\r十二经脏腑图\pt13a49.bmp\r
十二经歌
太阳小肠足膀胱，阳明大肠足胃当，少阳三焦足胆配，太阴手肺足脾乡，少阴心经足为肾，
厥阴包络足肝方。此歌上者为手。
\r十二经脏腑表里图\pt13a50.bmp\r
（此歌诸腑配阳，诸脏配阴。）
甲胆乙肝丙小肠，丁心戊胃己脾乡。庚属大肠辛属肺，壬属膀胱癸肾脏。三焦阳腑须归丙，包络从阴丁火旁。
旧云∶三焦亦向壬中寄，包络同归入癸方。虽三焦为决渎，犹可言壬；而包络附心主，
安得云癸？且二脏表里，皆相火也。今改正之。
多气多血惟阳明，少气太阳同厥阴。二少太阴常少血，六经气血须分明。
\r仰人骨度部位图\pt13a51.bmp\r
\r伏人骨度部位图\pt13a52.bmp\r
巅（顶巅也。）脑（头中髓也。）囟（音信，脑盖骨也。婴儿脑骨未合，软而跳动
之处，谓之囟门。）额颅（囟前为发际，发际前为额颅。）颜（额上曰颜。说文曰∶眉目之间也。） （音遏，鼻
梁，亦名下极，即山根也。） （音拙。目下为 。）颞 （颞，柔涉切。 ，音如。耳前动处。盖即俗
所云两太阳也。一曰鬓骨。） （音坎，又海敢切。释义曰∶饥而面黄。与经义未合。详见经络类十三。）
（音求，颧颊间骨。）颊（耳下曲处为颊。）颐（音移，颔中为颐。）颔（何敢切，腮下也。虎头燕颔义即此。）
目系（目内深处脉也。）目内 （目内角也。）目锐 （目外角也。）人中（唇之上，鼻之下也。）齿牙（前小
者曰齿，后大者曰牙。）舌本（舌根也。）咽（所以通饮食，居喉之后。）喉（所以通呼吸，居咽之
前。）嗌（音益，喉也。）会厌（在喉间，为音声启闭之户。）肺系（喉咙也。）颃颡（颃，音杭，又上去二声。颡，思
党切。咽颡也。）颈项（头茎之侧曰颈，头茎之后为项。又脑后曰项。）天柱骨（肩骨上际，颈骨之根也。）
肩解（膂上两角为肩解。）肩胛（胛，音甲，肩解下成片骨也。亦名肩 。）巨骨（膺上横骨。）膺（音英，胸前为膺。
一曰∶胸两旁高处为膺。）胸中（两乳之间也。）膈（膈膜也。义详经络三。膈上为宗气之所聚，是为膻中。）腋（胁之上
际。）腹（脐之上下皆曰腹。脐下为少腹。）季胁（胁下小肋。） （区去二音，腋之下，胁之上也。）鸠尾（蔽心骨
也。） （音结于，即鸠尾别名。） 中（ 音秒，季胁下两旁空软处也。）脊骨（脊，音即。椎骨也。）胂（音申，
膂内曰胂，夹脊肉也。）膂（吕同，脊骨曰吕，象形也。又曰∶夹脊两旁肉也。） 骨（ ，音鱼，端也。肩端之骨。）
腰骨（尻上横骨也。）腰髁（髁，苦瓦切，中原雅音作去声，即腰 骨，自十六
椎而下，挟脊附着之处也。）毛际（曲骨两旁为毛际，其动脉即足阳明之气冲也。）睾（音高，阴丸也。）篡（初贯切，
屏翳两筋间为篡。篡内深处为下极。）下极（两阴之间，屏翳处也。即会阴穴。）臀（音屯，机后为臀，尻旁大肉也。）
机（挟腰 骨两旁为机。）髋（音宽，尻臀也，曰两股间也。）尻（开高切，尾 骨也，亦名穷骨。）肛（音工，又
好纲切，俗作纲，大肠门也。）
（儒、软二音，又奴刀切，肩 下内侧对腋处，高起 白肉也。）肘（手臂中节也。一曰∶自曲池以上为
肘。）臂（肘之上下皆名为臂。一曰∶自曲池以下为臂。）腕（臂掌之交也。）兑骨（手外踝也。）
寸口（关前后两手动脉，皆曰寸口。）关（手掌后动脉高骨处曰关。）鱼际（在手腕之前，其肥肉隆起处形如
鱼者统谓之鱼。寸之前，鱼之后，曰鱼际穴。）大指次指（谓大指之次指，即食指也。足亦同。）小指次
指（谓小指之次指，即无名指也。足同。）髀（比、婢二音，股也。一曰股骨。）髀关（伏
兔上交绞处曰髀关。）髀厌（捷骨之下为髀厌，即髀枢中也。）髀枢（捷骨之下，髀之上，曰髀枢，当环跳穴。）
股（大腿也。）伏兔（髀前膝上起肉处曰伏兔。）膑（频、牝二音，膝盖骨也。） （音国，膝后曲处曰 。）
辅骨（膝下内外侧大骨也。）成骨（膝外廉之骨独起者。） （音篆，一名腓肠，下腿肚也。）腓肠（腓，音肥，足
肚也。） 骨（ 音杭，又形敬切，足胫骨也。） （音干，足胫骨也。）胫（形景、形敬二切，足胫骨也。）
