产后汗出多而变类 症,口噤不开,背强而直,身反气息如绝,系失血亡汗,感风所致
。宜
速服加减生化汤,少加风药,阴服则阳自和,血行则风自灭,切不可纯用风药,致血燥益甚
,筋失所养,成不治也。
加减生化汤
川芎 当归 麻黄根 桂枝 防风 甘草 羌活 附子 人参 天麻 羚羊角
又方 治产后无汗,类 中风,筋脉四肢挛急。
川芎 当归 羌活 防风 枣仁
此血虚之故,当重用芎归。
产后泄泻,非如杂症,有飧泄、濡泄、洞泄、水谷注下之论,大率属气虚食积有湿也。
气积
宜补,食积宜消,脾湿宜燥,然恶露未消,骤难峻补。消燥当先服生化汤两三帖,以化生新
旧之血,内加茯苓以利小便,俟血化生,然后补气消食,燥湿而分利水道,始无滞涩虚虚之
失。若虚旬日外,方论杂症,犹量人虚而治。如痛下清水,腹鸣米饮不化,以寒泄治之。粪
色赤黄,肚门痛秘,以热泄治之。有因饮食过多,脾伤成泻,自有嗳气,臭如败卵。又有脾
气久虚少食,食下肠鸣腹急,尽下所有之物,方觉快者。其症各异,其治法寒则温之,热则
清之,脾伤食积,分利健脾,兼消兼补,以虚为本,斯为善调治者也。
丹溪治产后虚泻,眼昏不识人危症,用
白术(三钱) 人参(七钱) 茯苓(三钱) 附子(一钱)
水煎。
加减生化汤 治产后血块未消服此方。
川芎(二钱) 当归(四钱) 炮姜(四分) 桃仁(十粒) 炙草(五分) 茯苓(二钱) 莲子
(八个)
健脾利水生化汤 治产后血块已消,服此方。
当归(二钱) 川芎(一钱) 干姜(四分) 茯苓(一钱五分) 人参(三钱) 肉果(一个,
制) 白术(一钱,泔水浸) 陈皮(五分) 泽泻(八分)
寒泻加干姜八分。寒痛泻加砂仁八分,干姜四分。热泻加黄连八分酒炒。水泻腹痛,米
饮不
化,加砂仁、山楂、麦芽。泻有酸腐臭气,加神曲八分,砂仁八分,山楂,麦芽五分。脾气
久虚,泻出所食之物,方可快者,以食积论,加山楂、麦芽、神曲、砂仁。脾气弱,元气虚
,产劳甚,必大补,佐消食,佐消热,佐祛寒,弱甚形色脱,必用丹溪参苓术附方大补,始
可回生也。久泻加升麻。诸泻加莲子十个,次煎取送药。泻水多者,加苍术一钱以燥之。
产后出现多汗并伴随类似痉病的症状,表现为牙关紧闭无法张开,背部僵硬挺直,身体向后反折,呼吸微弱似断绝,这是由于失血和大量出汗后,感受风邪所致。应当迅速服用加减生化汤,并少量加入祛风药物,通过滋养阴液使阳气自然调和,血液运行通畅则风邪自灭,切不可单纯使用祛风药,以免导致血液更加干燥,筋脉失去滋养,从而形成难以治愈的病症。
加减生化汤
川芎、当归、麻黄根、桂枝、防风、甘草、羌活、附子、人参、天麻、羚羊角。
又一方:治疗产后无汗,类似中风,筋脉及四肢拘挛紧急。
川芎、当归、羌活、防风、酸枣仁。
这是血虚的缘故,应当重用川芎和当归。
产后泄泻,不像其他杂病那样有飧泄(完谷不化)、濡泄(大便稀溏)、洞泄(水样直下)、水谷注下等论述,大体上属于气虚、食积兼有湿邪。
气滞宜补益,食积宜消导,脾湿宜燥湿,然而恶露尚未排净时,骤然难以进行峻猛补益。消导和燥湿应当先服用两三帖生化汤,以化解旧血、生成新血,方中加入茯苓以利小便,等到血液化生正常后,然后再补气、消食、燥湿并分利水道,这样才不会犯下因阻滞而致虚的过失。如果过了十天以外,才像讨论杂病那样,根据病人的虚实情况来治疗。如腹痛排出清水,肠鸣且米饮不能消化,按寒性泄泻治疗。粪便颜色赤黄,肛门疼痛便秘,按热性泄泻治疗。有的因为饮食过多,损伤脾胃而成泄泻,自然伴有嗳气,气味臭如败卵。又有脾气久虚、食欲减退,进食后肠鸣腹急,将所吃之物全部排出后才觉得舒服的。这些症状各不相同,治疗方法寒者温之,热者清之,脾伤食积者,分利健脾,兼用消导和补益,以虚证为本,这才是善于调治的方法。
朱丹溪治疗产后虚泻,眼睛昏花不识人的危重病症,使用:
白术(三钱)、人参(七钱)、茯苓(三钱)、附子(一钱)
水煎服。
加减生化汤:治疗产后血块未消除,服用此方。
川芎(二钱)、当归(四钱)、炮姜(四分)、桃仁(十粒)、炙甘草(五分)、茯苓(二钱)、莲子(八个)。
健脾利水生化汤:治疗产后血块已消除,服用此方。
当归(二钱)、川芎(一钱)、干姜(四分)、茯苓(一钱五分)、人参(三钱)、肉豆蔻(一个,制过)、白术(一钱,用淘米水浸泡)、陈皮(五分)、泽泻(八分)。
寒性泄泻加干姜八分。寒性腹痛泄泻加砂仁八分、干姜四分。热性泄泻加黄连八分,酒炒。水样泄泻伴腹痛,米饮不化,加砂仁、山楂、麦芽。泄泻有酸腐臭味,加神曲八分、砂仁八分、山楂、麦芽五分。脾气久虚,泄出所吃之物,排泄后才觉得舒服,按食积论治,加山楂、麦芽、神曲、砂仁。脾气弱,元气虚,产劳严重,必须大补,佐以消食,佐以清热,佐以祛寒,若虚弱至极、形色脱失,必须使用朱丹溪的人参、茯苓、白术、附子方大补,才能回生。久泻加升麻。各种泄泻加莲子十个,在第二次煎煮时取汁送服药物。泄水多者,加苍术一钱以燥湿。
