〔曾〕论泻之原，有冷泻、热泻、伤食泻、水泻、积泻、惊泻、风泻、脏寒泻、疳积酿泻、种种不同，各分
于后。冷泻，多是白水，泻密而少，腹痛而鸣，眉皱目慢，面带白色，额有汗，多用冲和饮（慢惊）、当归散（潮热）
合和，水煨姜煎服，并守中汤（本条）参苓白术散（不乳食）、益中膏（本条）、沉香槟榔丸（不乳食）治之。热泻，大
便黄色，如
筒吊水，泻过即止，半日复然，心烦口渴，小便黄少，食乳必粗，先用五苓散（惊）或大顺饮（吐），次以钱氏白术
散（渴）主之，香薷散（吐泻）亦佳。伤食泻，乃脾胃素弱，复为生冷果食所伤，故大便不聚而泻，或因乳母餐生冷肥
腻之物，自乳而过，亦能作泻，面唇俱白，泻稀而少，或如坏鸡子，腥臭异常，身形黄瘦，宜先温正胃气，次理积，
而后固脾，冲和饮（慢惊）、当归散（潮热）合和，水煨姜、枣子煎服。理积，儿大者乌犀丸（吐），小者化癖
丸（癖）、三棱散（宿食）、固脾和中散（吐泻）、醒脾散（慢惊）。水泻，谓之洞泄，乃阴阳不顺，水谷不分，
泻黄水而小便少，番次密而无度，是夏秋之际，昼则解衣取凉，夜则失盖感冷，
冷热相激，清浊浑乱，或因母自热中来，乳有热气，遽以哺之，令儿脾胃不和，水谷交杂而下，以 咀五苓散（惊）
加薏苡仁、车前子、半夏，水姜煎服，分正阴阳，或先用大顺饮（吐）、温白汤调下香薷散（吐泻），调中止泻，钱氏白
术
散（渴）、六和汤（吐泻）亦好。积泻，脾气虚弱，乳食入胃，不能运化，积滞日久，再为冷食所伤，传之大肠，
遂成泄泻，留连不止，诸药无效，盖以积在脾胃，积既未除，何由得愈，宜先去积，后止泻，泻止，实脾则病除矣，三
棱散（宿食）、乌犀丸（吐），续用沉香槟榔丸（不乳食）、参苓白术散（慢惊）、和中散（吐泻）、香橘饼（本条）调理。
惊泻，
粪青如苔，稠若胶粘，不可便止，但镇心抑肝，和脾胃，消乳食，斯为治法。先投五苓散（惊），次用三棱散（宿食），
水姜仓米煎服，或三解散（潮热）、神曲生姜煎汤调服，及沉香槟榔丸（不乳食），不惊丹（惊）调治。风泻，慢惊
大病后有之，其粪稀，黄褐色，或夹不消乳食同下，此因脾虚所致，或夹黑褐色者属肾，盖脾虚为
肾水所乘故也，若久不进饮食，再有惊搐，宜疏肾水，去脾风，次补脾，则自愈，庶无复作之患。疏肾水， 咀五苓
散（惊）加黑牵牛，半生半炒，并薏苡仁、水、姜煎服。去脾风，泻黄散（脾）。调脾气，参苓白术散（不乳食）。脏
寒泻，粪如青竹色，不稀不稠，或下青水，未泻时腹痛而鸣，叫哭方泻，多是生来三五月内有此，周岁则无，始因
断脐带短，风冷自外逼内而成，此疾先用冲和饮（慢惊）水葱白煎投，温中解表，次以当归散（潮热）水煨姜煎服，及
投匀气散（疝）理中汤（吐泻）。疳积酿泻，其候面色痿黄，肚胀脚弱，头大项小，发稀且竖，肌肉消瘦，不思饮食，昼
凉
夜热，或腹内有症癖气块，泻则颜色不等，其臭异常，其泻有时，或一月、半月、旬日、一番，自泻自止，名
为疳积酿泻，先以当归散（潮热）加三棱、陈皮，水姜煎服，次投乌犀丸（吐）、沉香槟榔丸（不乳食）及化癖丸（癖）、
芦荟丸（疳
）、没石子丸（本条），儿最小者难下丸子，止投三棱散（宿食）、快膈汤（痞），自然痊愈。若泻或痢色青，甚而
淡黄夹白，寒多热少，此阴邪胜阳，宜用守中汤、胃苓汤（俱本条）与服，扶表救里，方进当归散（潮热）加陈
皮、紫苏、水姜糯米煎服。亦宜和解，理中汤（吐泻），清米饮空心调服，温脾去湿，益气清神。寒盛者，理中汤
内加熟附子水姜枣煎服，次投南星腹皮饮，水姜煎服，和脾胃去阴邪。若泻或泄，色青淡而有沫黄稠，热多寒少，
亦致面黄肌瘦，烦躁不宁，宜以 咀五苓散加薏苡仁、车前子，水姜煎服，解散余邪，仍用茵陈蒿、栀子仁，煎汤
调细末五苓散温服，退黄色，消阳毒，及当归散，水姜枣煎投，或服万安饮（积热）、四神丸。
《养生》治大小老虚之人不拘冷热泄泻。
黄连（去须） 白芍药（并锉如豆） 吴茱萸（各十两）
上三味，釜内慢火炒赤色，放冷，杵罗为细末。每服三钱匕，水一盏半，煎至八九分，去滓，空腹食前
温服，日三四服，小儿量与。或以水浸蒸饼、丸如桐子大。更丸一等如绿豆、黄米大。小儿每服十五丸至二十丸，
