从容者，谓平心静气，以诊病患之脉，帝言之以示雷公也。
黄帝燕坐，召雷公而问之曰∶汝受术诵书者，若能览观杂学，及于比类，通合道理，为余言子所长。……
雷公曰∶肝虚、肾虚、脾虚，皆令人体重烦冤，当投毒药、刺灸、砭石、汤液，或已或不已，愿闻其解。帝
曰∶公何年之长而问之少，余真问以自谬也。（……按∶自谬谓不意其不知而问之也。）夫脾虚浮似肺，肾小
浮似脾，肝急沉散似肾，此皆工之所时乱也，然从容得之。（……浮而缓曰脾，浮而短曰肺，小浮而滑曰心，
急紧而散曰肝，搏沉而滑曰肾，不能比类，则疑乱弥甚。按∶时犹常也，乱，谓昏乱。脉象变幻，有真有似，
以似为真则误矣。故必比其形类，定其真似，而后病始无误也。然此非躁心浮气者之所能，又必从容诊视乃得
也。）雷公曰∶于此有人，头痛筋挛骨重，怯然少气，哕噫腹满，时惊不嗜卧，此何脏之发也？脉浮而弦，
切之石坚，不知其解，复问所以三脏者，以知其比类也。（按∶证似有三脏之殊，而脉象不合，故以为问。）
帝曰∶夫从容之谓也。（按∶言此亦当从容诊视也。）夫年长则求之于腑，年少则求之于经，年
壮则求之于脏。（年之长者甚于味，年之少者劳于使，年之壮者过于内。过于内则耗伤精气，劳于使则经中
风邪，恣于味则伤于腑，故求之异也。）今子所言皆失，八风菀熟，五脏消烁，传邪相受。夫浮而弦者，是肾
不足也。（按∶肾脉宜弦而沉，不足则虚而浮矣。）沉而石者，是肾气内着也。（石之言坚也，着谓肾气内薄着
而不行也。）怯然少气者，是水道不行，形气消索也。（肾气不足，故水道不行。肺脏被冲，故形气消散。
索，尽也。按∶肾为作强，不足故怯然悄索，注言肺脏被冲，似未之思也。）咳嗽烦冤者，是肾气之逆也。（按∶
肾不足，则离丹田而上冲。）一人之气，病在一脏也；若言三脏俱行，不在法也。（按∶一脏谓肾也，言以上
诸证虽有四项，其实则在肾经一脏，若疑是三脏，是为不合于法也。）雷公曰∶于此有人，四肢解堕，喘咳血
泄，而愚诊之，以为伤肺，切脉浮大而紧，愚不敢治，粗工下砭石，病愈，多出血，血止身轻，此何物也？
帝曰∶子所能治，知亦众多，与此病失矣。（……按∶言其能治他病，而此则误也。）今夫脉浮大虚者，是脾
气之外绝，去胃外归阳明也。（按∶阳明内应胃而外主经，浮大者气虚，脾胃相连而主气，气虚故浮大，乃脾
弱不能为胃营运，外归阳明之经，脉之所以浮大而虚也。）夫二火不胜三水，是以脉乱而无常也。（二火谓二
阳脏，三水谓三阴脏。二阳脏者，心肺也，以在膈上故；三阴脏者，肝脾肾也，以在膈下故。然三阴之气，
上胜二阳，阳不胜阴，故脉乱而无常也。）四肢解堕，此脾精之不行也。（土主四肢故解堕，脾精不化，故使
之然。）喘咳者，是水气并阳明也。（肾气逆入于胃，故水气并于阳明。）血泄者，脉急血无所行也。（血不入经，
故为血泄，以脉奔急而血泄，故曰血无所行也。）若夫以为伤肺者，
由失以狂也。不引比类，是知不明也。（言所识不明，不能比类，以为伤肺，犹失狂言耳。）夫伤肺者，脾气
不守，胃气不清，经气不为使，真脏坏决，经脉旁绝，五脏漏泄，不衄则呕，此二者不相类也。（肺气伤则脾
外救，故云脾气不守。肺脏损则气不行，不行则胃满，故云胃气不清。肺者主行荣卫阴阳，故肺伤则经脉不能
为之行使也。真脏谓肺脏也，若肺脏损坏，皮膜决破，经脉旁绝而不流行，五脏之气上溢而漏泄者，不衄血则
呕血也。何者？肺主鼻，胃应口也。然口鼻者，气之门户也。今肺脏已损，胃气不清，不上衄则血下流于胃中，
故不衄出则呕出也。然伤肺伤脾，衄血泄血，标出且异，本归亦殊，故此二者不相类也。）譬如天之无形，地
之无理，白与黑，相去远矣。（……言伤肺伤脾，形证悬别，譬如天地之相远，黑白之异象也。）
“从容”的意思是，平心静气，通过诊察病患的脉象来诊断疾病，这是黄帝以此教导雷公。
黄帝安坐，召见雷公并问他道：“你学习医术、诵读医书，若能博览杂学，善于运用比类推理的方法，通晓并契合医理，那么请你说说你的长处所在。……”
雷公说：“肝虚、肾虚、脾虚，都会让人体感沉重、心中烦闷冤屈，此时应当使用毒药、针刺艾灸、砭石放血或汤液治疗，有的病好了，有的没好，希望听听其中的解释。”
黄帝说：“你年纪多大却问出这么浅显的问题，我原本真诚的提问反而显得我自相矛盾了。（……按语：自谬是指没想到你会不知道而问你。）脾虚的脉象浮而无力，类似肺脉；肾虚的脉象小且浮，类似脾脉；肝虚的脉象急而沉散，类似肾脉，这些都是医生时常混淆的地方，然而只要从容诊视就能分辨清楚。（……浮而缓是脾脉，浮而短是肺脉，小浮而滑是心脉，急紧而散是肝脉，搏动沉而滑是肾脉，如果不能进行比类分析，疑惑和混乱就会更加严重。按语：时犹常也，乱指昏乱。脉象变幻莫测，有真象也有似象，把似象当作真象就会误诊。所以必须比较其形态类别，确定真假相似之处，然后疾病才不会误判。然而这不是心浮气躁的人所能做到的，必须从容诊视才能得知。）”
