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味甘，微寒、微温，无毒。主风痹不仁筋急，五脏腹中积聚，寒热羸瘦，头疡白秃，
面 ，食饮吐呕。久服强志，不饥，轻身，长年。生雍州山谷。十一月取。
陶隐居云∶此脂即是熊白，是背上膏，寒月则有，夏月则无。其腹中肪及身中膏，煎取
可作
药，而不中啖。今东西诸山县皆有之，自是非易得物尔。痼疾不可食熊肉，令终身不除愈。
唐本注云∶熊胆，味苦，寒，无毒。疗时气热盛变为黄胆，暑月久痢，疳 ，心痛，疰忤。
脑，疗诸聋。血，疗小儿客忤。脂，长发令黑，悦泽人面；酒炼服之，瘥风痹。凡言肓者，
皆脂消以后之名，背上不得言膏。《左传义》云∶膏肓者，乃是鬲肓，文误有此名。陶言背
膏，同于旧说也。臣禹锡等谨按药性论云∶熊胆，臣，恶防己、地黄。主小儿五疳，杀虫
，治恶疥。又云熊脂，君。能治面上 及治疮。日华子云∶熊白，凉，无毒。治风，补虚
损
，杀劳虫。脂，强心。脑髓，去白秃风屑，疗头旋并发落。掌，食可御风寒，此是八珍之数
。胆，治疳疮，耳鼻疮及诸疳疾。
图经曰∶熊脂并胆，出雍州山谷，今雍、洛、河东及怀、卫山中皆有之。熊形类犬豕，
而性
轻捷，好攀缘，上高木，见人则颠倒自投地而下。冬多入穴而藏蛰，始春而出。脂谓之熊白，
十一月取之，须其背上者。寒月则有，夏月则无。其腹中肪及它处脂，煎炼亦可作药而不中
啖。胆，阴干用。然亦多伪，欲试之，取粟颗许，滴水中，一道若线不散者为真。其足蹯，
为食珍之贵，古人最重之，然 之难熟，多食之令人耐寒。脑髓作油摩头，可去白屑。有痼
疾者不可食熊，令人终身不愈。熊恶盐，食之则死。
雷公云∶凡收得后，炼过，就器中安生椒，每一斤熊脂入生椒十四个，炼了，去脂革并
椒，入瓶中收，任用。食疗
熊
脂，微寒，甘滑。冬中凝白时取之，作生，无以偕也。脂入拔白发膏
中用，极良。脂与猪脂相和燃灯，烟入人目中，令失光明。缘熊脂烟损人眼光。肉，平，味
甘，无毒。主风痹筋骨不仁。若腹中有积聚寒热者，食熊肉永不除瘥。其骨煮汤浴之，主历
节风，亦主小儿客忤。胆，寒。主时气盛热，疳 ，小儿惊痫。十月勿食，伤神。小儿惊痫
螈，熊胆两大豆许，和乳汁及竹沥服并得，去心中涎，良。圣惠方∶治小儿疳疮，虫蚀鼻
。用熊胆半分，汤化调涂于鼻中。熊掌得酒、醋、水三件煮，熟即嗔大如皮球，食之耐风寒。
外台秘要疗蛔心痛。熊胆如大豆，和水服，大效。又方∶五十年痔不瘥。涂熊胆取瘥乃止，
神效，一切方∶不及。千金翼疗发黄。熊脂涂发，梳之散头，入床底，伏地一食顷，即出，
便
尽黑，不过一升脂验。食医心镜疗香港脚，风痹不仁，五缓，筋急。熊肉半斤，于豉汁中和姜、
椒、葱白、盐、酱作腌腊。空腹食之。又方∶主中风，心肺风热，手足不随及风痹不任，筋
脉五缓，恍惚烦躁。熊肉一斤，切，如常法调和作腌腊。空腹食之。斗门方∶治水弩射人。
用
熊胆涂之。更以雄黄同用酒磨服之，即愈。杨氏产乳疗白秃疮及发中生癣，取熊白敷之。抱
朴
子熊寿五百岁，能化为狐狸。
味甘，性微寒或微温，无毒。主治风痹（风湿痹阻经络所致的肢体麻木疼痛）导致的肌肤不仁、筋脉拘急，五脏及腹中的积聚病，寒热往来且身体消瘦羸弱，头部的疮疡及白秃（头皮脱屑脱发），面部黑斑，以及饮食后呕吐。长期服用可增强意志，减少饥饿感，使身体轻盈，延年益寿。产于雍州的山谷中，十一月采集。
陶隐居说：这种脂就是熊白，是背部的膏油，寒冷月份才有，夏季则没有。其腹中的脂肪和身上的膏油，煎炼后可入药，但不能食用。如今东西各山县都有出产，只是现在不是容易得到的物品罢了。患有顽固疾病的人不可吃熊肉，否则会导致终身无法痊愈。
《唐本草》注解说：熊胆，味苦，性寒，无毒。治疗时行气分热盛转变为黄疸，暑月久痢，疳疾（小儿慢性消耗性疾病），心痛，以及疰忤（一种因接触邪气引起的精神恍惚或惊厥病症）。脑髓，治疗各种耳聋。血，治疗小儿客忤（小儿受惊吓或异气冲击所致病症）。脂，能使头发变黑并生长，润泽面容；用酒炼制后服用，可治愈风痹。凡是称为“肓”的，都是指脂消之后的部位名称，背部不得称为膏。《左传义》说：膏肓，实际上是指膈上的肓，文献中有此误名。陶隐居所说的背膏，与旧说相同。臣禹锡等人谨按《药性论》说：熊胆，为君药，畏防己、地黄。主治小儿五疳，杀虫，治疗恶疥。又说熊脂，为君药。能治疗面部的黑斑及治疗疮疡。日华子说：熊白，性凉，无毒。治风，补虚损，杀灭劳虫。脂，强心。脑髓，去除白秃风屑，治疗头晕及防止头发脱落。掌，食用可抵御风寒，这是八珍之一。胆，治疗疳疮、耳鼻疮及各种疳疾。