绝骨（外踝上尖骨曰绝骨。） （劬允切，筋肉结聚之处也。直音云∶肠中脂。王氏曰∶肘膝后肉如块者。）
踝骨（踝，胡寡切。足跗后两旁圆骨，内曰内踝，外曰外踝，俗名孤拐骨。手腕两旁圆
骨，亦名踝骨。）跗（附、敷二音，足面也。内筋内踝上大筋，在太阴后，上踝二寸所。）足岐骨（大指
本节后曰岐骨。）跟骨（跟音根，足根也。） 骨（ ，亥陌切，又胡骨、亥不二切。一作核骨，足大指本节
后，内侧圆骨也。）踵（足跟也。） （音 ，足跟也。本经与 通用。）胪（闾、卢二音，皮也。一曰∶
腹前曰胪。）三毛（足大指爪甲后为三毛，毛后横纹为 毛。）
【十二经脏腑图】\pt13a49.bmp
《十二经歌》
手太阳小肠经与足太阳膀胱经，手阳明大肠经与足阳明胃经，手少阳三焦经与足少阳胆经，手太阴肺经与足太阴脾经，手少阴心经与足少阴肾经，手厥阴心包经与足厥阴肝经。这首歌唱的是手三阴三阳经。
【十二经脏腑表里图】\pt13a50.bmp
（这首歌中，六腑配属阳经，五脏配属阴经。）
甲对应胆，乙对应肝，丙对应小肠，丁对应心，戊对应胃，己对应脾。庚对应大肠，辛对应肺，壬对应膀胱，癸对应肾。三焦作为阳腑应当归入丙火，心包络作为阴脏依附于丁火之旁。
旧时说：三焦也寄居在壬水中，心包络一同归入癸水方。虽然三焦是决渎之官，还可以说它寄于壬；但心包络附属于心主，怎么能说它归于癸呢？而且这两者（心与心包）互为表里，都属相火。现在对此进行改正。
多气多血的只有阳明经，少气的有太阳经和厥阴经。两个少阴、两个太阴经通常血少，六经的气血情况必须分辨清楚。
【仰人骨度部位图】\pt13a51.bmp
【伏人骨度部位图】\pt13a52.bmp
巅：即头顶。
脑：头中的髓海。
囟（音信）：脑盖骨。婴儿的脑骨尚未闭合，柔软且跳动的地方，称为囟门。
额颅：囟门前方为发际，发际前方为额颅。
颜：额头称为颜。《说文解字》说：眉目之间叫颜。
（音遏）：鼻梁，也称为下极，即山根。
（音拙）：眼睛下方。
颞 （颞，柔涉切。 ，音如。耳前跳动处。大概即俗话所说的两太阳穴。另一种说法是鬓角处的骨头。）
（音坎，又读海敢切。《释义》说：饥饿时面色发黄。这与经络经义不符。详见经络类第十三节。）
（音求，颧骨颊部之间的骨头。）
颊：耳朵下方的弯曲处称为颊。
颐（音移）：下巴中间称为颐。
颔（何敢切）：腮帮子下面。虎头燕颔的意思就是指这个。
目系：眼球内部深处的脉络。
目内 ：眼内角。
目锐 ：眼外角。
人中：嘴唇上方，鼻子下方。
齿牙：前面小的叫齿，后面大的叫牙。
舌本：舌根。
咽：用来吞咽饮食，位于喉咙之后。
喉：用来呼吸，位于咽之前。
嗌（音益）：喉咙。
会厌：位于喉间，是声音发出的门户开关。
肺系：即喉咙。
颃颡（颃，音杭，又读上去二声。颡，思党切。指咽后壁上部。）
颈项：头颈侧面称为颈，头颈后方称为项。脑后也称为项。
天柱骨：肩骨上缘，颈骨的根部。
肩解：脊柱上方的两个角落称为肩解。
肩胛（胛，音甲）：肩解下方成片状的骨头。也称为肩 。
巨骨：胸前横着的骨头。
膺（音英）：胸部前面称为膺。另一种说法：胸部两侧高处称为膺。
胸中：两乳之间。
膈：膈膜。含义详见经络第三部分。膈以上宗气聚集的地方，称为膻中。
腋：胁部的上边缘。
腹：肚脐上下都称为腹。肚脐以下称为少腹。
季胁：胁部下侧的小肋骨。
（区去二音）：腋下，胁部之上。
鸠尾：遮蔽心脏的骨头。
（音结于）：即鸠尾的别名。
中（ 音秒）：季胁下两旁空虚柔软的地方。
脊骨（脊，音即）：椎骨。
胂（音申）：脊柱内侧称为胂，夹着脊柱的肉。
膂（吕同）：脊骨称为吕，是象形字。又说：夹着脊柱两旁肉。
骨（ ，音鱼）：端点。肩端的骨头。
腰骨：骶骨上方的横骨。
腰髁（髁，苦瓦切，中原雅音读去声）：即腰 骨，从第十六椎骨向下，夹着脊柱附着的地方。
毛际：曲骨两旁称为毛际，这里的动脉就是足阳明胃经的气冲穴。
睾（音高）：睾丸。
篡（初贯切）：屏翳（阴囊）两筋之间称为篡。篡内深处称为下极。