温米饮下。若作散，以沸汤或温米饮调下，并可服。病泄痢之人，若不禁生冷鱼肉肥腻，与不服药同。
一方，有木香，无芍药，醋糊丸。
〔茅先生〕香连丸 治泻利。
木香 黄连（茱萸半两，同于铫内炒，令烟起，取出，去茱萸） 肉豆蔻 诃子（炮去核。各半两） 阿胶
（面炒） 朱砂（各一钱）
上为细末。软饭为丸，如桐子大。每服十丸、十四丸，用饭饮吞下。儿小，碎之。
乳香散 治一切泻痢。
乳香（二钱，用荷叶于炭火上炙令半熔，放地上，碗盖，另研） 肉豆蔻 白姜 甘草（炙） 草果子（各一两）
上细锉，用醋面裹，于热灰内煨令赤色，取出去面为末，入乳香末拌匀。每服半钱、一钱，陈米饭饮调下。
[曾氏]论述泄泻的成因，有冷泻、热泻、伤食泻、水泻、积泻、惊泻、风泻、脏寒泻、疳积酿泻等，种类各不相同，分别叙述如下。
冷泻，大便多为白色稀水，排泄次数多但量少，腹痛且肠鸣，眉头紧皱、眼神迟缓，面色苍白，额头出汗。多用冲和饮（治疗慢惊风）、当归散（治疗潮热）配合使用，用水煨姜煎服；并可用守中汤（本条所述证候）、参苓白术散（治疗不能进食乳食）、益中膏（本条所述证候）、沉香槟榔丸（治疗不能进食乳食）来治疗。
热泻，大便呈黄色，像从竹筒中倒出的水一样直下，泻完即止，半天后又发作，心烦口渴，小便黄而量少，吃奶后必然加重。先用五苓散（治疗惊证）或大顺饮（治疗呕吐），随后以钱氏白术散（治疗口渴）为主治之，香薷散（治疗吐泻）也很好。
伤食泻，是因为脾胃素来虚弱，又受到生冷瓜果食物的伤害，所以大便不成形而泄泻；或者因为乳母吃了生冷肥腻的食物，通过乳汁传给孩子，也能导致泄泻。患儿面唇俱白，大便稀薄量少，或者像坏鸡蛋一样，气味腥臭异常，身体发黄消瘦。适宜先温补胃气，再消理积滞，最后固护脾气。可用冲和饮（治疗慢惊风）、当归散（治疗潮热）配合，加水煨姜、枣子煎服。消理积滞方面，年龄较大的幼儿用乌犀丸（治疗呕吐），年幼的用化癖丸（治疗癖积）、三棱散（治疗宿食）、固脾和中散（治疗吐泻）、醒脾散（治疗慢惊风）。
水泻，称为洞泄，是阴阳之气不顺，水谷不分，泻出黄水而小便少，频繁无度。这多见于夏秋之际，白天脱衣取凉，晚上失去覆盖感受寒冷，冷热相互激荡，清浊之气混乱；或者因为母亲从炎热环境中来，乳汁带有热气，立即喂奶，致使小儿脾胃不和，水谷混杂而下。可咀碎五苓散（治疗惊证），加薏苡仁、车前子、半夏，用水、生姜煎服，以调和阴阳；或者先用大顺饮（治疗呕吐），用温白汤送服香薷散（治疗吐泻），以调中止泻；钱氏白术散（治疗口渴）、六和汤（治疗吐泻）也很好。
积泻，因脾气虚弱，乳食进入胃中，不能运化，积滞日久，再受冷食伤害，传入大肠，遂成泄泻，迁延不止，各种药物无效。这是因为积滞在脾胃，积滞未除，怎么能痊愈呢？适宜先去积滞，后止泻，泻止之后，充实脾气，病就好了。可用三棱散（治疗宿食）、乌犀丸（治疗呕吐），续用沉香槟榔丸（治疗不能进食乳食）、参苓白术散（治疗慢惊风）、和中散（治疗吐泻）、香橘饼（本条所述证候）进行调理。
惊泻，粪便青色如苔藓，稠厚若胶粘，不可直接止泻，只需镇心安神、抑制肝风，调和脾胃，消导乳食，这才是治疗方法。先投五苓散（治疗惊证），再用三棱散（治疗宿食），用水、生姜、仓米煎服；或用三解散（治疗潮热）、神曲生姜煎汤调服，以及沉香槟榔丸（治疗不能进食乳食）、不惊丹（治疗惊证）进行调治。
风泻，多在慢惊大病之后出现，粪便稀薄，呈黄褐色，或夹杂未消化的乳食一同排出，这是因脾虚所致；若夹杂黑褐色者属肾，因为脾虚被肾水所乘的缘故。如果长久不进饮食，又有惊搐症状，适宜疏利肾水，祛除脾风，然后补脾，则自然痊愈，以免复发。疏利肾水，可咀碎五苓散（治疗惊证）加黑牵牛，半生半炒，并加薏苡仁、水、生姜煎服。祛除脾风，用泻黄散（治疗脾热）。调补脾气，用参苓白术散（治疗不能进食乳食）。
脏寒泻，粪便颜色像青竹色，不稀也不稠，有时排下青水，未泻时腹痛肠鸣，叫哭之后才泻，多是出生三四个月内的婴儿有此症状，周岁后就没有了。起初是因为断脐带过短，风寒冷邪从外部逼迫体内而成。此疾先用冲和饮（治疗慢惊风），用水葱白煎服，以温中解表；随后用当归散（治疗潮热），用水煨姜煎服，以及投匀气散（治疗疝气）、理中汤（治疗吐泻）。
