（灵枢经别篇全）
黄帝问于岐伯曰∶余闻人之合于天道也，内有五脏以应五音、五色、五时、五味、五位也；外有六腑以应六律，六
律建阴阳诸经而合之十二月、十二辰、十二节、十二经水、十二时、十二经脉者，此五脏六腑之所以应天道。（此言人身
脏腑经脉，无非合于天道者。五音五色等义，见藏象类。六律义，见附翼律原。十二月等义，俱详载图翼中。）夫十二经
脉者，人之所以生，病之所以成，人之所以治，病之所以起，学之所始，工之所止也，粗之所易，上之所难也。请问其
离合出入奈何？（经脉者，脏腑之枝叶；脏腑者，经脉之根本。知十二经脉之道，则阴阳明，表里悉，气血分，虚实见，
天道之逆从可察，邪正之安危可辨。凡人之生，病之成，人之所以治，病之所以起，莫不由之。故初学人必始于此，工
之良者亦止于此而已。第粗工忽之，谓其寻常易知耳；上工难之，谓其应变无穷也。十二经脉已具前经脉篇，但其上下
离合、内外出入之道犹有未备，故此复明其详。然经脉篇以首尾循环言，故上下起止有别；此以离合言，故但从四末始。
虽此略彼详，然义有不同，所当参阅。）岐伯稽首再拜曰∶明乎哉问也。此粗之所过，上之所息也，请卒言之。（过犹经
过，谓忽略不察也。息如止息，谓必所留心也。）
足太阳之正，别入于 中，其一道下尻五寸别入于肛，属于膀胱，散之肾，循膂当心入散；直者，从膂上出于项，
复属于太阳，此为一经也。足少阴之正，至 中别走太阳而合，上至肾，当十四 出属带脉；直者，系舌本，复出于项，
合于太阳，此为一合。成以诸阴之别，皆为正也。（此膀胱与肾为表里，故其经脉相为一合也。足太阳之正，入 中，与
少阴合而上行；其别一道下尻五寸，当承扶之次，上入肛门，内行腹中，属于膀胱，散于肾，循膂当心入散，上出于项，
而复属于本经太阳，此内外同为一经也。足少阴之正，自 中合于太阳，内行上至肾，当十四椎旁肾俞之次，出属带脉，
其直者上系舌本，复出于项，合于太阳，是为六合之一也。然有表必有里，有阳必有阴，故诸阳之正，必成于诸阴之别，
此皆正脉相为离合，非旁通交会之谓也。余仿此。尻，开高切。肛音工，又好刚切。 ，椎同，音槌。）
足少阳之正，绕髀入毛际，合于厥阴；别者，入季胁之间，循胸里属胆，散之上肝，贯心，以上挟咽，出颐颔中，
散于面，系目系，合少阳于外 也。足厥阴之正，别跗上，上至毛际，合于少阳，与别俱行，此为二合也。（此胆肝二经
为表里，经脉相为一合也。足少阳绕髀阳，入毛际，与足厥阴合。其内行而别者，乃自季胁入胸属胆、散之上肝，由肝
之上系贯心，上挟咽，自颐颔中出，散于面，上系目系，复合少阳本经于目外 瞳子 也。足厥阴之正，别足跗内行，
上至阴毛之际，合于足少阳、与别者俱行，上布胁肋，是为六合之二也。颐音移。颔，何敢切。）
足阳明之正，上至髀，入于腹里，属胃，散之脾，上通于心，上循咽出于口，上 ，还系目系，合于阳明也。足
太阴之正，上至髀，合于阳明，与别俱行，上结于咽，贯舌中，此为三合也。（此胃脾二经表里相为一合也。足阳明上至
髀关，其内行者，由气街入腹里，属于胃，散于脾，上通于心，循咽出于口，上 ，入承泣之次，系目系为目下网，
以合于阳明本经也。足太阴之正，上股内，合于足阳明，与别者俱行，上咽贯舌，是为六合之三也。 音遏。 音拙。）
手太阳之正，指地，别于肩解，入腋走心，系小肠也。手少阴之正，别入于渊腋两筋之间，属于心，上走喉咙，出
于面，合目内 ，此为四合也。（此小肠与心表里经脉相为一合也。指地者，地属阴，居天之内。手太阳内行之脉，别于
肩解，入腋走心，系于小肠，皆自上而下，自外而内，故曰指地。经脉篇言交肩上，入缺盆络心；此言别于肩解，入腋
走心。盖前后皆有入心之脉。手少阴之正，自腋下三寸足少阳渊腋之次，行两筋之间，内属于心，与手太阳入腋走心者
合，乃上行挟于咽、出于面，合于目内 ，是当与足太阳睛明相会矣。此六合之四也。
手少阳之正，指天，别于巅，入缺盆，下走三焦，散于胸中也。手心主之正，别下渊腋三寸入胸中，别属三焦，出
循喉咙，出耳后，合少阳完骨之下，此为五合也。（此三焦心主表里经脉相为一合也。指天者，天属阳，运于地之外。手
少阳之正，上别于巅，入缺盆，下走三焦，散于胸中，包罗脏腑之外，故曰指天。手厥阴之正，其别而内行者，与少阴
之脉，同自腋下三寸，足少阳渊腋之次，入胸中，属于三焦，乃出循喉咙，行耳后，合手足少阳于完骨之下，此六合之
五也。）
手阳明之正，从手循膺乳，别于肩 ，入柱骨，下走大肠，属于肺，上循喉咙，出缺盆，合于阳明也。手太阴之正，
别入渊腋少阴之前，入走肺，散之大肠，上出缺盆，循喉咙，复合阳明，此六合也。（此大肠与肺为表里，经脉相为一合