下极：两阴之间，屏翳所在处。即会阴穴。
臀（音屯）：臀部，骶骨旁的大块肌肉。
机：夹着腰 骨两旁称为机。
髋（音宽）：骶骨和臀部，指两腿之间。
尻（开高切）：尾骨，也称为穷骨。
肛（音工，又好纲切，俗作纲）：大肠的门户。
（儒、软二音，又读奴刀切）：肩 下内侧对着腋窝处，高高隆起的白肉。
肘：手臂的中段。另一种说法：从曲池穴以上称为肘。
臂：肘部上下都称为臂。另一种说法：从曲池穴以下称为臂。
腕：手臂与手掌交接处。
兑骨：手腕外侧的踝骨。
寸口：关脉前后两手脉搏跳动处，都称为寸口。
关：手掌后方动脉高起骨头处称为关。
鱼际：在手腕前方，那块肥肉隆起形状像鱼的统称为鱼。寸口之前，鱼之后，称为鱼际穴。
大指次指：即大拇指旁边的第二个手指，也就是食指。脚上也相同。
小指次指：即小拇指旁边的第二个手指，也就是无名指。脚上也相同。
髀（比、婢二音）：大腿。另一种说法：股骨。
髀关：伏兔穴上方交绞处称为髀关。
髀厌：捷骨之下称为髀厌，即髀枢中。
髀枢：捷骨之下，大腿之上，称为髀枢，对应环跳穴。
股：大腿。
伏兔：大腿前面膝盖上方隆起的肌肉称为伏兔。
膑（频、牝二音）：膝盖骨。
（音国）：膝盖后方弯曲处称为 。
辅骨：膝盖下方内外侧的大骨。
成骨：膝盖外侧单独隆起的骨头。
（音篆）：一名腓肠，即小腿肚子。
腓肠（腓，音肥）：小腿肚。
骨（ 音杭，又读形敬切）：小腿胫骨。
（音干）：小腿胫骨。
胫（形景、形敬二切）：小腿胫骨。
绝骨：外踝上方的尖骨称为绝骨。
（劬允切）：筋肉结聚的地方。直音解释为：肠中的脂肪。王氏说：肘膝后面肉块状的地方。
踝骨（踝，胡寡切）：足背后两旁圆形的骨头，内侧叫内踝，外侧叫外踝，俗名孤拐骨。手腕两旁圆形的骨头，也叫踝骨。
跗（附、敷二音）：足面。内侧筋在内踝上方大筋，在太阴经后面，上踝二寸左右。
足岐骨：大脚趾本节后的骨头称为岐骨。
跟骨（跟音根）：足跟。
骨（ ，亥陌切，又读胡骨、亥不二切。一作核骨）：足大脚趾本节后，内侧圆形的骨头。
踵：足跟。
（音 ，足跟也。本经中与 通用。）
胪（闾、卢二音）：皮肤。另一种说法：腹部前面称为胪。
三毛：足大脚趾指甲后方称为三毛，毛发后面的横纹称为 毛。
[Diagram of the Twelve Meridians and Zang-Fu Organs] \pt13a49.bmp
*Song of the Twelve Meridians*
The Hand-Taiyang Small Intestine Meridian pairs with the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian; the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian pairs with the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian; the Hand-Shaoyang Sanjiao (Triple Burner) Meridian pairs with the Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian; the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian pairs with the Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian; the Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian pairs with the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian; the Hand-Jueyin Pericardium Meridian pairs with the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian. This song refers to the Hand meridians.
