典藏书目

(Integrating the twelve categories, only the category of "Diseases" is vast and complex, difficult to exhaustively list. What is selected here are either excerpts of key points or summaries of themes; readers should still seek detailed understanding within each respective category.)

Yang represents the Qi of Heaven and primarily governs the exterior; Yin represents the Qi of Earth and primarily governs the interior. Therefore, the pathway of Yang tends toward fullness (Shi), while the pathway of Yin tends toward emptiness (Xu). Consequently, those who contract pathogenic factors such as thieving winds and empty evils are affected via Yang; those affected by irregular diet and improper daily routines are affected via Yin. When contracted via Yang, the pathogen enters the Six Fu Organs (Six Bowels); when contracted via Yin, it enters the Five Zang Organs (Five Viscera). Yang channels are susceptible to Wind Qi, while Yin channels are susceptible to Dampness Qi. Diseases in Yang ascend to their extreme and then descend; diseases in Yin descend to their extreme and then ascend. (See Diseases Category 13)

The Heaven's Yang is insufficient in the Northwest, so the Northwest belongs to Yin; consequently, a person's right ear and eye are less acute than the left. The Earth's Yin is incomplete in the Southeast, so the Southeast belongs to Yang; consequently, a person's left hand and foot are not as strong as the right. Thus, if both upper and lower parts are affected by pathogens, the condition is more severe on the right when located above, and more severe on the left when located below. This is because the Yin and Yang of Heaven and Earth cannot be complete, so pathogens reside in these deficient areas. (See Yin-Yang 3)

The Yellow Emperor asked: How should one apply the principles of Yin and Yang? Qibo replied: If Yang is excessive, the body becomes hot, pores close, breathing becomes coarse and labored causing difficulty in bending and stretching, sweat does not come out yet heat persists, teeth become dry accompanied by vexation and oppression, abdominal fullness occurs leading to death; such patients can tolerate Winter but not Summer. If Yin is excessive, the body becomes cold with sweating, the body feels constantly chilly, frequent shivering and coldness occur, cold leads to cold extremities (Jue), and cold extremities lead to abdominal fullness causing death; such patients can tolerate Summer but not Winter. These are the changes of alternating excess of Yin and Yang, representing the forms of disease. The Yellow Emperor asked: How to regulate these two? Qibo replied: If one understands the principles of "Seven Damages and Eight Benefits," then Yin and Yang can be regulated; failing to use this principle leads to signs of premature aging. At forty years old, Yin Qi naturally halves, and daily activities decline. At fifty, the body feels heavy, and hearing and vision become less acute. At sixty, impotence occurs, Qi severely declines, the Nine Orifices become obstructed, deficiency in the lower part and excess in the upper part manifest, and tears and nasal discharge appear. (See Yin-Yang 2)

Disease in Yang is called Feng (Wind); disease in Yin is called Bi (Obstruction); disease involving both Yin and Yang is called Feng-Bi. Disease presenting with physical form but no pain belongs to the category of Yang; disease presenting with no physical form but pain belongs to the category of Yin. For no form but pain, Yang is intact but Yin is injured; urgently treat Yin, do not attack Yang. For form present but no pain, Yin is intact but Yang is injured; urgently treat Yang, do not attack Yin. If both Yin and Yang are disturbed, alternately showing form and formlessness, compounded by vexation, it is called Yin exceeding Yang. This is neither in the Exterior nor the Interior, and the condition will not last long. (See Acupuncture 31)

Yin diseases manifest in bones, Yang diseases manifest in blood, Yin diseases manifest in flesh, Yang diseases manifest in Winter, Yin diseases manifest in Summer; this is called the "Five Manifestations." Pathogens entering Yang cause Mania (Kuang); pathogens entering Yin cause Bi syndrome; pathogens clashing with Yang cause Cephalic Diseases (Dian Ji); pathogens clashing with Yin cause Aphonia (Yin); Yang entering Yin results in quietness; Yin exiting Yang results in anger; this is called the "Five Disorders." (See Diseases 25)

Yang deficiency causes exterior cold; Yin deficiency causes interior heat; Yang excess causes exterior heat; Yin excess causes interior cold. (See Diseases 20)

Yang merging into Yin results in Yin excess and Yang deficiency. Yang excess causes exterior heat; Yin deficiency causes interior heat. (See Diseases 48)