也。手阳明之正，循胸前膺乳之间，其内行者，别于肩 ，入柱骨，由缺盆下走大肠，属于肺；其上者，循喉咙，复出
缺盆，而合于阳明本经也。手太阴之正，其内行者，自天府别入渊腋，由手少阴心经之前入内走肺，散之大肠；其上行
者，出缺盆，循喉咙，复合于手阳明经。以上共十二经，是为六合也。）
（《灵枢·经别》篇全文）
黄帝向岐伯问道：我听说人体与天道相合，内有五脏以对应五音、五色、五时、五味、五位；外有六腑以对应六律。六律确立了阴阳各经，并与十二月、十二辰、十二节气、十二经水、十二时辰、十二经脉相配合。这就是五脏六腑顺应天道的道理。（这段话讲的是人身脏腑经脉，无不契合天道。五音五色等含义，参见藏象类。六律的含义，参见附翼律原。十二月等含义，都详细记载在图翼中。）那十二经脉，是人赖以生存的根本，是疾病形成的原因，是人得以治疗的基础，是疾病得以痊愈的关键，是学习的起点，是高明医者的归宿。也是庸医容易忽视的，却是高手难以精通的。请问这些经脉是如何离合出入的呢？（经脉是脏腑的枝叶；脏腑是经脉的根本。通晓十二经脉的道理，就能明白阴阳，清楚表里，分辨气血，识别虚实，观察天道的顺逆，辨别邪正的安危。凡人的生存，疾病的形成，人之所以能治，病之所以能愈，没有不由此出发的。所以初学者必须从这里开始，高明的医者最终也止步于此罢了。只是庸医轻视它，认为它平常易懂；而高手重视它，认为它变化无穷。十二经脉的内容已在前面的经脉篇具备，但关于它们上下离合、内外出入的道理还有未详尽之处，所以这里再次阐明其详情。然而经脉篇是从首尾循环的角度论述，所以上下起止有所不同；本篇从离合的角度论述，所以只从四肢末端开始。虽然此处简略彼处详尽，但义理不同，应当参考阅读。）岐伯叩头拜了两拜说：问得真高明啊。这是庸医忽略的，却是高手留心的，请让我说完。（“过”如同经过，指忽略不加考察。“息”如同止息，指必定要留心关注。）
足太阳膀胱经的正脉，分支进入腘窝中，其中一条支脉向下至尻骨五寸处分出进入肛门，归属于膀胱，散布于肾脏，沿着脊柱两旁上行当心处散开；直行的一条，从脊柱两旁上行出于项部，重新归属于足太阳经，这构成一经的配合。足少阴肾经的正脉，至腘窝中别行走向足太阳经而相合，向上至肾脏，当第十四椎旁分出属带脉；直行的一条，系连舌根，复出项部，与足太阳经相合，这构成一合。这是因为所有阴经的别络，都称为正脉。（这是膀胱与肾互为表里，所以它们的经脉相互构成一合。足太阳的正脉，进入腘窝中，与足少阴相合而上行；其另一条支脉向下至尻骨五寸，正当承扶穴的位置，上入肛门，内行腹中，归属于膀胱，散布于肾，沿脊柱当心处散开，上出于项，又复归于本经足太阳，这是内外同为一经。足少阴的正脉，自腘窝中合于足太阳，内行上至肾脏，当第十四椎旁肾俞穴的位置，分出属带脉，其直行者上系舌根，复出项部，合于足太阳，这是六合之一。然而有表必有里，有阳必有阴，所以诸阳经的正脉，必由诸阴经的别络来成全，这都是正脉相互离合，并非旁通交会的意思。其余仿照此类。尻，读音为开高切。肛，读音为工，或好刚切。腘，同“椎”，读音为槌。）
足少阳胆经的正脉，环绕大腿根部进入阴毛际，与足厥阴经相合；另一条支脉，进入季胁之间，沿胸内部属胆，散布至上肝，贯穿心脏，向上挟持咽喉，出于颐颔中间，散布于面部，系连目系，在外眼角处与足少阳经相合。足厥阴肝经的正脉，从足背分出，上行至阴毛际，与足少阳经相合，与那条支脉共同运行，这构成二合。（这是胆与肝二经互为表里，经脉相互构成一合。足少阳经环绕大腿阳侧，进入阴毛际，与足厥阴经相合。其内行而分出的支脉，从季胁入胸属胆，散布至上肝，由肝之上系贯穿心脏，向上挟持咽喉，自颐颔中间出来，散布于面部，上系目系，再复合足少阳本经于目外眦瞳子髎穴处。足厥阴的正脉，从足跗内侧分行，上行至阴毛之际，合于足少阳，与支脉共同运行，上布胁肋，这是六合之二。颐，读音为移。颔，读音为何敢切。）
足阳明胃经的正脉，上行至大腿，进入腹里，归属于胃，散布于脾，向上通达于心，沿咽部出于口，上行至眼部，还系连目系，与足阳明经相合。足太阴脾经的正脉，上行至大腿，与足阳明经相合，与支脉共同运行，向上结于咽部，贯穿舌中，这构成三合。（这是胃与脾二经表里相互构成一合。足阳明经上行至髀关穴，其内行者，由气街入腹里，归属于胃，散布于脾，向上通达于心，循咽出于口，上行至眼部，入承泣穴的位置，系连目系为目下网，以合于足阳明本经。足太阴的正脉，上行股内侧，合于足阳明，与支脉共同运行，上咽贯舌，这是六合之三。遏，读音为遏。拙，读音为拙。）