[Table-Relationship Diagram of the Twelve Meridians and Zang-Fu Organs] \pt13a50.bmp
(In this song, the Fu organs are paired with Yang meridians, and the Zang organs are paired with Yin meridians.)
Jia corresponds to the Gallbladder, Yi to the Liver, Bing to the Small Intestine, Ding to the Heart, Wu to the Stomach, Ji to the Spleen. Geng corresponds to the Large Intestine, Xin to the Lung, Ren to the Bladder, Gui to the Kidney. The Sanjiao (Triple Burner), as a Yang Fu organ, should be assigned to Bing Fire; the Pericardium, as a Yin organ, attaches to the side of Ding Fire.
Old texts stated: "The Sanjiao also resides in Ren water, and the Pericardium joins Gui water." Although the Sanjiao is the official of dredging and can be said to reside in Ren, how can the Pericardium, which attaches to the Heart Master, be said to belong to Gui? Moreover, these two organs (Heart and Pericardium) are interior-exterior partners and both contain Ministerial Fire. This has been corrected now.
Only the Yangming meridians have abundant Qi and Blood; the Taiyang and Jueyin meridians have deficient Qi. The two Shaoyin and two Taiyin meridians usually have deficient Blood. The Qi and Blood status of the six meridians must be clearly distinguished.
[Diagram of Bone Measurements and Locations on an Anteriorly Recumbent Figure] \pt13a51.bmp
[Diagram of Bone Measurements and Locations on a Prone Figure] \pt13a52.bmp
Dian: Refers to the vertex of the head.
Nao: The marrow sea within the head.