《图经》说：熊脂和熊胆，出自雍州山谷，如今雍州、洛州、河东及怀州、卫州山中都有出产。熊的外形像狗和猪，但性情轻捷，喜欢攀缘，登上高树，见到人便倒挂投地而下。冬天多进入洞穴冬眠，初春才出来。脂称为熊白，十一月采集，必须取背部的。寒冷月份有，夏季没有。其腹中的脂肪及其他处的脂，煎炼也可入药但不能食用。胆，阴干后使用。但也多有伪品，想要检验真伪，取如粟米颗粒大小的量，滴入水中，若形成一条线状不散开的是真品。其足蹯（脚掌），作为美食中的珍品，古人最看重它，然而煮之难熟，多吃能让人耐寒。脑髓制成油涂抹头部，可去除白屑。有顽固疾病者不可吃熊，会使人终身不愈。熊厌恶盐，吃了就会死。
雷公说：凡是采收后，经过炼制，就在容器中放入生花椒，每一斤熊脂放入十四个生花椒，炼制完成后，去掉脂革和花椒，装入瓶中收藏，随用随取。
《食疗本草》说：熊脂，性微寒，味甘滑。冬季凝结发白时采集，作为生品，没有其他可以替代的。脂加入拔白发膏中使用，效果极好。脂与猪脂混合点燃灯，烟熏入人眼中，会导致失明。因为熊脂的烟会损伤人的眼光。熊肉，性平，味甘，无毒。主治风痹筋骨不仁。如果腹中有积聚寒热者，吃熊肉永远无法痊愈。其骨煮汤洗浴，主治历节风（关节疼痛游走不定），也主治小儿客忤。胆，性寒。主治时气盛热，疳疾，小儿惊痫。十月勿食，伤神。小儿惊痫抽搐，取熊胆两大豆大小，配合乳汁及竹沥服用均有效，可去除心中涎沫，效果良好。《圣惠方》：治疗小儿疳疮，虫蚀鼻孔。用熊胆半分，用水化开调匀涂于鼻中。熊掌得酒、醋、水三样煮，煮熟后胀大如皮球，食用可耐风寒。《外台秘要》治疗蛔虫心痛。熊胆如大豆大小，和水服用，效果显著。又一方：治疗五十年痔疮不愈。涂抹熊胆直到痊愈为止，神效，一切其他方剂都不及。《千金翼方》治疗发黄。熊脂涂抹头发，梳理后散在头上，趴在床底，伏地一顿饭功夫的时间，然后出来，头发便全部变黑，不超过一升脂即可见效。《食医心镜》治疗香港脚（脚气病），风痹不仁，五缓（五种缓纵无力的症状），筋急。熊肉半斤，在豆豉汁中加入姜、椒、葱白、盐、酱制作成腌腊食品。空腹食用。又一方：主治中风，心肺风热，手足不能随意运动及风痹不胜任，筋脉五缓，恍惚烦躁。熊肉一斤，切块，按常规方法调和制作成腌腊食品。空腹食用。《斗门方》：治疗水弩射人（一种毒气或邪气伤人）。用熊胆涂抹患处。再用雄黄同用，磨酒服用，即愈。《杨氏产乳》治疗白秃疮及发中生癣，取熊白敷贴患处。《抱朴子》说熊寿命五百岁，能化为狐狸。
Bear Fat (Xiong Zhi)
The flavor is sweet, the nature is slightly cold or slightly warm, and it is non-toxic. It primarily treats wind-bi (Wind-Bi syndrome: a condition characterized by numbness and pain in the limbs due to obstruction of meridians by wind-dampness) leading to insensitivity of the skin and muscles, and tendon stiffness; accumulations in the five zang organs and abdomen; alternating chills and fever with emaciation; scalp sores and alopecia capitis (white baldness); facial melasma; and vomiting after eating and drinking. Long-term consumption strengthens the will, reduces hunger, lightens the body, and prolongs life. It grows in the valleys of Yongzhou and is harvested in the eleventh month.
Tao Hongjing states: This fat is indeed "Xiong Bai" (White Bear Fat), which is the grease from the back. It exists in cold months but not in summer. The fat in the abdomen and the grease on the body can be refined for medicinal use but are not suitable for consumption. Currently, it is found in counties east and west, though it is no longer an easily obtained item. Those with chronic diseases should not eat bear meat, as it may cause the disease to remain incurable for life.
