大暑伤乎气，脉虚身则热，热极耗阴精，孤阳上飞越，忌下亦忌升，忌散复忌泄，此中有真意，高人参得得。
此章因暑 致目病而言。夫暑乃六气之一，动静皆能中
人。有深堂高阁，过受凉风或瓜梨鲜果，多茹生物，阴能遏阳，热气不能伸越，必头痛肌热，肢节酸疼，心烦吐
泻，恶寒无汗，此静而得之为逆暑，主以大顺散，不效加参附。远近贾客日中行走，暨老弱农役炎蒸劳作，既耗
元神，而又逼起真火，病发身热头痛，HY 渴引饮，汗大泄，恶热，此动而得之为中 ，甚则昏倒不知人，手、足、
背、心微冷，或吐，或泻，或喘，吐沫，急以二气丹同苏合香丸料灌下。如无，研蒜水调香薷饮亦可。势稍退，
合前证灵砂益元散、苍术白虎汤主之。若体气素虚，药不合式，惟增易清暑益气汤、补中益气为当。今人恐患暑
病，常服益元、香薷等药，谓之预防，适所以招暑也。平居远害，生脉散为夏令最宜。
暑病与热病相似，但热病脉盛、暑病脉虚为辨。治当调养元气而佐以解暑。若人吐极，病危笃，水米不入，
入即吐，亟用人参一钱、黄连三分、糯米一勺，浓煎候冷，徐徐咽下。尽一小盏，不吐，便可投药食矣。或炒盐
煎水一杯亦效。
寒冬蒙雾春苦雨，劳人更涉空江水，秋夏炎威敞四溟，石泉收汗茶解醒，外而内，稔受湿，元气虚，湿邪入，
入肺喘满生，入脾肿胀成，入肝身痛风湿搏，入肾体重寒湿薄，久湿入心变湿热，仍发肿痛与 疟，湿淫肠胃为
濡泄，湿阻气血倦怠绝，湿在皮肤则顽麻，强硬不仁居经脉，湿邪上游眼沿烂，或胀微疼眵不彻。吁嗟！湿令如
此胡为医？清温而利见真机。
此章言病因湿所致。有在天之湿，雨、露、雾是也。在
天者本乎气，故先中表之营卫；有在地之湿，泥、水是也。在地者本乎形，故先伤血肉筋骨；有饮食之湿，茶、
酒、乳、酪是也。夫饮食归水谷之海，有入有出，受得应不言祸，然洋溢淹浸，一时讵能化行，故伤脾胃；有汗
液之湿，谓汗出沾衣未经解换是也。夫汗衫随干随润，不换而着，最难耐人，故伤肌脉；再则有血溺阴渍之湿，
脾土自化之湿。阳盛则火盛，变为湿热。阴盛则水胜，化为寒湿。其症总发热恶寒，身重自汗，筋骨疼痛，小便
闭涩，大便溏泄，腰痛不能转侧，跗肿肉如泥，按之久久始起。《经》曰∶因于湿，首如裹。湿气蒸于上，故头
重。湿伤筋，故大筋 短，小筋弛长。 短为拘，弛长为痿。湿胜则濡泄，故大便溏泄。大便泄，故小便涩。湿
从下注，故跗肿。诸湿肿满，故腹胀肉如泥。湿入肾水流湿，从其类也，故腰痛。治法，在上者当做汗，《经》
曰∶湿淫所胜，助风以平之，羌活胜湿汤。又曰下者举之，得阳气升而愈矣，升阳除湿汤。又曰在下者当利小便，
四苓散。东垣亦曰∶治湿不利小便非其治也。又曰在下者引而竭之。愚意湿从外入，本来伤阳，过用渗湿之物，
是重竭其阳，阳竭则精神萧索，而疾益淹留，改用辛温和剂，如平胃散、霍香正气散、理中汤、参苓白术散等而
补益之，自然湿气日除。湿自内生，变化颇多，未能枚举。然总不离酸痛、秘涩诸证。精医者尚其以意求之，以
脉参之，以前药消息之，病情允服。湿热发黄，或有兼证，更须斟酌。若乃所谓痰湿者，王节斋曰∶痰之本，水
也，原于肾。痰之动，湿也，由于脾。庞安常曰∶有阴水不足，阴火上升，肺受火侮，不得清肃下行，由是津液
混浊，生痰不生血。有肾虚不能纳气归元，气出无归则积，积而不散则痰生焉。由此观之，夫痰特病名与标耳，
随病而生，随病而没，
原非人身之所固有，虽来疾故变，不过假威肆恶。不求其本，而齐其末，必欲攻劫殆尽，恐咳嗽唾咯，相因杂见矣。
大暑伤害人体正气，脉象虚软而身体发热。热势极盛会耗伤阴精，导致孤阳上越飞散。此时治疗既忌用攻下法，也忌用升提法；既忌用发散法，又忌用通泄法。这其中蕴含着深刻的医理，只有高明的医生才能领悟并掌握。
本章论述因暑邪导致的目病。暑是六气之一，无论是静止状态还是运动状态，人都可能受到其侵害。如果在深堂高阁中，过度受凉风或食用瓜果梨桃等生冷食物，多吃未煮熟的生食，阴寒之气会遏制阳气，使热气不能舒展外达，必然出现头痛、肌表发热、四肢关节酸痛、心烦、呕吐腹泻、恶寒无汗等症状，这属于“静而得之”的阴暑（逆暑），主治方为大顺散，若无效则加入人参、附子。如果是远近商贩在烈日下行走，以及老弱农民在炎热蒸汽中劳作，既耗损了元神，又逼迫真火上升，发病时身体发热、头痛，极度口渴想喝水，大汗淋漓，怕热，这属于“动而得之”的中暑。严重时甚至昏倒不省人事，手、足、背、心微微发冷，或呕吐，或腹泻，或气喘，口吐白沫，应立即用二气丹配合苏合香丸的药料灌服。如果没有这些药，研碎大蒜用水调服香薷饮也可以。待病情稍退，结合前面的证候，用灵砂益元散、苍术白虎汤为主治疗。如果患者体质素来虚弱，之前的药物不合适用，应当改用清暑益气汤、补中益气汤为宜。现在的人害怕患上暑病，常服用益元散、香薷饮等药物，称之为预防，这反而招致暑邪。平时远离致病因素，生脉散是夏季最适宜的药物。
暑病与热病相似，但热病脉象盛大，暑病脉象虚软，以此作为鉴别点。治疗应当调养元气，并辅以解暑之法。如果病人呕吐剧烈，病情危重，水米不进，吃进去就吐，急需用人参一钱、黄连三分、糯米一勺，浓煎后放凉，慢慢咽下。喝完一小盏，如果不吐了，就可以投喂药物和食物了。或者用炒盐煎水一杯饮用也有效。
