【寒积腹痛之症】绵绵而痛，无增减，得热稍止，得寒更甚，身无热，小便清利，痛则
下痢，此寒积腹痛之症也。
【寒积腹痛之因】真阳不足，身受寒邪，口伤生冷，胃阳不能腐熟消化，则寒积凝滞，
不得宣行，而腹痛矣。
【寒积腹痛之脉】脉多沉迟，或见沉紧，或见沉弦，或见沉涩，寒冷太甚，脉至沉伏。
【寒积腹痛之治】脉沉迟，理中汤。脉沉紧者，豆蔻丸。脉沉弦者，建中汤。脉沉涩者
理中汤
人参 白术 炮姜 炙甘草
豆蔻丸
青皮 半夏 麦芽 神曲 草豆蔻 吴茱萸 甘草 益智仁
建中汤 见前风腹痛。
治中汤 即理中汤，加青皮、木香。
【食积腹痛之症】胸腹胀满，痛不欲食，嗳气作酸，痛而欲利，利后稍减，或一条扛起
，手按则痛，此食积腹痛之症也。
【食积腹痛之因】饮食不节，或饥饱伤损，或饱时强食，或气食相凝，或临卧多食，皆
成腹痛之症也。
【食积腹痛之脉】右关滑大，或见沉实。迟缓主寒，实数主热。食填太仓，脉乃促结。
食下肠胃，脉必数实。
【食积腹痛之治】胸胀腹痛，不能饮食，枳壳化滞汤。一条扛起，痛而欲利，承气汤选
用。食在上脘，宜消不宜下，保和丸、枳术丸。热积应下，三承气汤；寒积应下，煮黄丸。
枳壳化滞汤
枳壳 浓朴 神曲 陈皮 麦芽 莱菔子 砂仁
承气汤
保和丸 以上二方，见前积热腹痛。
煮黄丸 见前气结腹痛条。
【寒积腹痛的症状】疼痛连绵不断，没有明显的增减变化，遇热则稍缓解，遇寒则加重，身体无发热，小便清长通畅，疼痛时伴有腹泻，这是寒积腹痛的症状。
【寒积腹痛的病因】真阳不足，身体感受寒邪，或口食生冷之物，导致胃阳无法腐熟和消化食物，从而形成寒积凝滞，气机不得宣通运行，进而引发腹痛。
【寒积腹痛的脉象】脉象多表现为沉迟，或者出现沉紧、沉弦、沉涩的脉象；若寒冷之邪极盛，脉象可至沉伏不起。
【寒积腹痛的治疗】脉象沉迟者，使用理中汤。脉象沉紧者，使用豆蔻丸。脉象沉弦者，使用建中汤。脉象沉涩者，使用理中汤。
理中汤组成：人参、白术、炮姜、炙甘草。
豆蔻丸组成：青皮、半夏、麦芽、神曲、草豆蔻、吴茱萸、甘草、益智仁。
建中汤：见前文“风腹痛”条。
治中汤：即理中汤，加入青皮、木香。
【食积腹痛的症状】胸腹部胀满，因疼痛而不想进食，嗳气且带有酸味，疼痛时有便意，排便后疼痛稍减，或者感觉有一条硬块隆起，用手按压则疼痛加剧，这是食积腹痛的症状。
【食积腹痛的病因】饮食不节制，或因饥饿与饱食交替损伤脾胃，或在饱腹时强行进食，或气机与食积相互凝结，或临睡前多吃，都会导致腹痛症状。
【食积腹痛的脉象】右关脉滑大，或者出现沉实脉。迟缓脉主寒证，实数脉主热证。食物填塞于胃（太仓），脉象可能出现促结。食物下行进入肠胃，脉象必然表现为数实。
【食积腹痛的治疗】胸部胀满、腹痛且不能进食者，使用枳壳化滞汤。感觉有一条硬块隆起，疼痛且有便意者，选用承气汤。病位在上脘，宜用消导法而非攻下法，使用保和丸、枳术丸。若是热积应当攻下，使用三承气汤；若是寒积应当攻下，使用煮黄丸。
枳壳化滞汤组成：枳壳、浓朴、神曲、陈皮、麦芽、莱菔子、砂仁。
承气汤：（方剂组成略，通常指大承气汤等）。
保和丸：以上两个方剂，见前文“积热腹痛”条。
煮黄丸：见前文“气结腹痛”条。
[Symptoms of Abdominal Pain due to Cold Accumulation] The pain is continuous and lingering, without significant fluctuation; it alleviates slightly with heat and worsens with cold. There is no fever in the body, and urination is clear and free. Diarrhea may occur accompanied by the pain. These are the symptoms of abdominal pain due to cold accumulation.