Xin (pronounced *xin*): The fontanelle bone. In infants, where the cranial bones have not yet fused, the soft and pulsating area is called the anterior fontanelle (Xinmen).
E'lu: The area above the hairline in front of the anterior fontanelle is the forehead and skull.
Yan: The forehead is called Yan. *Shuowen Jiezi* states: "That between the eyebrows and eyes is Yan."
(E pronounced *e*): The nasal bridge, also known as Xiaji, or Shan Gen.
(E pronounced *zhuo*): Below the eyes.
Nie (Nie, pronounced *rou she*; E, pronounced *ru*). The pulsating area in front of the ear. This is likely what is commonly referred to as the temporal region (Taiyang). Another view identifies it as the zygomatic bone near the temples.
(E pronounced *kan*, or *hai gan*). *Shiyi* states: "Yellowish complexion due to hunger." This does not align with the meridian theory. See Meridian Category, Section 13 for details.
(E pronounced *qiu*): The bone between the cheekbone and the cheek.
Jia: The curved area below the ears is called Jia.
Yi (pronounced *yi*): The center of the chin is called Yi.
Han (*he gan qie*): Below the cheeks. The idiom "tiger's head and swallow's jaw" refers to this.
Muxi: The vessels deep within the eyeball.
Neiyuan: The inner canthus (inner corner of the eye).
Ruiyuan: The outer canthus (outer corner of the eye).
Renzhong: Above the upper lip and below the nose.
Chiya: The smaller teeth in the front are Chi; the larger teeth in the back are Ya.
Sheben: The root of the tongue.
Yan: Used for swallowing food and drink, located behind the throat.
Hou: Used for breathing, located in front of the pharynx.
Yi (pronounced *yi*): The throat.
Huiyan: Located in the larynx, acting as the gatekeeper for sound production.
Feixi: Refers to the trachea/throat.
Hangsang (Hang, pronounced *hang*, or rising tone twice; Sang, *si dang qie*): The nasopharynx.
Jingxiang: The side of the neck is Jing; the back of the neck is Xiang. The back of the head is also called Xiang.
Tianzhugu: The upper edge of the shoulder blade, the root of the cervical spine.
Jianjie: The two angles above the spinal muscles are Jianjie.
Jianjia (Jia, pronounced *jia*): The flat bone below Jianjie. Also called Jian .
Jugu: The transverse bone above the chest.
Ying (pronounced *ying*): The anterior chest is Ying. Another view: The high areas on both sides of the chest are Ying.
Xiongzho ng: Between the two nipples.
Ge: The diaphragm. Meaning detailed in Meridian Category III. The area above the diaphragm is where Zong Qi (Pectoral Qi) gathers, known as Danzhong.
Ye: The upper border of the hypochondrium.
Fu: The area above and below the umbilicus is called Fu. The area below the umbilicus is Shaofu.
Jixie: The small ribs at the lower end of the costal margin.
(E pronounced *qu qu*). Below the axilla and above the hypochondrium.
Jiuwei: The xiphoid process, which shields the heart.
(E pronounced *jie yu*): An alias for Jiuwei.
Zhong (E pronounced *miao*): The empty and soft areas on both sides below the costal margin.
Jigu (Ji, pronounced *ji*): Vertebrae.
Shen (pronounced *shen*): Shen refers to the tissue inside the spine, the muscles flanking the spine.
Lv (same as Lu): Lv refers to the vertebrae, an ideogram. It also means the muscles flanking the spine.
Yu Gu (E, pronounced *yu*): The extremity. The bone at the end of the shoulder.
Yaogu: The transverse bone above the sacrum.
Yaoke (Ke, *ku wa qie*, Central Plains accent reads as departing tone): Also known as Yao E bone, from the 16th vertebra downwards, attached to the sides of the spine.
Maoji: The areas on both sides of the Qugu bone are Maoji; the arterial pulse here is the Qichong point of the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian.
Gao (pronounced *gao*): Testicles.