寒冬笼罩雾气，春天苦于阴雨，劳碌之人更要在空旷的江水上跋涉，秋夏季节炎热威猛，面对广阔的水域，石泉之水收汗，茶能解醒酒毒。湿气由外入内，深受湿邪困扰，元气虚弱，湿邪侵入。湿邪入肺则产生喘满，入脾则形成肿胀，入肝则身痛且风湿相搏，入肾则身体沉重且寒湿迫近，久湿入心变为湿热，仍然引发肿痛和疟疾，湿邪淫溢肠胃导致濡泄，湿阻气血导致倦怠无力至极，湿在皮肤则表现为顽固麻木，僵硬不知痛痒居于经脉之中，湿邪上行至眼部则眼睑溃烂，或肿胀微疼，眼屎排出不畅。唉！湿邪致病如此严重，作为医生该怎么办呢？清热温化并利湿才能见到真正的机理。
本章论述因湿邪所致疾病。有来自天空的湿，如雨、露、雾。在天之湿源于气，所以先损伤体表的营卫；有来自地面的湿，如泥、水。在地之湿源于形质，所以先损伤血肉筋骨；有饮食之湿，如茶、酒、乳、酪。饮食归于水谷之海，有进有出，受纳后本不应带来祸患，然而如果洋溢淹浸，一时之间怎能化解运行，所以损伤脾胃；有汗液之湿，指出汗沾湿衣服未及时更换。汗衫随干随润，不换而继续穿着，最难忍受，所以损伤肌脉；再有就是血液、尿液、阴部浸渍之湿，以及脾土自然产生的湿。阳气盛则火盛，变为湿热；阴气盛则水胜，化为寒湿。其症状总体表现为发热恶寒、身体沉重、自汗、筋骨疼痛、小便闭涩、大便溏泄、腰痛不能翻身侧卧、足背浮肿肌肉松软如泥，按压后很久才恢复原状。《内经》说：因于湿，头重如裹。湿气蒸腾于上，所以头重。湿伤筋，所以大筋缩短，小筋弛长。缩短为拘挛，弛长为痿软。湿胜则濡泄，所以大便溏泄。大便泄，所以小便涩。湿从下注，所以足背浮肿。各种湿邪导致的肿满，所以腹胀肌肉松软如泥。湿入肾，水流湿，同类相求，所以腰痛。治疗方法，湿在上者应当发汗，《内经》说：湿淫所胜，助风以平之，用羌活胜湿汤。又说：下者举之，得阳气升发而痊愈，用升阳除湿汤。又说：在下者当利小便，用四苓散。李东垣也说：治湿不利小便，非其治也。又说：在下者引而竭之。我的观点认为，湿从外入，本来损伤阳气，过度使用渗湿之物，是再次竭尽阳气，阳气竭尽则精神萧索，疾病更加拖延，应改用辛温和剂，如平胃散、藿香正气散、理中汤、参苓白术散等来补益，自然湿气日渐消除。湿自内生，变化很多，未能一一列举。但总离不开酸痛、秘涩等各种证候。精明的医者尚且应该以意求之，以脉参之，根据前药斟酌调整，使病情得到缓解。湿热发黄，或有兼证，更须斟酌。至于所谓的痰湿，王节斋说：痰的根本是水，源于肾。痰的流动，是湿，由于脾。庞安常说：有阴水不足，阴火上升，肺受火侮，不得清肃下行，因此津液混浊，生痰不生血。有肾虚不能纳气归元，气出无归则积聚，积聚不散则生痰。由此看来，痰只是病名和表象罢了，随病而生，随病而灭，原本不是人身所固有的，虽然来得快变化多端，不过是假借威势肆虐作恶。如果不探求根本，只治理末梢，一定要攻劫殆尽，恐怕咳嗽唾咯等症状会相继杂见。
Great heat damages the body's Qi (vital energy), resulting in a deficient pulse and bodily heat. Extreme heat consumes Yin essence, causing solitary Yang to fly upward and disperse. In such cases, purgation is contraindicated as well as ascending methods; dispersing is contraindicated as well as draining methods. There lies profound meaning within this, which only high-level physicians can truly grasp.
This chapter discusses eye diseases caused by Summerheat (Shu). Summerheat is one of the Six Qi (Six climatic factors); both static and dynamic states can lead to human infection. If one stays in deep halls and high pavilions, overexposes oneself to cool winds, or consumes melons, pears, and fresh fruits, eating too many raw foods, Yin cold can suppress Yang, preventing heat from extending outward. This inevitably leads to headache, surface heat, soreness and pain in limbs and joints, irritability, vomiting and diarrhea, aversion to cold, and absence of sweating. This is known as "obtained while at rest" or Yin Summerheat (Ni Shu), primarily treated with Da Shun San (Great Smooth Powder). If ineffective, add Renshen (Ginseng) and Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root). If