[Etiology of Abdominal Pain due to Cold Accumulation] Insufficiency of True Yang (Zhen Yang), exposure to cold pathogenic factors, or consumption of raw and cold foods can impair the Stomach's Yang Qi, preventing it from rotting and ripening food. This leads to the stagnation and coagulation of cold accumulation, obstructing the smooth flow of Qi, thereby causing abdominal pain.
[Pulse Diagnosis of Abdominal Pain due to Cold Accumulation] The pulse is predominantly deep and slow (Chen Chi). It may also present as deep and tight (Chen Jin), deep and wiry (Chen Xian), or deep and choppy (Chen Se). If the cold pathogen is extremely severe, the pulse may become deep and hidden (Chen Fu).
[Therapeutic Methods for Abdominal Pain due to Cold Accumulation] For a deep and slow pulse, use Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction). For a deep and tight pulse, use Doukou Wan (Cardamom Pill). For a deep and wiry pulse, use Jianzhong Tang (Establish the Middle Decoction). For a deep and choppy pulse, use Lizhong Tang.
Lizhong Tang Composition: Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix), Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Pao Jiang (Prepared Zingiberis Rhizoma), Zhi Gan Cao (Honey-fried Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma).
Doukou Wan Composition: Qing Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride), Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma), Mai Ya (Hordei Fructus Germinatus), Shen Qu (Massa Medicata Fermentata), Cao Dou Kou (Grass Cardamomi Fructus), Wu Zhu Yu (Evodiae Fructus), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Yi Zhi Ren (Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus).
Jianzhong Tang: Refer to the section on "Abdominal Pain due to Wind" previously mentioned.
Zhizhong Tang: Is equivalent to Lizhong Tang, added with Qing Pi and Mu Xiang (Aucklandiae Radix).
[Symptoms of Abdominal Pain due to Food Accumulation] Distension and fullness in the chest and abdomen, loss of appetite due to pain, belching with an acidic taste, urgency to defecate upon pain onset, with slight relief after defecation. Alternatively, a sensation of a raised band-like mass may be felt, and tenderness occurs upon palpation. These are the symptoms of abdominal pain due to food accumulation.
[Etiology of Abdominal Pain due to Food Accumulation] Irregular diet, damage caused by alternating hunger and satiety, forced eating when already full, stagnation where Qi and food congeal together, or excessive eating before bedtime, all contribute to the formation of abdominal pain.
[Pulse Diagnosis of Abdominal Pain due to Food Accumulation] The pulse at the Right Guan position is slippery and large (Hua Da), or may appear deep and solid (Chen Shi). A slow pulse indicates cold; a rapid and solid pulse indicates heat. When food fills the Tai Cang (Stomach), the pulse may exhibit a hurried or intermitted quality (Cu Jie). When food descends into the intestines and stomach, the pulse must be rapid and solid.
[Therapeutic Methods for Abdominal Pain due to Food Accumulation] For chest distension, abdominal pain, and inability to eat, use Zhike Huazhi Tang (Immature Bitter Orange Decoction to Resolve Stagnation). For the sensation of a raised band-like mass, pain, and urgency to defecate, select Chengqi Tang (Downward-Pouring Decoction). If the pathology is located in the Upper Jiao (Upper Epigastrium), resolution (Xiao) is preferred over purgation (Xia); use Baohe Wan (Preserve Harmony Pill) and Zhizhu Wan (Atractylodes and Aurantium Pill). If there is heat accumulation requiring purgation, use the Three Chengqi Decoctions; if there is cold accumulation requiring purgation, use Zhuhuang Wan (Boiled Yellow Pill).
Zhike Huazhi Tang Composition: Zhi Ke (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus), Nong Po (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex), Shen Qu, Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Mai Ya, Lai Fu Zi (Radish Seed), Sha Ren (Amomi Fructus).
Chengqi Tang: (Formula composition omitted, generally refers to Da Chengqi Tang etc.).
Baohe Wan: The above two formulas are referenced in the section on "Abdominal Pain due to Heat Accumulation" previously mentioned.
Zhuhuang Wan: Refer to the section on "Abdominal Pain due to Qi Knotting" previously mentioned.