan (sunrise), all based on time.
The Classics state: Spleen, Stomach, Large Intestine, Small Intestine, San Jiao, Bladder are the root of granaries, residence of Ying (Nutritive) Qi, named Qi (Vessel). They transform dregs, transfer flavors, and manage entry/exit. Luster in lip whites,充实 in muscles. This is a type of Extreme Yin, connecting to Earth Qi.
It further states: Central Yellow enters and connects to Spleen, opens into mouth, stores essence in Spleen, so disease is at tongue root.
It further states: Grain Qi connects to Spleen.
It further states: Essence and Qi merging in Spleen causes fear.
It further states: Spleen dislikes Dampness.
It further states: Sweet enters muscles. For muscle disease, do not eat much sweet.
It further states: Prolonged sitting injures muscles, laboring the Spleen.
It further states: Spleen is mother of all things. Stomach is sea of water and grains.
Emperor asked: Why does Spleen disease cause limb immobility? Qibo answered: Limbs receive Qi from Stomach but cannot reach directly; they must rely on Spleen to receive it. Now Spleen disease cannot transport fluids for Stomach; limbs do not receive water-grain Qi. Qi declines daily, meridians become obstructed, sinews, bones, and muscles lack Qi to generate, thus immobility.
Emperor asked: Why does Spleen not govern a specific season? Answer: Spleen is Earth, governing Center. It constantly nourishes four Zang organs during four seasons, ruling for eighteen days at the end of each season, not governing a single season alone.
(Spleen constantly attaches to the essence of Stomach Earth. Earth generates all things following Heaven and Earth, so it does not reach head or feet, nor govern a season alone.)
Emperor asked: Spleen and Stomach are connected only by membrane, yet how does it transport fluids? Answer: Foot-Taiyin is one of the Three Yin meridians. Its vessel penetrates Stomach, belongs to Spleen, and connects to throat. Thus, Taiyin transports Qi to Three Yang. Zang-Fu organs receive Qi from Yangming via their meridians.
It further states: Spleen Shu is beside 11th thoracic vertebra on back; Mu point is Zhangmen on abdomen.
It further states: Yellow should be like brocade wrapping realgar, not like loess.
It further states: Like silk wrapping Trichosanthes fruit indicates life.
It further states: Spleen Heat disease, nose turns red first.
It further states: Spleen Heat patients first have heavy head, cheek pain, vexation, desire to vomit, body heat. Heat struggle causes lower back pain unable to bend/extend, abdominal fullness, diarrhea, bilateral mandible pain. Worsens on Jia-Yi days, profuse sweat on Wu-Ji days. Qi reversal leads to death on Jia-Yi days. Needle Foot-Taiyin and Yangming.
It further states: Pulse coming solid and full, fast like chicken lifting foot, indicates Spleen disease.
It further states: Pulse coming hard and sharp, like bird beak, bird claw, leaking roof, flowing water, indicates Spleen death.
It further states: Spleen Qi excess, body heavy, limbs unable to lift.
It further states: Jue Qi invading Spleen, dreams of hills, marshes, broken houses, wind, rain.
It further states: Spleen weakness disease with white intestinal mucus diarrhea, hard stool, constipation, continuous sweating, or five fluids flowing in five colors. (Constipation: nobles changed clothes for toilet, hence name.)
It further states: Spleen distension involves frequent hiccups, limb stiffness, heavy body unable to bear, restless sleep.
It further states: Spleen Water involves abdominal enlargement, limb heaviness, lack of fluids, shortness of breath, difficult urination.
It further states: Spleen Constraint involves hard stool, free urination, yet no thirst.
It further states: Spleen Malaria causes chills, abdominal pain. Heat causes bowel sounds, followed by sweating. Needle Foot-Taiyin.
It further states: Kidney transferring heat to Spleen transmits to deficiency, Chang Pi (intestinal dysentery) death, incurable.
It further states: Symptoms of Spleen Cough: coughing causes right hypochondriac pain, dull pulling to shoulder/back. Severe cases cannot move; movement worsens cough.
It further states: Symptoms of Spleen Wind: excessive sweating, aversion to wind, body lethargy, limbs unwilling to move, pale slightly yellow complexion, poor appetite. Diagnosis at nose, color yellow.
(Diagnosis color: observing color.)
It further states: Spleen Bi involves limb laxity, coughing with saliva, upper obstruction.
It further states: Spleen Qi Heat causes dry mouth/thirst, muscle numbness developing into Rou Wei (flesh atrophy).
Emperor asked: Four seasons have order and variation. Why does Spleen pulse govern specifically? Qibo said: Spleen pulse is Earth. Solitary organ irrigating four sides. Emperor asked: Can Spleen good/bad be seen? Answer: Good cannot be seen, bad can be seen. Emperor asked: How to see bad? Answer: Coming like flowing water is Excess; disease outside like bird beak is Deficiency; disease inside, Excess causes limb immobility, Deficiency causes nine orifices blockage, named Chong Qiang.
It further states: Esophagus is the origin of the Stomach tube.