Clear Yang exits through the Upper Orifices; Turbid Yin exits through the Lower Orifices. Clear Yang disperses through the Couli (pores/skin interstices); Turbid Yin travels to the Zang Organs. Clear Yang fills the Four Limbs; Turbid Yin returns to the Fu Organs. (See Yin-Yang 1)

Pathogens generated in Yang arise from wind, rain, cold, and summer heat; those generated in Yin arise from diet, dwelling, and emotional joys and angers. (See Diseases 19)

Human Yang Qi, when subjected to fatigue and overexertion, becomes hyperactive and expansive. Human Yang Qi, in its refined state, nourishes the Spirit (Shen); in its soft state, it nourishes the Sinews (Jin). If opening and closing functions fail, Cold Qi follows and enters, resulting in severe kyphosis (Lou). (See Diseases 5)

Human Yin Qi, when quiet, stores the Spirit; when restless, the Spirit dissipates. If food intake doubles, the Intestines and Stomach are damaged. (See Diseases 67)

Yin excess injures Yang; Yang excess injures Yin. Yang excess causes Heat; Yin excess causes Cold. (See Yin-Yang 1)

Extreme Yin transforms into Yang; Extreme Yang transforms into Yin. (See Yin-Yang 1; Pulse and Color 33)

Differentiating Yang allows one to know the origin of the disease; differentiating Yin allows one to know the time of death or survival. (See Zang-Xiang 24; Pulse and Color 26)

If Yin Qi is too excessive, Yang Qi cannot circulate and nourish, thus it is called Guan (Obstruction). If Yang Qi is too excessive, Yin Qi cannot circulate and nourish, thus it is called Ge (Rebellion). If both Yin and Yang are excessive and cannot mutually nourish, it is called Guan-Ge. (See Meridians 22)

When Yin and Yang do not correspond, the disease is named Guan-Ge. (See Pulse and Color 22)

A coarse pulse indicates Yin insufficiency and Yang excess, constituting Heat in the Middle. All floating pulses without agitation belong to Yang, indicating Heat; if agitation is present, it is in the Hand meridians. All fine and deep pulses belong to Yin, indicating Bone Pain; if stillness is present, it is in the Foot meridians. Yang excess manifests as body heat without sweat; Yin excess manifests as profuse sweating and cold body; excess in both Yin and Yang manifests as no sweat and cold body. (See Pulse and Color 21)

When Yin Qi is scant and Yang Qi prevails, there is heat and vexation/fullness. When Yang Qi is scant and Yin Qi is abundant, the body feels cold as if emerging from water. The Four Limbs belong to Yang. When two Yangs combine and Yin Qi becomes deficient, little water cannot extinguish flourishing fire, leading to Yang acting alone. Acting alone prevents growth and development. (See Diseases 45)

When Yin and Yang are separated like distinct entities, the disease is difficult to treat. (See Acupuncture 23)

With Yin Qi below and Yang Qi above, all Yang Qi floats without foundation or guidance, causing vomiting, coughing, and upper body wheezing/asthma. (See Diseases 11)

Yin deficiency allows Yang pathogens to converge, causing shortness of breath, intermittent fever, and sweating. (See Diseases 31)

Deficiency in both Yin and Yang with Chang Pi (dysentery/blood in stool) leads to death. Yang added to Yin is called Sweat. Yin deficiency with pounding Yang pulse is called Beng (Metrorrhagia/Metrorrhesis). (See Pulse and Color 29)

Yang spasm causes opisthotonos (body arching backward); Yin spasm causes flexion inability (bending forward without extension). (See Diseases 69)

Pain is Yin; pain that cannot be relieved by pressure is also Yin, requiring deep needling. Disease in the upper part is Yang; disease in the lower part is Yin. Itching is Yang, requiring shallow needling. (See Acupuncture 53)

Yang combining with Yang causes Yang Qi to scatter and Yin Qi to perish. Those belonging to Dead Yin die within three days; those belonging to Living Yang die within four days. Yang stagnation causes swelling of the four limbs. Yin stagnation causes hematochezia (blood in stool) of one sheng. (See Diseases 6)

Yin deficiency leads to lack of Qi; lack of Qi leads to death. (See Zang-Xiang 9)

Severe depletion of Yang Qi easily leads to mania; depletion of both Yin and Yang leads to sudden death and unconsciousness. (See Zang-Xiang 30)

Yang excess and Yin deficiency cause Heat in the Middle and frequent hunger; Yang deficiency and Yin excess cause Cold in the Middle, borborygmus, and abdominal pain. (See Acupuncture 25)