The *Tang Bencao* annotation notes: Bear Gallbladder (Xiong Dan), bitter in flavor, cold in nature, non-toxic. It treats heat excess in seasonal pathogens transforming into jaundice, chronic dysentery in hot months, gan disorders (pediatric wasting diseases), heart pain, and zhu-wu (a condition caused by evil qi leading to mental confusion or convulsions). Brain marrow treats various types of deafness. Blood treats pediatric ke-wu (infantile fright or shock from external influences). Fat promotes hair growth and blackening, and beautifies the complexion; taken after refining with wine, it cures wind-bi. Whenever "huang" (blind area) is mentioned, it refers to the name after the fat has dissipated; the back should not be called "gao" (grease). The *Zuo Zhuan Yi* states: "Gao-huang" actually refers to the huang above the diaphragm; this naming is an error in texts. Tao's mention of back grease aligns with old theories. Minister Yuxi et al., according to *Yao Xing Lun*, state: Bear gallbladder acts as the sovereign herb, incompatible with *Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix* (Fangji) and *Rehmanniae Radix* (Dihuang). It primarily treats the five types of gan in children, kills parasites, and treats severe scabies. It also states that bear fat acts as the sovereign herb. It can treat facial melasma and sores. Ri Huazi states: Xiong Bai is cool and non-toxic. It treats wind, tonifies deficiency, and kills lao worms (worms causing consumption). Fat strengthens the heart. Brain marrow removes dandruff from white baldness and treats vertigo and hair loss. Paws, when eaten, resist wind and cold; this is one of the Eight Treasures. Gallbladder treats gan sores, ear and nose sores, and various gan diseases.