雷公说：“这里有一位病人，头痛、筋脉拘挛、骨节沉重、怯弱少气、呃逆嗳气、腹部胀满、时常惊恐、不喜欢睡觉，这是哪一脏发病呢？脉象浮而弦，重按如石头般坚硬，我不明白其中的道理，再次询问关于这三脏的问题，是想通过比类方法来知晓答案。（按语：症状似乎涉及三脏的不同表现，但脉象不符合，所以以此发问。）”
黄帝说：“这就是所谓的‘从容’之道。（按语：意思是这种情况也应当从容诊视。）年长的人患病要考察六腑，年少的人患病要考察十二经脉，年壮的人患病要考察五脏。（年长者饮食厚味过度，年少者劳役过度，年壮者房事过度。房事过度会耗伤精气，劳役过度会使经脉受风邪侵袭，饮食过度会损伤六腑，所以考察重点不同。）如今你说的都错了，这是八风之邪郁积化热，导致五脏精气消烁，邪气相互传受。脉象浮而弦，说明肾气不足。（按语：肾脉宜弦而沉，不足则虚而浮。）脉象沉而坚如石，说明肾气内结停滞。（石即坚硬之意，着指肾气内迫附着而不运行。）怯弱少气，是因为水道不通，形体与正气消损枯竭。（肾气不足，所以水道不通。肺气被冲逆，所以形气消散。索，尽也。按语：肾为作强之官，不足故怯弱悄索，注解说肺气被冲，似乎未加深思。）咳嗽烦闷，是肾气上逆所致。（按语：肾不足，则离丹田而上冲。）一个人的气机病变，只在一脏；如果说三脏同时发病，就不符合法度了。（按语：一脏指肾，以上诸证虽有四项，其实都在肾经这一脏，若怀疑是三脏，是不合于法的。）”
雷公说：“这里有一位病人，四肢懈怠松弛、喘咳、便血泄泻，我诊察后，认为是肺受伤，切脉发现浮大而紧，我不敢治疗，粗工用砭石刺破皮肤，病愈了，流出很多血，血止后身体轻快，这是什么病呢？”
黄帝说：“你能治疗的病，知道的可能很多，但这个病你却搞错了。（……按语：意思是你能治其他病，但这个病则误判了。）如今脉象浮大虚弱的，是脾气外绝，离开胃外归于阳明经。（按语：阳明内应胃而外主经，浮大表示气虚，脾胃相连而主气，气虚故脉浮大，乃脾弱不能为胃运化水谷，外归阳明之经，所以脉象浮大而虚。）二火不胜三水，所以脉象紊乱而无常规。（二火指二阳脏，三水指三阴脏。二阳脏是心肺，因为在膈上；三阴脏是肝脾肾，因为在膈下。然而三阴之气上胜二阳，阳不胜阴，所以脉象紊乱无常。）四肢懈怠松弛，这是脾精不能输布。（土主四肢，故懈怠松弛，脾精不化，所以导致这样。）喘咳，是水气并入阳明。（肾气逆入于胃，所以水气并于阳明。）便血泄泻，是因为脉急血无所行。（血不入经，所以为血泄，因脉奔急而血泄，所以说血无所行。）如果认为是肺受伤，那是由于失去理智的狂言。不引伸比类，说明见识不明。（所说的见识不明，不能比类，误以为伤肺，如同失狂之言一样。）所谓伤肺的病，表现为脾气不守，胃气不清，经气不为驱使，真脏败坏决裂，经脉旁绝，五脏漏泄，不是鼻衄就是呕血，这两种情况是不相似的。（肺气伤则脾向外救助，所以说脾气不守。肺脏受损则气不行，气不行则胃满，所以说胃气不清。肺主行营卫阴阳，所以肺伤则经脉不能为之行使。真脏指肺脏，若肺脏损坏，皮膜破裂，经脉旁绝而不流行，五脏之气上溢而漏泄，不是鼻衄血就是呕血。为什么？肺主鼻，胃应口。口鼻是气的门户。现在肺脏已损，胃气不清，不上衄则血下流于胃中，所以不衄出则呕出。然而伤肺与伤脾，衄血与泄血，标症尚且不同，本源亦殊，所以这两者不相类似。）这就像天没有形状，地没有纹理，白色与黑色，相距遥远了。（……意思是伤肺与伤脾，形证悬殊，就像天地相距那样远，黑白异象那样不同。）”
"Congrong" (Calm and Composed) refers to maintaining a calm mind and quiet spirit while palpating the patient's pulse to diagnose illness. This is how the Yellow Emperor instructed Lei Gong.
The Yellow Emperor sat in tranquility, summoned Lei Gong, and asked him, "You have studied arts and recited books. If you can survey diverse learning, apply analogical reasoning, and comprehend and integrate with the principles of medicine, tell me your strengths. ..."