手太阳小肠经的正脉，指向地（向内下行），从肩关节处分出，进入腋窝走向心脏，系连小肠。手少阴心经的正脉，分支进入渊腋穴两筋之间，归属于心脏，向上走喉咙，出于面部，合于目内眦，这构成四合。（这是小肠与心表里经脉相互构成一合。所谓“指地”，地属阴，居天之内。手太阳内行的脉，从肩关节处分出，进入腋窝走向心脏，系于小肠，都是自上而下，自外而内，所以叫指地。经脉篇说交于肩上，入缺盆络心；这里说别于肩解，入腋走心。大概前后都有入心的脉。手少阴的正脉，自腋下三寸足少阳渊腋穴的位置，行于两筋之间，内属于心，与手太阳入腋走心的脉相合，乃上行挟于咽、出于面，合于目内眦，这应当与足太阳睛明穴相会了。这是六合之四。
手少阳三焦经的正脉，指向天（向上行），从头顶处分出，进入缺盆，向下走三焦，散布于胸中。手厥阴心包经的正脉，分支向下三寸进入胸中，别行归属于三焦，出而循喉咙，出于耳后，合于足少阳完骨之下，这构成五合。（这是三焦与心包表里经脉相互构成一合。所谓“指天”，天属阳，运于地之外。手少阳的正脉，上别于头顶，入缺盆，向下走三焦，散布于胸中，包罗脏腑之外，所以叫指天。手厥阴的正脉，其别而内行者，与少阴的脉，同自腋下三寸，足少阳渊腋穴的位置，入胸中，归属于三焦，乃出循喉咙，行耳后，合手足少阳于完骨之下，这是六合之五。）
手阳明大肠经的正脉，从手循行膺乳部位，从肩井穴处分出，进入柱骨，向下走大肠，归属于肺，向上循喉咙，出缺盆，与手阳明经相合。手太阴肺经的正脉，分支进入渊腋穴手少阴心经之前，走入肺，散布到大肠，向上出缺盆，循喉咙，复合于手阳明经，这构成六合。（这是大肠与肺为表里，经脉相互构成一合。手阳明的正脉，循胸前膺乳之间，其内行者，别于肩井穴，入柱骨，由缺盆下走大肠，属于肺；其上行者，循喉咙，复出缺盆，而合于手阳明本经。手太阴的正脉，其内行者，自天府穴别入渊腋，由手少阴心经之前入内走肺，散布到大肠；其上行者，出缺盆，循喉咙，复合于手阳明经。以上共十二经，是为六合。）
(The entire chapter "Jing Bie" from the *Ling Shu*)
Huang Di asked Qi Bo: I have heard that the human body corresponds to the Heavenly Dao. Internally, the Five Zang Organs (Five Zang Organs) correspond to the Five Tones, Five Colors, Five Seasons, Five Flavors, and Five Positions; externally, the Six Fu Organs (Six Fu Organs) correspond to the Six Lv (Six Pitch Pipes). The Six Lv establish the Yin and Yang meridians and harmonize them with the Twelve Months, Twelve Earthly Branches, Twelve Solar Terms, Twelve Water Channels, Twelve Double-Hour Periods, and Twelve Primary Meridians. This is how the Five Zang and Six Fu organs respond to the Heavenly Dao. (This passage states that the meridians of the internal organs are all in harmony with the Heavenly Dao. The meanings of the five tones, colors, etc., are seen in the category of Zang-Xiang. The meaning of the six Lv is seen in the Appendix Wing: Origin of Rhythm. The meanings of the twelve months, etc., are detailed in the Diagram Wing.) The Twelve Primary Meridians (Twelve Primary Meridians) are the basis of life, the cause of disease, the