The *Tu Jing* states: Bear fat and gallbladder originate from the valleys of Yongzhou. Currently, they are found in the mountains of Yongzhou, Luozhou, Hedong, Huaizhou, and Weizhou. Bears resemble dogs and pigs in shape but are agile and fond of climbing high trees. Upon seeing humans, they hang upside down and jump to the ground. In winter, they often enter caves to hibernate and emerge in early spring. The fat is called Xiong Bai and is harvested in November, specifically from the back. It exists in cold months but not in summer. The abdominal fat and other greases can be refined for medicine but are not edible. The gallbladder is used after shade-drying. However, there are many fakes. To test authenticity, take a grain-sized amount and drop it into water; if it forms a thread-like line without dispersing, it is genuine. The paw pads are considered precious delicacies and were highly valued by ancients, though difficult to cook thoroughly. Consuming them in large quantities enhances cold resistance. Brain marrow made into oil applied to the head can remove dandruff. Those with chronic diseases should not eat bear meat, as it leads to lifelong incurability. Bears detest salt; consuming it causes death.
Lei Gong states: After harvesting, refine the fat. Place raw Sichuan peppercorns in the vessel. For every jin (approx. 500g) of bear fat, add fourteen raw peppercorns. After refining, remove the fat membrane and peppercorns, store in a bottle, and use as needed.
*Shi Liao Ben Cao* states: Bear fat is slightly cold and sweet-smooth. Harvest it when it congeals and turns white in winter. As a raw product, nothing compares to it. Adding fat to ointments for removing white hair is very effective. Mixing bear fat with pig fat to burn as lamp oil produces smoke that, if entering the eyes, causes blindness because bear fat smoke damages human eye vision. Bear meat is neutral in nature, sweet in flavor, and non-toxic. It primarily treats wind-bi with bone and tendon insensitivity. If there are accumulations and cold-heat in the abdomen, eating bear meat will never cure the condition. Boiling the bones for bathing treats li-jie-feng (painful joints moving around) and pediatric ke-wu. Gallbladder is cold. It treats heat excess in seasonal pathogens, gan disorders, and pediatric convulsions. Do not eat in the tenth month as it harms the spirit. For pediatric convulsions and spasms, take two soybean-sized amounts of bear gallbladder, mixed with milk and bamboo sap, which effectively removes phlegm from the heart. *Shenghui Fang*: Treats pediatric gan sores with worm erosion of the nose. Use half a fen of bear gallbladder, dissolve in water, and apply to the nose. Boil bear paws with wine, vinegar, and water until cooked; they swell like a ball. Eating them enhances cold resistance. *Waitai Miyao* treats roundworm heart pain. Take bear gallbladder the size of a soybean, mix with water, and take orally for great effect. Another prescription: For fifty-year-old hemorrhoids that do not heal. Apply bear gallbladder until healed; it is miraculous, superior to all other prescriptions. *Qianjin Yifang* treats yellowing. Apply bear fat to the hair, comb it through, lie under the bed, stay prone for the duration of a meal, then emerge; the hair will turn completely black. One jin of fat is sufficient. *Shiyi Xinjing* treats hong-zhang-jiao (podagra/foot Qi), wind-bi insensitivity, wu-huan (five types of flaccidity), and tendon stiffness. Take half a jin of bear meat, mix with soy sauce juice, ginger, pepper, green onion whites, salt, and paste to make cured meat. Eat on an empty stomach. Another prescription: Treats stroke, wind-heat in the heart and lungs, inability to move hands and feet, wind-bi intolerance, wu-huan of tendons and vessels, mental confusion, and irritability. Take one jin of bear meat, cut it, and prepare as cured meat according to standard methods. Eat on an empty stomach. *Doumen Fang*: Treats injury from "water弩" (poisonous mist/evil qi). Apply bear gallbladder to the affected area. Also, grind realgar with wine and take orally for recovery. *Yangshi Chanru* treats white baldness sores and tinea capitis. Apply Xiong Bai topically. *Baopuzi* states that bears live for five hundred years and can transform into foxes.