疳积酿泻，其表现为面色萎黄，腹部胀大，腿脚无力，头大项小，头发稀疏且竖立，肌肉消瘦，不思饮食，白天凉晚上热，或者腹内有症癖气块，泻下颜色不等，气味异常，泻下有定时，或一月、半月、旬日发作一次，自泻自止，名为疳积酿泻。先用当归散（治疗潮热）加三棱、陈皮，用水、生姜煎服；随后投乌犀丸（治疗呕吐）、沉香槟榔丸（治疗不能进食乳食）及化癖丸（治疗癖积）、芦荟丸（治疗疳积）、没石子丸（本条所述证候）。幼儿最小者难以吞咽丸子，只投三棱散（治疗宿食）、快膈汤（治疗痞满），自然痊愈。
如果泻痢颜色青，甚至淡黄夹白，寒多热少，这是阴邪胜阳，宜用守中汤、胃苓汤（均为本条所述证候）服用，扶表救里，方可进服当归散（治疗潮热）加陈皮、紫苏、水、生姜、糯米煎服。也适宜和解，用理中汤（治疗吐泻），用清米饮空腹调服，以温脾去湿，益气清神。寒气盛者，在理中汤内加熟附子，用水、生姜、枣子煎服；随后投南星腹皮饮，用水、生姜煎服，以和脾胃去阴邪。如果泻泄，颜色青淡而有泡沫，黄色稠厚，热多寒少，也会导致面黄肌瘦，烦躁不宁，适宜用咀碎五苓散加薏苡仁、车前子，用水、生姜煎服，以解散余邪；仍用茵陈蒿、栀子仁煎汤，调细末五苓散温服，以退黄色，消阳毒，以及服当归散，用水、生姜、枣子煎服，或服万安饮（治疗积热）、四神丸。
《养生》方治疗大小老人及体虚之人，不拘冷热泄泻。
黄连（去须） 白芍药（并锉如豆粒大小） 吴茱萸（各十两）
以上三味药，在釜内用慢火炒至红色，放冷，捣碎过筛为细末。每次服三钱匕，水一盏半，煎至八九分，去渣，空腹食前温服，每日三四次，小儿酌情减量。或者用水浸泡蒸饼，制成梧桐子大小的丸剂。更小的如绿豆、黄米大小。小儿每次服十五丸至二十丸，温米饮送下。若作散剂，用沸汤或温米饮调下，均可服用。患泄痢的人，如果不能忌口生冷鱼肉肥腻之物，与不服药相同。
另一方，有木香，无芍药，用醋糊制丸。
[茅先生]香连丸，治疗泻利。
木香 黄连（用吴茱萸半两，同置于铫内炒，令烟起，取出，去掉吴茱萸） 肉豆蔻 诃子（炮制去核。各半两） 阿胶（面炒） 朱砂（各一钱）
以上为细末。用软饭为丸，如梧桐子大。每次服十丸、十四丸，用饭饮吞下。幼儿较小者，将丸剂弄碎。
乳香散，治疗一切泻痢。
乳香（二钱，用荷叶在炭火上炙烤至半熔化，放在地上，用碗盖住，另研） 肉豆蔻 白姜 甘草（炙） 草果子（各一两）
以上细锉，用醋面包裹，在热灰内煨至红色，取出去掉面皮为末，加入乳香末拌匀。每次服半钱、一钱，用陈米饭饮调下。
[Zeng's] Discussion on the etiology of diarrhea includes cold diarrhea, heat diarrhea, food-stagnation diarrhea, watery diarrhea, accumulation diarrhea, fright-induced diarrhea, wind-induced diarrhea, visceral-cold diarrhea, and malnutrition-induced fermentation diarrhea, among others, which vary greatly in nature and are described separately below.
Cold diarrhea: The stool is mostly white and watery; defecation is frequent but scanty; there is abdominal pain with borborygmus; the eyebrows are furrowed, eyes appear sluggish, complexion is pale, and sweat appears on the forehead. Chonghe Yin (for slow convulsion) and Danggui San (for tidal