\r椿木叶\pd358.bmp\r
味苦,有毒。主洗疮疥,风疽。水煮药汁用之。皮主疳 。
樗木根、叶,尤良。
唐本注云∶二树形相似,樗木疏、椿木实为别也。今按陈藏器本草云∶樗木、味苦,有
小毒。皮主赤白久痢,口鼻
中疳虫,去疥 ,主鬼疰传尸,蛊毒下血。根皮去鬼气,取一握细切,以童儿小便二升,豉
一合,宿浸,绞取汁,煎一
沸。三、五日一度服。叶似椿,北人呼为山椿,江东人呼为虎目。叶脱处有痕,如白樗,散
木也。(唐本先附)臣禹锡等
谨按药性论云∶樗白皮,使,味苦,微热,无毒。能治赤白痢,肠滑,痔疾,泻血不住。萧
炳云∶樗皮,主疳痢,得地
榆同疗之,根皮尤良,俗呼为虎眼树。《本经》椿木,殊不相似。孟诜云∶椿,温。动风熏
十二经脉,五脏六腑,多食令
人神昏,血气微。又,女子血崩及产后血不止,月信来多。可取东引细根一大握,洗之,以
水一大升煮,分再服,便断。
亦止赤带下。又椿,俗名猪椿,疗小儿疳痢,可多煮汁后灌之。又取白皮一握,仓粳米五十
粒,葱白一握,甘草三寸,
炙豉两合,以水一升,煮取半升,顿服之,小儿以意服之。枝、叶与皮,功用皆同。日华子
云∶樗皮,温,无毒。止泻
及肠风,能缩小便。入药蜜炙用。
图经曰∶椿木、樗木,旧并不载所出州土,今南北皆有之。二木形干大抵相类,但椿木
实而叶香可啖,樗木疏而气
臭,膳夫亦能熬去其气。北人呼樗为山椿,江东人呼为鬼目,叶脱处有痕,如樗 子又如眼
目,故得此名。其木最为无
用,《庄子》所谓吾有大木,人谓之樗,其本拥肿,不中绳墨,小枝曲拳,不中规矩。立于
途,匠者罔顾是也。并采无时。
《尔雅》云∶栲,山樗。郭璞注云∶栲似樗,色小白,生山中,因名,亦类漆也。俗语云∶
、樗、栲、漆,相似如一。
《诗·唐风》云∶山有栲。陆机疏云∶山樗与田樗无异,叶似差狭耳。吴人以其叶为茗。许
慎以栲读为糗。今人言栲,
失其声耳。然则樗类之别种也。樗根煮汁,主下血及小儿疳痢。亦取白皮和仓粳米,葱白、
甘草、豉同煎饮食服,血痢
便断。唐·刘禹锡着樗根馄饨法云∶每至立秋前后即患痢,或者水谷痢兼腰疼等。取樗根一
大两捣筛,以好面捻作馄饨
子,如皂荚子大,清水煮。每日空腹服十枚。并无禁忌,神良。
食疗∶云∶主疳痢,杀蛔虫。又名臭椿。若和猪肉、热面频食,则中满,盖壅经脉也。
雷公云∶椿木根,凡使根,
不近西头者上。及不用茎、叶,只用根,采出拌生葱蒸半日,出生葱,细锉,用袋盛挂屋南
畔,阴干用。偏利溺涩也。
肘后方∶治小儿头生白秃,发不生出。椿、楸、桃叶心取汁,敷之,大效。子母秘录经验方∶
治脏毒亦白痢。香椿净洗
刷,剥取皮,晒干,为末。饮下一钱,立效。治小儿疳。椿白皮晒干,二两为末,淘粟米去
泔,研浓汁糊和丸,如梧子
大。十岁三、四丸,量数加减。一丸纳竹筒中,吹入鼻中,三度瘥。服丸以饮下。杨氏产乳∶
疗疳痢困重,樗白皮捣面
拌作小颗子。日晒少时,又拌,凡三过,水煮至熟,加盐、醋、酒亦得,频服,多少量儿大
小。又方∶近效疗久痢及疳
痢。拣樗根白皮,不限多少,常取土际不用见狗及风,细切,捣如泥,取面捻作馄饨子,如
小枣大,勿令破,熟煮吞七
枚。重者不过七服。皆空肚。忌油腻、热面、毒物。又方∶疳痢晓夜无度者。取樗根浓汁一
鸡子壳许,和粟米泔一鸡子
许,灌下部,再度即瘥。其验如神。小孩减用之,甚妙。
衍义曰∶椿木叶,椿、樗皆臭。但一种有花结子,一种无花不实。世以无花不实,木身
大,其干端直者为椿。椿用
木叶。其有花而荚,木身小,干多迂矮者为樗。樗用根、叶、荚。故曰未见椿上有荚者,唯