Lei Gong said, "Liver deficiency, Kidney deficiency, and Spleen deficiency all cause the body to feel heavy and the mind to feel vexed and aggrieved. One should administer toxic drugs, acupuncture and moxibustion, bian stones (stone scalpels), or decoctions. Some recover, some do not. I wish to hear the explanation."
The Yellow Emperor said, "How old are you to ask such a superficial question? My sincere inquiry has made myself appear contradictory. (...Note: 'Zimou' means being surprised that one does not know and asking about it.) Spleen deficiency presents with a floating and weak pulse, resembling the Lung pulse; Kidney deficiency presents with a small and floating pulse, resembling the Spleen pulse; Liver deficiency presents with an urgent, deep, and scattered pulse, resembling the Kidney pulse. These are often confused by physicians, but they can be distinguished through Congrong (calm and composed diagnosis). (...Floating and slow indicates Spleen; floating and short indicates Lung; small, floating, and slippery indicates Heart; urgent, tight, and scattered indicates Liver; firm, deep, and slippery indicates Kidney. Without analogical reasoning, doubt and confusion increase. Note: 'Shi' means often; 'Luan' means confusion. Pulse images vary, having both true and similar appearances. Mistaking the similar for the true leads to error. Thus, one must compare their forms and categories to determine truth and similarity, ensuring no diagnostic error. However, this cannot be achieved by those with restless hearts and floating qi; one must diagnose with Congrong.)"
Lei Gong said, "Here is a patient with headache, tendon contraction, heaviness in bones, timidity and shortness of breath, hiccups and belching, abdominal fullness, frequent fright, and aversion to sleep. Which Zang organ is affected? The pulse is floating and wiry, and feels hard as stone upon deep pressure. I do not understand the explanation. I ask again about these three Zang organs to understand through analogy. (Note: Symptoms seem to differ among three Zang organs, but the pulse image does not match, hence the question.)"