merchants travel during midday sun, or elderly and weak farmers labor under intense heat and steam, they deplete Yuan Shen (Primordial Spirit) while forcing True Fire to rise. The disease manifests as bodily heat, headache, extreme thirst with desire for drinks, profuse sweating, aversion to heat. This is "obtained while in motion" or Zhong Shu (Heatstroke). In severe cases, one may faint and lose consciousness, with hands, feet, dorsal sides of hands/feet, and heart area slightly cold, accompanied by vomiting, diarrhea, panting, or foaming at the mouth. Immediately administer Er Qi Dan (Two Qi Pill) mixed with Su He Xiang Wan (Styrax Pill). If unavailable, crushed garlic water mixed with Xiang Ru Yin (Mosla Decoction) is also acceptable. Once the condition subsides slightly, combine with previous symptoms and treat mainly with Ling Sha Yi Yuan San (Cinnabar and Crystal Sand Powder) or Cang Zhu Bai Hu Tang (Atractylodes White Tiger Decoction). If the constitution is inherently deficient and previous medications are unsuitable, it is appropriate to switch to Qing Shu Yi Qi Tang (Clear Summerheat and Boost Qi Decoction) or Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction). Nowadays, people often take Yi Yuan San and Xiang Ru Yin to prevent Summerheat diseases, calling it prevention, but this actually attracts Summerheat. To avoid harm in daily life, Sheng Mai San (Generate the Pulse Powder) is most suitable for summer.
Summerheat disease resembles Heat disease, but the distinction lies in the pulse: Heat disease presents with a full/surging pulse, while Summerheat disease presents with a deficient pulse. Treatment should focus on nourishing and regulating Yuan Qi (Primordial Qi) assisted by resolving Summerheat. If a patient vomits excessively, the condition is critical, unable to retain water or food, vomiting immediately upon ingestion, urgently use 1 qian of Renshen (Ginseng), 3 fen of Huanglian (Coptis Rhizome), and 1 spoonful of Oryza Sativa Germ (Glutinous Rice), decoct strongly, let cool, and swallow slowly. After finishing a small cup, if vomiting stops, medication and food can be administered. Alternatively, drinking a cup of water boiled with roasted salt is also effective.