樗木上有。又有樗鸡,故知
古人命名曰不言椿鸡,而言樗鸡者,以显有鸡者为樗,无鸡者为椿,其义甚明。用椿木叶,
樗木根、叶,荚者,宜根据此
推究。洛阳一女子,年四十六、七,耽饮无度,多食鱼蟹,摄理之方∶蔑如也。后以食啖过
常,蓄毒在脏,日夜二、
三十泻,大便与脓血杂下,大肠连肛门痛不堪任。医以止血痢药不效,又以肠风药则益甚。
盖肠风则有血而无脓。凡如
此已半年余,气血渐弱,食渐减,肌肉渐瘦。稍服热药,则腹愈痛,血愈下。服稍凉药,即
泄注气赢,粥食愈减。服温
平药,则病不知。如此将期岁,医告术穷,垂命待尽。或有人教服人参散,病家亦不敢主当,
谩与服之,才一服,知。
二服,减。三服,脓血皆定。自此不拾服,其疾遂愈。后问其方,云∶治大肠风虚,饮酒过
度,挟热下痢脓血,疼痛,
多日不瘥。樗根白皮一两,人参一两,为末。每用二钱匕,空心以温酒调服。如不饮酒,以
温米饮代。忌油腻、湿面、
青菜、果子、甜物、鸡、猪、鱼、蒜等。
椿木叶
味苦,有毒。主治清洗疮疥、风疽。用水煮取药汁外用。樗木皮主治疳积痢疾。
樗木的根和叶,药效更好。
《唐本草》注解说:这两种树形状相似,区别在于樗木木质疏松、椿木木质坚实。现在考证陈藏器的《本草》记载说:樗木,味苦,有小毒。树皮主治赤白久痢、口鼻中的疳虫,去除疥癣,主治鬼疰传尸(一种具有传染性的慢性消耗性疾病)、蛊毒引起的下血。根皮可祛除鬼气,取一把细切,用两升小儿尿液和一合豆豉,隔夜浸泡,绞取汁液,煮沸一次。每隔三至五天服用一次。叶子像椿树叶,北方人叫它山椿,江东人叫它虎目。叶子脱落后有痕迹,像白樗散木。(此条原附于《唐本草》)臣禹锡等人谨慎按《药性论》记载:樗白皮,作为使药,味苦,微热,无毒。能治疗赤白痢、肠滑、痔疾、泻血不止。萧炳说:樗皮主治疳痢,配合地榆同治效果更佳,根皮效果更好,俗称为虎眼树。《神农本草经》中的椿木,与樗木大不相同。孟诜说:椿木性温。动风熏灼十二经脉及五脏六腑,多吃使人神志昏沉,气血微弱。另外,女子血崩及产后出血不止、月经量多者,可取向东生长的细根一大把,洗净,用一升水煮,分两次服用,即可止血。也能止赤白带下。另外,椿木俗名猪椿,治疗小儿疳痢,可多煮汁后灌服。又取白皮一把,仓粳米五十粒,葱白一把,甘草三寸,炙豆豉两合,用水一升,煮取半升,一次性服用,小儿酌情减量。枝、叶与皮的功用相同。日华子说:樗皮性温,无毒。能止泻及肠风,能缩小便。入药需用蜜炙。
《图经本草》说:椿木、樗木,旧籍都不记载其出产州土,现在南北各地都有。两种树木的树干大体相似,但椿木木质坚实且叶子香气可食用,樗木木质疏松且气味臭秽,厨师也能通过熬煮去除其臭味。北方人呼樗为山椿,江东人呼为鬼目,叶子脱落处有痕迹,像樗子又如眼睛,所以得名。这种木材最无用,《庄子》所说的“我有一棵大树,人们叫它樗,它的树根臃肿不中绳墨,小枝弯曲不中规矩,立在路边,工匠看都不看一眼”指的就是它。采集没有固定时间。
《尔雅》说:栲,就是山樗。郭璞注解道:栲似樗,颜色较小白,生长在山中,因此得名,也类似漆树。俗语说:樗、栲、漆,相似如一。《诗经·唐风》说:山有栲。陆机疏解说:山樗与田樗没有区别,只是叶子稍窄一些。吴地人用它的叶子做茶。许慎认为栲读作糗。现在人言栲,失去了其原本读音。然而这是樗类的别种。樗根煮汁,主治下血及小儿疳痢。也可取白皮配合仓粳米、葱白、甘草、豆豉同煎饮食服用,血痢即可停止。唐代刘禹锡著《樗根馄饨法》说:每到立秋前后就患痢疾,或者是水谷痢兼腰疼等症。取樗根一大两捣碎筛粉,用好面捏成馄饨状,如皂荚子大小,清水煮熟。每日空腹服用十个。没有任何禁忌,疗效神奇。