Postpartum excessive sweating accompanied by symptoms resembling spasm (spasmodic disease), manifesting as trismus (lockjaw) where the mouth cannot open, rigidity and straightness of the back, opisthotonos (arching of the back), and breathlessness as if lifeless, is caused by blood loss and profuse sweating followed by wind-pathogen invasion. One should quickly administer Modified Shenghua Decoction (Modified Birth-Transforming Decoction) with a small amount of wind-dispelling herbs. By nourishing Yin, Yang will harmonize naturally; when blood circulation resumes, wind will extinguish itself. It is strictly forbidden to use only wind-dispelling herbs, which would cause blood dryness to worsen, leading to malnourishment of sinews and resulting in an incurable condition.
Modified Shenghua Decoction (Modified Birth-Transforming Decoction)
Chuanxiong Rhizome (Chuanxiong Radix), Angelica Sinensis Root (Danggui Radix), Ephedra Root (Mahuanggen), Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi), Saposhnikovia Root (Fangfeng), Licorice Root (Gancao), Notopterygium Rhizome (Qianghuo), Aconite Lateral Root (Fuzi), Ginseng Root (Renshen), Gastrodia Tuber (Tianma), Antelope Horn (Lingyangjiao).
Another prescription: Treats postpartum absence of sweating, stroke-like syndrome (Zhongfeng), and spasms/contractions of sinews and vessels in the limbs.
Chuanxiong Rhizome, Angelica Sinensis Root, Notopterygium Rhizome, Saposhnikovia Root, Ziziphus Seed (Zaoren).
This is due to blood deficiency; therefore, Chuanxiong and Dangui should be used in heavy doses.
Postpartum diarrhea differs from miscellaneous diseases; it does not follow the classifications of undigested stool diarrhea (Xunxie), soft diarrhea (Ruxie), hole diarrhea (Dongxie), or watery/grain diarrhea. Generally, it belongs to Qi deficiency, food stagnation, and dampness.