Cuan (*chu guan qie*): The area between the tendons of the scrotum is Cuan. The deep part inside Cuan is Xiaji.
Xiaji: The area between the two yins, at the location of the scrotum. This is the Huiyin point.
Tun (pronounced *tun*): The buttocks, large muscles beside the sacrum.
Ji: The areas flanking the sacral bones are Ji.
Kuan (pronounced *kuan*): Sacrum and buttocks, referring to the space between the thighs.
Kao (*kai gao qie*): Coccyx, also called Qionggu.
Gang (pronounced *gong*, or *hao gang qie*, colloquially Gang): The opening of the large intestine.
(E pronounced *ru* or *ruan*, or *nu dao qie*): The raised white flesh on the medial side below the shoulder joint, opposite the axilla.
Zhou: The middle segment of the arm. Another view: From the Quuchi point upwards is Zhou.
Bi: The area above and below the elbow is Bi. Another view: From the Quuchi point downwards is Bi.
Wan: The junction of the forearm and palm.
Duigu: The lateral malleolus of the wrist.
Cunkou: The arterial pulse points before and after the Guan position on both hands are called Cunkou.
Guan: The high bone where the arterial pulse rises behind the palm is called Guan.
Yuji: Anterior to the wrist, the fleshy mound shaped like a fish is collectively called Yu. The area before the Cun and after the Yu is the Yuji point.
Dazhi Cizhi: The finger next to the thumb, i.e., the index finger. The same applies to the foot.
Xiaozhi Cizhi: The finger next to the little finger, i.e., the ring finger. The same applies to the foot.
Bi (pronounced *bi* or *bi*). Thigh. Another view: Femur.
Bigan: The crossing point above the Futu point is called Bigan.
Biyan: Below the Jiegu bone is Biyan, which is Bisu Zhong.
Bisu: Below the Jiegu bone and above the thigh is Bisu, corresponding to the Huantiao point.
Gu: Thigh.
Futu: The muscle mass rising on the anterior thigh above the knee is called Futu.
Bin (pronounced *pin* or *pin*): Patella.
(E pronounced *guo*): The posterior curvature of the knee is called E.
Fugu: The large bones on the medial and lateral sides below the knee.
Chengg u: The bone standing alone at the lateral edge of the knee.
(E pronounced *zhuan*): Also called Feichang, the calf muscle.
Feichang (Fei, pronounced *fei*): Calf muscle.
Hang Gu (E pronounced *hang*, or *xing jing qie*): Tibia.
(E pronounced *gan*): Tibia.
Jing (*xing jing*, *xing jing qie*): Tibia.
Jiegu: The pointed bone above the lateral malleolus is called Jiegu.
(E *qu yun qie*): The site where muscles and tendines gather. Direct pronunciation explains it as fat in the intestines. Wang Shi says: The lump-like flesh behind the elbows and knees.
Huagu (Hu, *hu gua qie*): The round bones on both sides at the back of the dorsum pedis. Medially is the medial malleolus, laterally is the lateral malleolus, commonly known as Gu Gua Gu. The round bones on both sides of the wrist are also called Huagu.
Fu (pronounced *fu* or *fu*): Dorsum of the foot. The large tendon on the medial side above the medial malleolus is located behind the Taiyin meridian, about two cun above the malleolus.
Zuqigu: The bone after the first metatarsophalangeal joint of the big toe is called Qigu.
Gen Gu (Gen pronounced *gen*): Heel.
He Gu (E, *hai mo qie*, or *hu gu*, *hai bu er qie*. Also written as He Gu): The round bone on the medial side after the first metatarsophalangeal joint of the big toe.
Zhong: Heel.
(E pronounced *...*, heel. Interchangeable with E in this classic.)
Lu (pronounced *lu* or *lu*): Skin. Another view: The anterior abdomen is called Lu.
Sanmao: The hair behind the nail of the big toe is called Sanmao; the transverse wrinkle behind the hair is called Mao.