foundation of treatment, the key to recovery, the beginning of learning, and the limit of skill. They are easily overlooked by mediocre practitioners but difficult to master for experts. I ask how these meridians separate, combine, enter, and exit? (The meridians are the branches and leaves of the Zang-Fu organs; the Zang-Fu organs are the root and foundation of the meridians. To understand the way of the Twelve Primary Meridians is to clarify Yin and Yang, comprehend interior and exterior, distinguish Qi and Blood, perceive deficiency and excess, observe the compliance or rebellion of the Heavenly Dao, and discern the safety or danger of pathogenic factors and healthy Qi. All aspects of human life, the formation of disease, the possibility of treatment, and the onset of recovery stem from this. Therefore, beginners must start here, and skilled practitioners ultimately rest here. However, mediocre practitioners neglect it, considering it common and easy to know; expert practitioners find it difficult, considering its responses infinite. The content of the Twelve Primary Meridians is already complete in the previous chapter on Meridians, but the details of their upper-lower separation-combination and interior-exterior entry-exit are not fully covered, so we clarify them here again. The previous chapter discusses the cycle from head to tail, so the starting and ending points differ; this chapter discusses separation and combination, so it starts only from the four extremities. Although one is brief and the other detailed, the principles differ, and they should be consulted together.) Qi Bo bowed twice and said: Your question is truly insightful. This is what mediocre practitioners overlook and what expert practitioners pay attention to. Let me finish explaining. ("Guo" means passing by, implying neglect without scrutiny. "Xi" means stopping/resting, implying careful attention.)