食疗方面说:主治疳痢,杀蛔虫。又名臭椿。如果和猪肉、热面频繁食用,会导致中满,因为会壅塞经脉。
雷公说:椿木根,凡使用根部,以不靠近西头的为上品。并且不用茎、叶,只用根,采出后拌生葱蒸半天,取出葱,细锉,用袋子盛好挂在房屋南边,阴干备用。偏于通利小便涩滞。
《肘后备急方》:治疗小儿头部生白秃,头发长不出来。取椿、楸、桃叶心的汁液,外敷,效果显著。《子母秘录》经验方:治疗脏毒亦即白痢。香椿净洗刷干净,剥取皮,晒干,研为末。饮服一钱,立即见效。治疗小儿疳积。椿白皮晒干,二两研为末,淘粟米去泔水,研浓汁糊和丸,如梧桐子大。十岁儿童服三、四丸,根据数量加减。将一丸纳入竹筒中,吹入鼻中,三次痊愈。服药时用饮水送下。杨氏产乳书:治疗疳痢困重,将樗白皮捣碎拌面做成小颗粒。日晒片刻,再拌,共三次,水煮至熟,加盐、醋、酒也可以,频服,多少根据孩子大小而定。又一方:近效疗法治疗久痢及疳痢。拣选樗根白皮,不限多少,常取贴近地面的部分,避免接触狗及风吹,细切,捣如泥,取面捏成馄饨状,如小枣大,不要弄破,煮熟吞服七枚。重症不超过七次服用。都要空腹。忌油腻、热面、毒物。又一方:治疗疳痢昼夜无度者。取樗根浓汁约一个鸡蛋壳量,和粟米泔水约一个鸡蛋量,从下部灌入,两次即愈。其验如神。小孩减量使用,非常奇妙。
《衍义》说:椿木叶,椿、樗都有臭味。但一种有花结子,一种无花不实。世人认为无花不实、树干高大、主干端正的是椿。椿使用木叶。那种有花而结荚、树干较小、主干多弯曲矮小的是樗。樗使用根、叶、荚。所以说没见过椿上有荚的,只有樗木上有。又有樗鸡,所以知道古人命名不说椿鸡,而说樗鸡,是为了显示有鸡者为樗,无鸡者为椿,意义很明确。使用椿木叶、樗木根、叶、荚者,应当据此推究。洛阳一名女子,年龄四十六七岁,贪饮无度,多吃鱼蟹,调理方法毫无章法。后来因饮食过量,蓄毒在脏腑,日夜腹泻二三十次,大便与脓血混杂而下,大肠连肛门疼痛不堪忍受。医生用止血痢药无效,用治肠风药则病情加重。因为肠风则有血而无脓。像这样持续半年多,气血逐渐虚弱,食欲渐减,肌肉渐瘦。稍服热药,则腹痛更甚,出血更多。服稍凉药,则泄泻气弱,粥食更少。服温平药,则病不见好转。如此将近一年,医生告穷术尽,垂命待尽。有人教服人参散,病家也不敢做主,随意给病人服用,才服一次,感觉好转。服两次,症状减轻。服三次,脓血皆定。从此不再拾捡其他药物服用,疾病遂愈。后来问其方子,说是:治疗大肠风虚,饮酒过度,挟热下痢脓血,疼痛,多日不愈。樗根白皮一两,人参一两,研为末。每次用二钱匕,空腹用温酒调服。如果不喝酒,用温米汤代替。忌油腻、湿面、青菜、果子、甜物、鸡、猪、鱼、蒜等。
Cortex Ailanthi (Chunmu Ye)
Bitter in taste, toxic. Primarily used for washing sores and scabies (Chuangjie), wind abscesses (Fengju). Boil with water to extract the medicinal juice for external use. The bark of Chumù (Ailanthus altissima) is effective for treating childhood malnutrition dysentery (Ganli).