fever) may be combined and decocted with water-warmed ginger for administration. Shouzhong Tang (for this condition), Shenling Baizhu San (for inability to nurse), Yizhong Gao (for this condition), and Chenxiang Binglang Wan (for inability to nurse) may also be used for treatment.
Heat diarrhea: The stool is yellow, flowing straight like water from a bamboo tube; defecation stops immediately after occurrence but recurs half a day later; there is mental restlessness, thirst, and scanty yellow urine; symptoms worsen after nursing. Wuling San (for fright syndrome) or Dashun Yin (for vomiting) should be used first, followed by Qian Shi Baizhu San (for thirst) as the main treatment. Xiangru San (for vomiting and diarrhea) is also effective.
Food-stagnation diarrhea: This occurs due to pre-existing weakness of the spleen and stomach, compounded by injury from raw, cold fruits and foods, resulting in unformed stools and diarrhea. Alternatively, if the nursing mother consumes raw, cold, or greasy foods, these can pass through breast milk and induce diarrhea in the infant. The child presents with pale face and lips, thin and scanty stools resembling broken eggs with an abnormal fishy odor, and a sallow, emaciated body. Treatment should first warm the stomach qi, then resolve stagnation, and finally secure the spleen. Chonghe Yin (for slow convulsion) and Danggui San (for tidal fever) may be combined and decocted with water-warmed ginger and dates. To resolve stagnation, older children may use Wuxi Wan (for vomiting), while younger ones may use Huapi Wan (for fixed masses), Sanleng San (for retained food), Gupi Hezhong San (for vomiting and diarrhea), or Xingpi San (for slow convulsion).