The Yellow Emperor said, "This is what is called 'Congrong'. (Note: Meaning one should also diagnose with calm composure.) For the elderly, seek the disease in the Fu organs; for the young, seek it in the meridians; for the vigorous adults, seek it in the Zang organs. (The elderly suffer from excessive dietary intake; the young from physical labor; the vigorous from internal excess [sexual activity]. Excess internally consumes Jing and Qi; labor exposes meridians to Wind pathogens; excess diet damages Fu organs; thus, the focus differs.) What you say now is all wrong. It is due to the stagnation and ripening of the Eight Winds, causing the five Zang organs to waste away, with pathogens transmitting and affecting each other. A floating and wiry pulse indicates Kidney insufficiency. (Note: Kidney pulse should be wiry and deep; insufficiency makes it deficient and floating.) A deep and stone-hard pulse indicates Kidney Qi adhering internally. ('Stone' means hard; 'Zhao' means Kidney Qi pressing inward without moving.) Timidity and shortness of breath indicate failure of the water pathways and exhaustion of form and Qi. (Kidney Qi insufficiency causes water pathway failure. Lung Qi is rushed, causing form and Qi to dissipate. 'Suo' means exhausted. Note: Kidney is the organ of strength; insufficiency causes timidity. The commentary mentioning Lung Qi being rushed seems poorly considered.) Cough and vexation indicate rebellious Kidney Qi. (Note: Kidney insufficiency allows Qi to rush upward from the Dantian.) In one person, the pathology lies in one Zang organ; if one claims three Zang organs are acting simultaneously, it violates the principle. (Note: 'One Zang' refers to the Kidney. Although there are four symptoms above, they actually belong to the single Kidney meridian. Suspecting three Zang organs is inconsistent with the law.)"
Lei Gong said, "Here is a patient with flaccidity of the four limbs, wheezing and coughing, and bloody diarrhea/stool. Upon diagnosis, I believed the Lung was injured. The pulse was floating, large, and tight. I dared not treat. A crude physician used bian stones, the illness resolved, much blood was lost, and after bleeding stopped, the body felt light. What is this condition?"
The Yellow Emperor said, "You may know many diseases you can treat, but you have erred regarding this one. (...Note: Meaning you can treat other diseases, but this one is mistaken.) Now, a floating, large, and deficient pulse indicates the external severance of Spleen Qi, which leaves the Stomach and returns externally to the Yangming meridian. (Note: Yangming corresponds internally to the Stomach and externally governs the meridians. Floating and large indicates Qi deficiency. Spleen and Stomach are connected and govern Qi; Qi deficiency causes floating and large pulses. This is because Spleen weakness fails to transport and transform for the Stomach, returning externally to the Yangming meridian, hence the floating, large, and deficient pulse.) When the Two Fires cannot overcome the Three Waters, the pulse becomes chaotic and irregular. (Two Fires refer to the two Yang Zang organs, Heart and Lung, located above the diaphragm; Three Waters refer to the three Yin Zang organs, Liver, Spleen, and Kidney, located below the diaphragm. However, the Qi of the Three Yin overcomes the Two Yang; Yang cannot overcome Yin, hence the chaotic and irregular pulse.) Flaccidity of the four limbs indicates the failure of Spleen Essence to circulate. (Earth governs the four limbs, hence flaccidity; Spleen Essence fails to transform, causing this state.) Wheezing and coughing indicate Water Qi merging with Yangming. (Kidney Qi rebels into the Stomach, so Water Qi merges with Yangming.) Bloody discharge indicates urgent pulses where Blood has nowhere to go. (Blood does not enter the meridians, resulting in bloody discharge; because the pulse rushes urgently, blood leaks out, hence 'Blood has nowhere to go.') To consider it a Lung injury is due to irrational madness. Failing to employ analogical reasoning shows unclear understanding. (Meaning understanding is unclear, unable to use analogy, mistakenly thinking it is a Lung injury, akin to mad talk.) As for Lung injury, it manifests as Spleen Qi failing to maintain control, Stomach Qi failing to clear turbidity, and Meridian Qi failing to act as a driver. The True Zang is damaged and ruptured, meridians are severed peripherally, and the five Zang organs leak. There is either nasal epistaxis or vomiting of blood; these two conditions are not similar. (Lung Qi injury causes Spleen to rescue externally, hence 'Spleen Qi fails to maintain control.' Lung damage causes Qi stagnation, leading to stomach fullness, hence 'Stomach Qi fails to clear.' Lung governs the movement of Ying and Wei, Yin and Yang; thus, Lung injury prevents meridians from functioning. 'True Zang' refers to the Lung. If the Lung is damaged, membranes rupture, meridians are severed peripherally and do not flow, and Qi of the five Zang organs overflows and leaks, resulting in either nasal epistaxis or hematemesis. Why? Lung governs the nose, Stomach corresponds to the mouth. Mouth and nose are the gates of Qi. Now that the Lung is damaged and Stomach Qi is turbid, if it does not epistaxise upwards, blood flows down into the Stomach, hence if not nasal, then vomited. However, Lung injury vs. Spleen injury, epistaxis vs. bloody stool, even the manifest signs differ, and the roots are distinct; thus, these two are not similar.) This is like Heaven having no shape, Earth having no pattern, White and Black being far apart. (...Meaning Lung injury and Spleen injury are vastly different in manifestation, just as Heaven and Earth are distant, or White and Black are distinct.)"