The Zheng Mai (Correct/Regular Meridian) of Foot-Taiyang Bladder enters the popliteal fossa. One branch descends five cun below the sacrum, enters the anus, belongs to the Bladder, scatters into the Kidney, follows the erector spinae muscles to the heart, and disperses there; the straight branch ascends along the erector spinae muscles, emerges at the nape, and re-joins the Foot-Taiyang meridian. This constitutes one pair. The Zheng Mai of Foot-Shaoyin Kidney, at the popliteal fossa, diverges to join Foot-Taiyang and combines. It ascends to the Kidney, exits at the level of the fourteenth vertebra to belong to the Dai Mai (Girdle Vessel); the straight branch ties to the base of the tongue, emerges at the nape, and combines with Foot-Taiyang. This forms one union. Because all Yin meridians' divergent pathways are called Zheng Mai... (This indicates that the Bladder and Kidney are exterior-interior pairs, so their meridians form a union. The Zheng Mai of Foot-Taiyang enters the popliteal fossa, joins with Foot-Shaoyin, and ascends; its other branch descends five cun below the sacrum, at the level of Chengfu (BL 36), enters the anus, travels internally through the abdomen, belongs to the Bladder, scatters into the Kidney, follows the erector spinae to the heart, disperses, ascends to the nape, and returns to the original Foot-Taiyang meridian, constituting one internal-external unit. The Zheng Mai of Foot-Shaoyin joins Foot-Taiyang at the popliteal fossa, travels internally to the Kidney, exits at the level of the fourteenth vertebra near Shenshu (BL 23) to belong to the Dai Mai, its straight branch ascends to tie the tongue base, emerges at the nape, and combines with Foot-Taiyang, which is one of the six unions. Since there must be exterior corresponding to interior, and Yang corresponding to Yin, the Zheng Mai of all Yang meridians must be completed by the divergent pathways of all Yin meridians. These are true meridians separating and combining, not merely collateral intersections. The rest follow this pattern. Kao [sacrum] is pronounced kai-gao qie. Gang [anus] is pronounced gong, or hao-gang qie. Guo [popliteal fossa] is synonymous with Zhui, pronounced chui.)
The Zheng Mai of Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder surrounds the thigh, enters the pubic hair region, and joins Foot-Jueyin; another branch enters the space between the costal margin and the flank, follows the interior of the chest, belongs to the Gallbladder, scatters to the upper Liver, pierces the Heart, ascends to flank the pharynx, emerges between the chin and jaw, scatters on the face, ties to the eye system, and combines with Foot-Shaoyang at the lateral canthus. The Zheng Mai of Foot-Jueyin Liver diverges from the dorsum of the foot, ascends to the pubic hair region, joins Foot-Shaoyang, and runs together with the other branch. This forms the second union. (This indicates that the Gallbladder and Liver are exterior-interior pairs, forming a union. Foot-Shaoyang surrounds the lateral thigh, enters the pubic hair region, and joins Foot-Jueyin. Its internal branch enters from the costal margin to the chest, belongs to the Gallbladder, scatters to the upper Liver, passes through the upper Liver to pierce the Heart, ascends to flank the pharynx, emerges between the chin and jaw, scatters on the face, ascends to tie the eye system, and re-combines with the original Foot-Shaoyang meridian at the lateral canthus (Tongziliao GB 1). The Zheng Mai of Foot-Jueyin diverges from the medial dorsum of the foot, ascends to the pubic hair region, joins Foot-Shaoyang, runs with the branch, and distributes to the hypochondrium. This is the second of the six unions. Yi [chin] is pronounced yi. Han [jaw] is pronounced he-gan qie.)
The Zheng Mai of Foot-Yangming Stomach ascends to the thigh, enters the abdominal cavity, belongs to the Stomach, scatters to the Spleen, connects upward to the Heart, follows the pharynx to emerge at the mouth, ascends to the eyes, returns to tie the eye system, and combines with Foot-Yangming. The Zheng Mai of Foot-Taiyin Spleen ascends to the thigh, joins Foot-Yangming, runs together with the branch, knots at the pharynx, and pierces the middle of the tongue. This forms the third union. (This indicates that the Stomach and Spleen are exterior-interior pairs, forming a union. Foot-Yangming ascends to Bituan (ST 31); its internal branch enters the abdominal cavity via Qichong (ST 30), belongs to the Stomach, scatters to the Spleen, connects to the Heart, follows the pharynx to emerge at the mouth, ascends to the eyes, enters the level of Chengqi (ST 1), ties the eye system as a net under the eye, and combines with the original Foot-Yangming meridian. The Zheng Mai of Foot-Taiyin ascends the medial thigh, joins Foot-Yangming, runs with the branch to the pharynx and through the tongue. This is the third of the six unions. E [eye area] is pronounced e. Zhuo [eye area] is pronounced zhuo.)