Watery diarrhea, known as Dongxie (cavernous diarrhea), results from disharmony of yin and yang and failure to differentiate fluids and grains. It presents with yellow watery stools, scanty urination, and frequent, uncontrolled defecation. This often occurs in summer and autumn when children expose themselves to coolness during the day and catch cold at night; the clash of cold and heat confuses clear and turbid qi. Alternatively, if a mother comes from a hot environment and nurses immediately, the heat in her milk disrupts the infant's spleen and stomach, causing fluids and grains to mix and descend. Crushed Wuling San (for fright syndrome) added with Yiyiren (Coix Seed), Cheqianzi (Plantago Seed), and Banxia (Pinellia Rhizome), decocted with water and ginger, helps regulate yin and yang. Alternatively, Dashun Yin (for vomiting) taken first, followed by Xiangru San (for vomiting and diarrhea) administered with warm Bai Tang (white soup), regulates the middle and stops diarrhea. Qian Shi Baizhu San (for thirst) and Liuhe Tang (for vomiting and diarrhea) are also suitable.
Accumulation diarrhea: Due to spleen qi deficiency, ingested milk and food cannot be transformed and transported. Long-standing stagnation, further injured by cold foods, transmits to the large intestine, causing persistent diarrhea unresponsive to various medicines. Since the accumulation resides in the spleen and stomach, healing is impossible until the accumulation is removed. Treatment should first eliminate accumulation, then stop diarrhea. Once diarrhea ceases, strengthening the spleen will cure the disease. Sanleng San (for retained food) and Wuxi Wan (for vomiting) may be used initially, followed by Chenxiang Binglang Wan (for inability to nurse), Shenling Baizhu San (for slow convulsion), Hezhong San (for vomiting and diarrhea), and Xiangju Bing (for this condition) for regulation.
Fright-induced diarrhea: Stools are green like moss and thick/sticky like glue; direct astringency is contraindicated. The method involves calming the heart, subduing liver wind, harmonizing the spleen and stomach, and digesting milk and food. Wuling San (for fright syndrome) is administered first, followed by Sanleng San (for retained food) decocted with water, ginger, and Cangmi (stored rice). Alternatively, Sanjie San (for tidal fever) or Shenqu with ginger decoction may be used, along with Chenxiang Binglang Wan (for inability to nurse) and Jingbing Dan (for fright syndrome) for regulation.
Wind-induced diarrhea: Occurs after severe slow convulsion. Stools are thin, yellow-brown, possibly mixed with undigested milk/food, caused by spleen deficiency. If mixed with dark brown/black, it relates to the kidney, as spleen deficiency allows kidney water to overact. If long-term anorexia is accompanied by convulsions, one should drain kidney water, dispel spleen wind, and then tonify the spleen to ensure recovery and prevent recurrence. Drain kidney water by using crushed Wuling San (for fright syndrome) added with Heiqianniu (Black Morning Glory Seed, half raw/half fried), Yiyiren (Coix Seed), water, and ginger. Dispel spleen wind with Xiexuang San (for spleen heat). Tonify spleen qi with Shenling Baizhu San (for inability to nurse).
Visceral-cold diarrhea: Stools resemble the color of green bamboo, neither too thin nor too thick, sometimes passing green water. Abdominal pain and borborygmus occur before defecation, with crying preceding the stool. This is common in infants aged three to five months and rare after one year. It originates from a short umbilical cord allowing wind-cold to invade internally. Treatment begins with Chonghe Yin (for slow convulsion) decocted with water scallion whites to warm the center and release the exterior. Subsequently, Danggui San (for tidal fever) warmed with ginger, Yunqi San (for hernia), and Lizhong Tang (for vomiting/diarrhea) may be used.