The roots and leaves of Chumù are particularly effective.
The commentary of Tang Bencao states: The two trees have similar shapes; the distinction lies in that Chumù wood is loose, while Chunmù wood is solid. According to Chen Cangqi's Bencao: Chumù is bitter in taste and slightly toxic. Its bark treats chronic red and white dysentery, noma worms (Ganchong) in the mouth and nose, removes scabies, and treats Guizhu Chuanshen (a contagious wasting disease) and hematochezia caused by Gu poison. The root bark dispels evil qi. Take a handful, finely cut, soak overnight in two sheng of urine from a young child and one he of fermented soybeans, squeeze out the juice, and boil once. Take every three to five days. The leaves resemble those of Chunmù; northerners call it Shanchun, and people in Jiangdong call it Humu. Where leaves fall, there are scars, resembling Bai Chu Sanmu. (Originally attached to Tang Bencao). Ministers Yuxi et al., according to Yaoxing Lun: Chubai pi (White bark of Chumù), as an assistant drug, is bitter, slightly hot, and non-toxic. It can treat red and white dysentery, intestinal slipping, hemorrhoids, and persistent bloody diarrhea. Xiao Bing says: Chupi treats Ganli; when combined with Diyu (Sanguisorbae Radix), the effect is better, especially with the root bark, commonly known as Huyanshu. The Chunmu in the Shen Nong Ben Jing is quite different from Chumu. Meng Shen says: Chunmu is warm. It stirs wind and affects the twelve meridians and zang-fu organs; excessive consumption causes mental confusion and weakens qi and blood. For women with metrorrhagia, postpartum bleeding, or menorrhagia, take a large handful of fine roots growing eastward, wash them, boil in one sheng of water, and divide into two doses to stop bleeding. It also stops red leukorrhea. Chunmu, commonly called Zhuchun, treats childhood Ganli; boil plenty of juice and administer. Also, take a handful of white bark, fifty grains of Cangjingmi (stored rice), a handful of Congbai (Scallion bulb), three cun of Gancao (Licorice root), and two he of Zhi Chi (Prepared soybean), boil in one sheng of water until half remains, and take at once. Children should adjust the dose accordingly. Branches, leaves, and bark have the same efficacy. Ri Huazi says: Chupi is warm, non-toxic. It stops diarrhea and Changfeng (wind affecting the intestines) and reduces urination. For medicinal use, stir-fry with honey.
Tu Jing says: Chunmu and Chumu were not recorded in old texts regarding their origin; now they are found everywhere in the north and south. The trunks of both trees are generally similar, but Chunmu is solid and its leaves are fragrant and edible, whereas Chumu is loose and has an offensive odor, which cooks can remove by roasting. Northerners call Chumu Shanchun, and Jiangdong people call it Gui mu. Scars remain where leaves fall, resembling Chuzi or eyes, hence the name. This wood is considered useless; as Zhuangzi said, "I have a great tree, people call it Chumù; its trunk is knotty and does not fit the cord, its branches twisted and do not fit the compass. Standing by the road, craftsmen do not look at it." Collection time is unspecified.
Erya says: Kao is Shanchu. Guo Pu notes: Kao resembles Chumù, is lighter in color, grows in mountains, and is named accordingly; it is also similar to Lacquer tree. The common saying goes: Chumù, Kao, Lacquer are similar. Shi Jing · Tang Feng says: Shan you kao. Lu Ji explains: Shanchu is no different from Tianchu, only the leaves are slightly narrower. People in Wu use its leaves as tea. Xu Shen reads Kao as Qiu. Now people say Kao, losing its original pronunciation. However, this is a variant species of Chumù. Decoction of Chumù root treats hematochezia and childhood Ganli. One can also take white bark mixed with Cangjingmi, Congbai, Gancao, and Chi, decoct together and consume; bloody dysentery will cease. Liu Yuxi of Tang Dynasty wrote "Chugen Hundun Fa": Around Start of Autumn, if suffering from dysentery, or water-grain dysentery with lower back pain, take one da liang of Chumù root, pound and sieve, mix with good flour to make wontons the size of soap pods, boil in clear water. Take ten pieces on an empty stomach daily. No taboos, very effective.