*Nei Jing* says: Spleen length one chi covering Tai Cang. *Ling Shu* says: Spleen length five cun. Why unequal?
*Mai Jing* states: Spleen pulse urgent severe, for convulsions. Mild urgent, for diaphragm fullness anorexia.
It further states: Slow severe for Wei Jue (atrophy/cold limbs), mild slow for Feng Wei (wind atrophy), limbs unreceptive.
It further states: Large severe for being struck/fallen, mild large for Pi Qi (lump), containing pus/blood outside intestines/stomach.
It further states: Heart is Spleen Mother, supplement with fried salt.
It further states: Spleen Excess drain with Zhi Shi (Immature Bitter Orange). If no other symptoms, drain with Huang Lian (Coptis Rhizome).
It further states: Spleen governs Dampness. Self-disease causes diarrhea, somnolence, heavy body, fatigue. Urgently use bitter drying herbs.
It further states: Excess drains red-yellow, sleep eyes closed, use Xie Huang San.
It further states: Deficiency drains white, sleep eyes open, use Bai Zhu San.
It further states: Liver overacting Spleen, thief evil wind prevails, diarrhea with vomiting, use Fu Ling Ban Xia Tang.
It further states: Heart overacting Spleen, false evil strong heat, heavy body with diarrhea, use Qiang Huo Huang Qin Cang Zhu Gan Cao Tang.
It further states: Lung overacting Spleen, real evil able to eat, constipation with vomiting/cough, decoct Bing Lang Da Huang Tang, administer Ting Li Wan.
It further states: Kidney overacting Spleen, minor evil, aversion to cold with diarrhea, use Li Zhong Wan.
It further states: Whenever Spleen gets diseased, first examine Liver and Heart Zang deficiency/excess, trace origin and treat. Liver is Spleen Ghost, Heart is Spleen Mother. Liver Qi excess makes Ghost prevail; Heart Qi deficiency makes Spleen Sheng Qi insufficient. Suppress excess to retreat, tonify deficiency to balance. Hence two drugs: Suppress Liver, Benefit Heart. Diagnose pulse: if Liver-Heart harmonious, Spleen self-diseases. Must examine primary meridian deficiency/excess to treat. (This is Noble Method)
It further states: Small severe for cold/heat, minute/small for Xiao Dan.
It further states: Choppy severe for Tui Long (hernia/strangury). Mild slippery for worm toxin, borborygmus, heat.
It further states: Slippery severe for Chang Pi (intestinal hernia), mild choppy for internal hemorrhoids, mostly purulent bloody stool.
The Classics state: Movement disorder causes tongue root stiffness, vomiting after eating, epigastric pain, abdominal distension with belching. After defecation/gas passage, feels relieved, body heavy. This is Master of Spleen. (Qi sounds like fart. Qiang sounds like Jiang)
It further states: Diseases generated include tongue root pain, body unable to shake, inability to eat, vexation, epigastric urgent pain, cold malaria, loose mass diarrhea, water closure, jaundice, inability to lie down, standing forcibly causes thigh/knee inner swelling/jue, big toe useless. Excess: Cun Kou pulse 3x Ren Ying. Deficiency: Cun Kou smaller than Ren Ying.
Foot-Taiyin Splein Channel Guiding Herb Song:
Ji Spleen Dang Gui Su Sha Fang Feng Yi Zhi Ren, Dai Zhe Shi Wu Zhu Yu Chi Fu Ling, Cang Zhu Bai Dou Kou Gan Cao Ma Huang Yi Tang Ban Xia, Yuan Hu Suo Bai Shao Su Sha Xing. (Zhe, sound Zhe, red color.)
The Classics state: Spleen receiving Liver Heat evil, mostly vomiting/reversal; receiving Liver Cold evil, mostly unsifted rice diarrhea.
It further states: Sweet enters muscles. For muscle disease, do not eat much sweet.
It further states: Grain Qi connects to Spleen.
It further states: Prolonged sitting injures muscles, laboring the Spleen.
It further states: Essence and Qi merging in Spleen causes fear.
It further states: To damage Spleen, regulate diet, adjust cold/warmth.
The Classics state: Dampness excess causes loose diarrhea. (Dampness excess attacks Spleen-Stomach internally. Spleen-Stomach receives dampness, water/grain not separated, thus Large Intestine conducts and pours diarrhea.)
It further states: Obtaining grain prospers, losing grain perishes.
It further states: All dampness swelling/fullness belong to Spleen.
It further states: Spleen Excess: body heavy, frequent hunger, flesh atrophy, legs unable to walk, frequent convulsions, sole pain. Deficiency: abdominal fullness, borborygmus, unsifted rice diarrhea, undigested food. Spleen surplus: abdominal distension, urinary/fecal difficulty. Insufficient: limb immobility.
*Ling Shu* states: Evil in Spleen-Stomach causes muscle pain. Yang Qi excess, Yin Qi deficiency causes Heat Middle, frequent hunger. Yang Qi deficiency, Yin Qi excess causes Cold Middle, borborygmus, abdominal pain.