Malnutrition-induced fermentation diarrhea: Symptoms include sallow complexion, distended abdomen, weak legs, large head with thin neck, sparse/erect hair, muscle wasting, anorexia, coolness by day and fever by night, or abdominal masses. Stools vary in color and smell abnormally, occurring intermittently (monthly, bi-weekly, or every ten days), self-limiting. This is termed Malnutrition-induced Fermentation Diarrhea. Initial treatment uses Danggui San (for tidal fever) added with Sanleng (Sparganium Rhizome) and Chenpi (Tangerine Peel), decocted with water and ginger. Follow with Wuxi Wan (for vomiting), Chenxiang Binglang Wan (for inability to nurse), Huapi Wan (for fixed masses), Lushui Wan (for malnutrition), and Moshizi Wan (for this condition). For very young infants unable to swallow pills, Sanleng San (for retained food) or Kuai Ge Tang (for fullness) may be used naturally for recovery.
If diarrhea/dysentery is green, or pale yellow mixed with white, with more cold than heat, indicating yin evil overcoming yang, use Shouzhong Tang and Weiling Tang (both for this condition) to support the exterior and rescue the interior. Then administer Danggui San (for tidal fever) added with Chenpi (Tangerine Peel), Zisu (Perilla Leaf), water, ginger, and glutinous rice, decocted. Harmonization is also appropriate; Lizhong Tang (for vomiting/diarrhea) taken with clear rice water on an empty stomach warms the spleen, removes dampness, benefits qi, and clears spirit. For severe cold, add Shu Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root) to Lizhong Tang, decocted with water, ginger, and dates. Follow with Nanxing Fupi Yin (Arisaema and Tangerine Peel Decoction) decocted with water and ginger to harmonize spleen/stomach and remove yin evil. If diarrhea is pale green with froth and thick yellow, with more heat than cold, leading to sallow complexion, emaciation, and restlessness, use crushed Wuling San added with Yiyiren (Coix Seed) and Cheqianzi (Plantago Seed), decocted with water and ginger to disperse residual pathogens. Still, use Yinchenhao (Artemisiae Scopariae Herba) and Zhiziren (Gardeniae Semen) decoction to mix with fine powder of Wuling San for warm administration to reduce yellowness and clear yang toxicity. Danggui San (decocted with water, ginger, dates) or Wan'an Yin (for accumulated heat) and Sishen Wan may also be taken.
*Yangsheng* formula treats diarrhea in elderly or deficient persons regardless of cold or heat nature.
Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma, remove stamens) Baishaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba, cut like bean size) Wuzhuyu (Evodiae Fructus) (each 10 liang).
These three ingredients are slowly stir-fried in a pot until red, cooled, pounded, and sieved into fine powder. Take 3 qianbi per dose, decoct with 1.5 sheng of water until 8-9 parts remain, strain, and take warm before meals. Frequency: 3-4 times daily; adjust dosage for children. Alternatively, soak in water, steam into dough, and form pills like paulownia seeds. Smaller pills like mung beans or millet are also possible. Children take 15-20 pills with warm rice water. If used as powder, mix with boiling water or warm rice water. Patients with diarrhea/dysentery must avoid raw, cold, fish, meat, and greasy foods; otherwise, treatment is ineffective.
Another formula contains Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix) but no Baishaoyao, made into pills with vinegar paste.
[Mr. Mao] Xianglian Wan treats diarrhea and dysentery.
Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix) Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma, stir-fry with 0.5 liang Wuzhuyu until smoke rises, remove Wuzhuyu) Roudoukou (Myristicae Semen) Hezi (Chebulae Fructus, processed, pitted) (each 0.5 liang) Ejiao (Colla Corii Asini, stir-fried with flour) Zhusha (Cinnabaris) (each 1 qian).
Grind into fine powder. Form pills with soft rice, size of paulownia seeds. Take 10-14 pills swallowed with rice water. Crush for small children.
Ruxiang San treats all types of diarrhea and dysentery.
Ruxiang (Boswelliae Resina, 2 qian, roast on lotus leaf over charcoal until half-melted, place on ground, cover with bowl, grind separately) Roudoukou (Myristicae Semen) Baijiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) Gancao (Liquiritiae Radix, honey-fried) Cao Guo (Tsaoko Fructus) (each 1 liang).
Finely chop, wrap in vinegar-dough, bake in hot ashes until red, remove dough, grind to powder, mix with Ruxiang powder. Take 0.5-1 qian, mixed with old rice wine/water.