Qi stagnation requires tonification, food stagnation requires resolution, and spleen dampness requires drying. However, since lochia (postpartum discharge) has not yet cleared, sudden harsh tonification is difficult. For resolution and drying, one should first take two or three doses of Shenghua Decoction to transform old blood and generate new blood, adding Poria (Fuling) internally to promote urination. Only after blood transformation and generation are complete should one proceed to tonify Qi, resolve food, dry dampness, and separate fluids to drain water channels, thereby avoiding errors of obstruction and further depletion. If more than ten days have passed, treatment may follow the principles for miscellaneous diseases, adjusting according to the patient's deficiency or excess. For example, if there is painful passage of clear water, borborygmus, and inability to digest rice water, treat as cold diarrhea. If feces are red-yellow with anal pain and constipation, treat as hot diarrhea. Some cases arise from overeating damaging the spleen, naturally accompanied by belching with a foul odor like rotten eggs. Others involve long-term spleen Qi deficiency and poor appetite; after eating, borborygmus and abdominal urgency occur, and relief is felt only after all ingested matter is expelled. Although symptoms vary, treatments include warming for cold, clearing for heat, separating fluids and strengthening the spleen for spleen injury and food stagnation, combining resolution and tonification, focusing on deficiency as the root. This constitutes proper management.
Zhu Danxi treated critical postpartum deficiency diarrhea with blurred vision and inability to recognize people using:
Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome (Baizhu, 3 qian), Ginseng Root (Renshen, 7 qian), Poria (Fuling, 3 qian), Aconite Lateral Root (Fuzi, 1 qian).
Decoct in water.
Modified Shenghua Decoction (Modified Birth-Transforming Decoction): For postpartum blood stasis masses that have not yet resolved.
Chuanxiong Rhizome (2 qian), Angelica Sinensis Root (4 qian), Prepared Ginger (Paojiang), Peach Kernel (Taoren, 10 grains), Honey-fried Licorice Root (Zhigancao, 5 fen), Poria (2 qian), Lotus Seed (Lianzi, 8 seeds).
Spleen-Strengthening and Water-Draining Shenghua Decoction: For postpartum blood stasis masses that have already resolved.
Angelica Sinensis Root (2 qian), Chuanxiong Rhizome (1 qian), Dried Ginger (Ganjiang, 4 fen), Poria (1.5 qian), Ginseng Root (3 qian), Myristica Seed (Rouguo, 1 seed, processed), Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome (1 qian, soaked in rice water), Tangerine Peel (Chenpi, 5 fen), Alisma Rhizome (Zexie, 8 fen).
For cold diarrhea, add Dried Ginger (8 fen). For cold-induced abdominal pain and diarrhea, add Amomum Fruit (Sharen, 8 fen) and Dried Ginger (4 fen). For hot diarrhea, add Coptis Rhizome (Huanglian, 8 fen), stir-fried with wine. For watery diarrhea with abdominal pain and indigestion of rice water, add Amomum Fruit, Hawthorn Fruit (Shanzha), and Malt (Maiya). For diarrhea with sour, putrid odor, add Medicated Leaven (Shenqu, 8 fen), Amomum Fruit (8 fen), Hawthorn Fruit, and Malt (5 fen). For long-term spleen Qi deficiency where diarrhea consists of undigested food and relief follows expulsion, treat as food stagnation: add Hawthorn Fruit, Malt, Medicated Leaven, and Amomum Fruit. For weak spleen Qi, deficient Yuan Qi, and severe postpartum exhaustion, major tonification is necessary, assisted by resolving food, clearing heat, and dispelling cold. If weakness is extreme with physical collapse, Zhu Danxi’s Ginseng-Poria-Atractylodes-Aconite Formula must be used for major tonification to restore life. For chronic diarrhea, add Cimicifuga Rhizome (Shengma). For all types of diarrhea, add 10 Lotus Seeds, decocted separately to take with the medicine. For excessive watery diarrhea, add Atractylodes Lancea Rhizome (Cangzhu, 1 qian) to dry dampness.