Winter shrouds in fog, spring suffers from rain, laborers wade through empty rivers, autumn and summer bring fierce heat across vast waters, stone springs collect sweat, tea resolves intoxication. From outside to inside, deeply affected by Dampness (Shi), when Yuan Qi is deficient, Damp pathogens enter. Entering the Lung causes wheezing and fullness; entering the Spleen forms swelling; entering the Liver causes body pain with Wind-Damp binding; entering the Kidney brings heavy body and thin Cold-Damp; long-term Damp entering the Heart transforms into Damp-Heat, still causing swelling, pain, and Malaria. Dampness flooding the intestines and stomach causes loose stools (Ru Xie); Damp blocking Qi and Blood causes extreme fatigue; Damp in the skin causes stubborn numbness; stiffness and insensitivity reside in the meridians; Damp pathogen rising upstream causes eyelid erosion, or slight swelling/pain with incomplete discharge of eye secretion. Alas! How should physicians handle such Dampness? Clearing, warming, and draining reveal the true mechanism.
This chapter discusses diseases caused by Dampness. There is Dampness from Heaven, such as rain, dew, and fog. Heavenly Damp originates from Qi, thus first affecting the exterior Ying (Nutritive) and Wei (Defensive); there is Dampness from Earth, such as mud and water. Earthly Damp originates from form, thus first damaging flesh, blood, sinews, and bones; there is Dampness from diet, such as tea, wine, milk, and cheese. Food enters the Sea of Water and Grain, having entry and exit; receiving it should not cause disaster naturally. However, if it overflows and soaks, how can it transform and move instantly? Thus, it damages the Spleen and Stomach. There is Dampness from sweat, referring to sweat-soaked clothes not changed promptly. Sweat shirts dry and moisten alternately; wearing them without changing is hardest to endure, thus damaging muscle and vessels. Furthermore, there is Dampness from blood, urine, and genital immersion, and Dampness naturally produced by Spleen Earth. When Yang is excess, Fire is excess, transforming into Damp-Heat. When Yin is excess, Water prevails, transforming into Cold-Damp. Symptoms generally include fever and aversion to cold, heavy body, spontaneous sweating, bone and joint pain, urinary retention, loose stools, lower back pain unable to turn or side, edema of the dorsum of foot with flesh like mud, pressing leaves an indentation that recovers slowly. The Classic says: "Due to Dampness, the head feels wrapped." Dampness steaming upward causes heavy head. Damp damages sinews, so large sinews shorten and small sinews elongate. Shortening leads to spasm/cramping; elongation leads to flaccidity. Excess Damp causes loose stools, hence watery stool. Watery stool leads to scanty urine. Damp flows downward, hence edema. All Dampness causing swelling and fullness leads to abdominal distension and flesh like mud. Damp entering Kidney, water follows damp, seeking its kind, hence lower back pain. Treatment methods: For Damp above, induce sweating. The Classic says: "When Dampness dominates, assist Wind to calm it," using Qiang Huo Sheng Shi Tang (Notopterygium Decoction to Overcome Dampness). It also says: "For those below, lift them up," healing occurs when Yang Qi ascends, using Sheng Yang Chu Shi Tang (Raise Yang and Remove Dampness Decoction). It also says: "For those below, promote urination," using Si Ling San (Four Poria Powder). Dong Yuan also said: "Treating Damp without promoting urination is not the correct treatment." Also: "For those below, draw and exhaust them." My opinion is that Damp entering from outside originally damages Yang. Overusing diuretic/damp-draining substances further exhausts Yang. When Yang is exhausted, spirit becomes listless, and illness lingers. Instead, use pungent-warm mild agents, such as Ping Wei San (Peace the Stomach Powder), Huo Xiang Zheng Qi San (Patchouli Powder to Rectify the Qi), Li Zhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction), Shen Ling Bai Zhu San (Ginseng, Poria, and Atractylodes Macrocephala Powder), etc., to tonify. Naturally, Dampness will be eliminated day by day. Damp generated internally has many variations, impossible to enumerate. But it always involves soreness, pain, constipation, and obstruction. Skilled physicians should seek understanding through intuition, verify with pulses, and adjust previous prescriptions based on the condition. For Damp-Heat jaundice or accompanying syndromes, further deliberation is needed. Regarding so-called Phlegm-Damp, Wang Jiezhai said: The root of Phlegm is Water, originating from the Kidney. The movement of Phlegm is Damp, due to the Spleen. Pang Anchang said: When Yin Water is insufficient, Yin Fire rises, insulting the Lung, preventing clear descending, thus fluids become turbid, generating Phlegm instead of Blood. When Kidney deficiency fails to grasp Qi returning to the source, Qi exits without return, accumulating; accumulation without dispersion generates Phlegm. From this, we see that Phlegm is merely a disease name and manifestation, arising with disease and disappearing with disease, not inherent to the human body. Although it comes quickly and changes greatly, it merely borrows power to act evil. If one does not seek the root but treats the branch, attempting to attack and eliminate it completely, coughing and expectoration will likely appear together.