The Zheng Mai of Hand-Taiyang Small Intestine points downward (towards the earth), diverges from the shoulder joint, enters the axilla, travels to the Heart, and ties to the Small Intestine. The Zheng Mai of Hand-Shaoyin Heart diverges into the space between the two tendons at Yuanye (GB 22), belongs to the Heart, ascends to the throat, emerges on the face, and combines at the medial canthus. This forms the fourth union. (This indicates that the Small Intestine and Heart are exterior-interior pairs, forming a union. "Pointing to earth" means the earth is Yin, residing within Heaven. The internal pathway of Hand-Taiyang diverges from the shoulder joint, enters the axilla, travels to the Heart, and ties to the Small Intestine; all move from superior to inferior, from exterior to interior, hence "pointing to earth." The Meridian Chapter says they cross the shoulder, enter the supraclavicular fossa, and connect to the Heart; this text says they diverge from the shoulder joint, enter the axilla, and travel to the Heart. There are likely pathways entering the Heart both anteriorly and posteriorly. The Zheng Mai of Hand-Shaoyin, three cun below the axilla at the level of Foot-Shaoyang's Yuanye, travels between the two tendons, internally belongs to the Heart, and combines with Hand-Taiyang's pathway entering the axilla and traveling to the Heart. It then ascends to flank the pharynx, emerges on the face, and combines at the medial canthus, where it should meet Jingming (BL 1) of Foot-Taiyang. This is the fourth of the six unions.)
The Zheng Mai of Hand-Shaoyang Sanjiao points upward (towards Heaven), diverges from the vertex, enters the supraclavicular fossa, descends to the Sanjiao, and scatters in the chest cavity. The Zheng Mai of Hand-Jueyin Pericardium diverges three cun downward into the chest cavity, separately belongs to the Sanjiao, emerges to follow the throat, emerges behind the ear, and combines with Shaoyang below Wanggu (GB 12). This forms the fifth union. (This indicates that the Sanjiao and Pericardium are exterior-interior pairs, forming a union. "Pointing to Heaven" means Heaven is Yang, operating outside the earth. The Zheng Mai of Hand-Shaoyang diverges from the vertex, enters the supraclavicular fossa, descends to the Sanjiao, and scatters in the chest, encompassing the organs outside the viscera, hence "pointing to Heaven." The Zheng Mai of Hand-Jueyin, its internal divergent branch, shares the same origin three cun below the axilla at the level of Foot-Shaoyang's Yuanye with the Shaoyin pathway, enters the chest, belongs to the Sanjiao, emerges to follow the throat, travels behind the ear, and combines with Hand and Foot Shaoyang below Wanggu. This is the fifth of the six unions.)
The Zheng Mai of Hand-Yangming Large Intestine follows the chest and breast from the hand, diverges from Jianjing (GB 21), enters the vertebral column, descends to the Large Intestine, belongs to the Lung, ascends to follow the throat, emerges from the supraclavicular fossa, and combines with Hand-Yangming. The Zheng Mai of Hand-Taiyin Lung diverges into the space anterior to Yuanye and Hand-Shaoyin, enters the Lung, scatters to the Large Intestine, emerges from the supraclavicular fossa, follows the throat, and re-combines with Hand-Yangming. This completes the sixth union. (This indicates that the Large Intestine and Lung are exterior-interior pairs, forming a union. The Zheng Mai of Hand-Yangming follows the intercostal and mammary regions; its internal branch diverges from Jianjing, enters the vertebral column, descends from the supraclavicular fossa to the Large Intestine, belongs to the Lung; its ascending branch follows the throat, emerges from the supraclavicular fossa, and combines with the original Hand-Yangming meridian. The Zheng Mai of Hand-Taiyin, its internal branch, diverges from Tianfu (LU 3) into Yuanye, enters internally anterior to the Hand-Shaoyin Heart meridian to reach the Lung, scatters to the Large Intestine; its ascending branch emerges from the supraclavicular fossa, follows the throat, and re-combines with the Hand-Yangming meridian. Above, these constitute the Twelve Primary Meridians, forming the six unions.)