It further states: Spleen stores Ying, Ying houses Yi. Spleen Qi deficiency causes limb immobility, five Zang unrest. Excess causes abdominal distension, urinary/fecal difficulty.
(Note: Jing is stool. Sou is urine.)
*Nan Jing* states: External signs yellow face, frequent belching, frequent thinking, sensitive taste. Internal signs moving Qi at navel, firm painful on pressure. Disease abdominal distension, fullness indigestion, heavy body joint pain, lethargy somnolence, limb immobility. Having these is Spleen, not having is not.
The Classics state: Great bones withered, great flesh sunken, chest Qi full, breathing difficult, internal pain pulling shoulder/neck, body heat, flesh loss, true Zang visible, death within ten months. (Note: This is Spleen Zang. Period death within 300 days.)
It further states: Liver transmitting to Spleen, disease named Pi Feng, develops Dan abdominal heat, vexation eye yellow. Spleen Heat color yellow, muscle twitching.
It further states: Disease in Spleen, heals in Autumn. If Autumn fails, worsens in Spring. If Spring survives, holds in Summer, rises in Late Summer. (All diseases judged by Five Zang times for healing/worsening, very accurate. Qian Zhongyang deeply understood this logic, students should study it. *Gang Mu*)
It further states: Spleen disease heals on Geng-Xin days. If Geng-Xin fails, adds on Jia-Yi. If Jia-Yi survives, holds on Bing-Ding, rises on Wu-Ji.
It further states: Spleen disease, bright at dusk, severe at sunrise, quiet at late afternoon.
It further states: Spleen emotion is Pensiveness. Pensiveness injures Spleen. Anger conquers Pensiveness.
Danxi said: Pensiveness injuring Spleen, conquer with Anger, resolve with Joy. (Fire of five emotions, constrained becomes phlegm, causing mania; should control with human affairs, known as Five Emotions Mutual Conquest treatment. Women with thought Qi knotting syndrome, only not eating, lying down like idiot, no other disease, mostly sit facing inward bed. Spleen governs Pensiveness. Over-pensiveness knots Spleen Qi causing anorexia. Anger belongs to Liver Wood. Anger makes Wood Qi rise and break Spleen Qi knot, hence Anger conquers. Medicine values talent; without talent, how to respond infinitely?)
The Classics state: Zang Qi exhaustion, Shen manifests externally. (A scholar loved reading, forgot to eat. One day a purple-robed man stood before him saying: Sir must not think bitterly, thinking kills me. Asked who he was? Said: I am Grain Spirit. Thus stopped thinking and ate as usual.)
The Classics state: Spleen suffers Dampness, urgently eat bitter to dry it. Spleen desires relaxation, urgently eat sweet to relax it. Spleen suffers Dampness is Excess, suitable Bai Zhu. Spleen desires relaxation is Deficiency, suitable Gan Cao. Sweet tonifies, Ren Shen; bitter drains, Huang Lian. Spleen Deficiency tonify with Gan Cao, Da Zao etc.; Spleen Excess drain with Zhi Shi.
*Ling Shu* states: Foot-Taiyin Qi exhaustion, vessels do not nourish muscles. Lips/tongue are root of muscles. Vessels not nourishing causes muscle softness. Muscle softness causes tongue flaccidity, Ren Zhong fullness. Ren Zhong fullness causes lip eversion. Lip eversion means flesh dies first. Jia day severe, Yi day death.
*Ling Shu* states: Sorrow unresolved injures Yi. Yi is Spleen Spirit.
Thinking causing bleeding belongs to Spleen.
Swelling/Edema has ten types. Limb heaviness is Spleen Water. Generally speaking, Kidney Deficiency cannot move water, Spleen Deficiency cannot control water. Any swelling starting in abdomen spreading to limbs is treatable; starting in limbs returning to abdomen is hard to treat.
The Classics state: Yellow like crab roe lives, yellow like Immature Bitter Orange dies.
It further states: Excess dreams joy/singing/happiness. Deficiency dreams food/drink conflict.
It further states: Taiyin termination involves abdominal distension/closure, inability to breathe, frequent belching/vomiting. Vomiting reverses Qi, reversal causes red face. No reversal means upper/lower blockage. Upper/lower blockage causes black face, dry skin/hair, then death.
*Mai Jing* states: Spleen exhaustion death in twelve days. (One says five days.) How to know? Cold mouth swollen feet, hot abdomen distension, unconscious diarrhea, unlimited discharge.
Zhongjing said: Black ring around mouth, soft sweat yellow, this is Spleen exhaustion.
Tonify: Ren Shen, Huang Qi, Gan Cao, Lian Zi, Bian Dou, Cang Zhu, Bai Zhu, Fu Ling, Shan Yao, Qian Shi, Chen Pi.
Drain: Zhi Shi, Shi Gao, Qing Pi.
Warm: Ding Xiang, Huo Xiang, Hu Jiao, Wu Zhu Yu, Fu Zi, Rou Gui, Liang Jiang.
Cool: Xuan Ming Fen, Hua Shi.