Shiliao says: Treats Ganli, kills roundworms. Also called Chouchun. If eaten frequently with pork and hot noodles, it causes fullness in the middle jiao because it obstructs the meridians.
Leigong says: Chunmu gen. When using roots, those not near the west end are superior. Do not use stems or leaves, only roots. After harvesting, mix with raw Cong, steam for half a day, remove Cong, finely chop, place in a bag, hang on the south side of the house, and dry in shade. It promotes urination in cases of strangury.
Zhou Hou Fang: Treats pediatric alopecia capitis (white bald patches on head) where hair does not grow. Extract juice from Chun, Qiu, and Tao leaf hearts, apply externally, highly effective. Zi Mu Mi Lu empirical formula: Treats Zangdu (visceral toxin) presenting as white dysentery. Wash Xiangchun thoroughly, peel the bark, dry and powder. Take one qian with water, immediate effect. Treat pediatric Ganji. Dry Chubai pi, two liang, powder. Rinse Suli mi to remove starch water, grind to thick paste, mix with powder to make pills the size of Wuzi. For ten-year-olds, take three to four pills, adjust dosage. Insert one pill into a bamboo tube and blow into the nostrils; cure after three times. Swallow pills with water. Yang Shi Chan Ru: Treats severe Ganli. Pound Chubai pi, mix with flour to make small pellets. Sun-dry briefly, mix again, repeat three times. Boil until cooked; add salt, vinegar, wine if desired. Take frequently, dosage based on child's age. Another formula: Near-effect treatment for chronic dysentery and Ganli. Select Chugen baipi, any amount, usually take from soil level, avoid contact with dogs and wind. Finely cut, pound to mud, mix with flour to make wontons the size of small dates, do not break, boil and swallow seven pieces. Severe cases need no more than seven doses. All taken on empty stomach. Avoid greasy food, hot noodles, toxic substances. Another formula: For Ganli without day or night rest. Take a chicken-egg-shell amount of concentrated Chugen juice, mix with a chicken-egg amount of Suli mi rinse water, enema. Cure after two times. Effect is miraculous. Reduce dose for children, very wonderful.
Yanyi says: Chunmu ye. Both Chun and Chu have odors. One has flowers and fruits, the other has neither. People consider the one without flowers/fruits, with large trunk and straight stem, as Chun. Use Chun leaves. The one with flowers/pods, smaller trunk, and crooked/stunted stem is Chu. Use Chu roots, leaves, and pods. Thus, it is said that Chun never has pods, only Chu does. There is also Chujì (insect associated with Chu), so ancient names did not say Chunji but Chuji, clearly distinguishing those with insects (Chu) from those without (Chun). When using Chunmu ye, Chumu gen/ye, or pods, deduce according to this. A woman in Luoyang, aged 46-47, drank excessively, ate much fish and crab, had no proper regimen. Later, due to overeating, toxins accumulated in viscera, causing 20-30 bowel movements daily, stool mixed with pus and blood, severe pain from large intestine to anus. Hemostatic drugs for dysentery failed; Changfeng drugs worsened it, as Changfeng involves blood but no pus. This lasted over half a year, qi and blood weakened, appetite decreased, muscles wasted. Slightly hot drugs increased abdominal pain and bleeding; slightly cool drugs increased diarrhea and weakness; neutral drugs had no effect. Nearly a year passed, doctors exhausted, awaiting death. Someone recommended Renshen San. Family hesitated but administered casually. After one dose, felt relief. After two, symptoms reduced. After three, pus and blood stopped. Did not take other medicines, cured. Asked for the formula: Treats Dachang Fengxu (Large Intestine Wind Deficiency), excessive drinking, heat-induced dysentery with pus/blood and pain, chronic. Chugen baipi one liang, Renshen one liang, powder. Take two qian bi, mix with warm wine on empty stomach. If no alcohol, use warm rice drink. Avoid greasy food, wet noodles, green vegetables, fruits, sweets, chicken, pork, fish, garlic, etc.