\r象牙\pd390.bmp\r
无毒。主诸铁及杂物入肉，刮取屑细研，和水敷疮上，及杂物刺立出。
齿 主痫病，屑为末，炙令黄，饮下。
肉 味淡。不堪啖。多食令人体重。主秃疮，作灰和油涂之。
胆 主目疾，和乳滴目中。
胸前小横骨 令人能浮水，作灰酒服之。身有百兽肉，皆自有分段，唯鼻是其本
肉，余并杂肉。（今附）
臣禹锡等谨按日华子云∶象牙，平。治小便不通，生煎服之。小便多，烧灰饮下。胆，
明
目及治疳。蹄底似犀可作带。南海药∶诸云∶象胆，以清水和涂疮肿上，并瘥。又口臭，每
夜
和水研少许，绵裹贴齿根上。每夜含之，平明暖水洗口，如此三、五度瘥。
图经曰∶象牙，旧不着所出州郡，《尔雅》云∶南方∶之美者，有梁山之犀、象焉。今
多出
交趾，潮、循州亦有之。彼人捕得，争食其肉，云肥脆堪作炙。或曰象有十二种肉，配十二
辰属
，唯鼻是其肉。又胆不附肝，随月在诸肉间。淳化中，上苑一驯象毙，太宗命取胆不获，使
问徐铉，铉曰∶当在前左足，既而剖足果得。又问其故，铉曰∶象胆随四时，今其毙在春，
故知左足也。世敷荆蛮山中亦有野象。盖《
左氏传》所谓楚师燧象以奔吴军，是其事也。然楚、粤之象皆青，唯西竺、弗林、大食诸国
乃多白象。樊绰《云南记》、平居诲《于阗行程记》皆言其事。象牙，主诸物刺人肉，刮取
屑细研，和水敷疮上，刺立出。咽中刺，则水调饮之。旧牙梳屑尤佳。齿及肉、目睛等，医
方∶亦或有用者。
陈藏器云肉味咸、酸，不堪啖。胆主目疾，和乳滴目中。序云∶象胆挥粘。海药∶谨按
《内
典》云∶象出西国，有二牙、四牙者，味寒。主风痫热，骨蒸劳，诸疮等，并皆宜生屑入药，
琥珀、竹膏、真珠、犀角、牛黄等良。西域重之，用饰床座。中国贵之，以为笏。昆仑诸国
有象，生于山谷，每遇解牙，人不可取，昆仑以白木削为牙，而用易之。《酉阳杂俎》云∶
生纹理必国富。又云∶龙与象，六十岁骨方∶足。肘后方∶治箭并金折在肉中。细刮象牙屑
，以水和敷上，即出。简要济众主小儿误为诸骨及鱼骨刺入肉不出。水煮白梅肉，烂研后，
调象
牙末，浓敷有刺处，自软。太平广记安南有象，能知人曲直。有斗讼者，行立而嗅之，有理
者则过，无理者，以鼻卷之，掷空数丈，以牙接而刺之。以水洗牙，饮之愈疾。象胆随四时
在四腿，春在前左，夏在前右，如龟定体，鼻端有爪可拈针，肉有十二般，唯鼻是本肉。胸
前小骨，灰之酒服，可令人能浮水出没。食其肉，令人体重。古训云∶象孕五岁始产。
衍义曰∶象牙，取口两边各出一牙，下垂夹鼻者，非口内食齿；齿别入药。今为象笏者
是牙
也。
象牙：无毒。主治各种铁器及其他杂物刺入肌肉，刮取象牙屑细细研磨，用水调和后敷在疮口上，能使刺入的杂物立即取出。
牙齿：主治癫痫发作，将象牙磨成粉末，加热至黄色，用温水送服。
肉：味道淡。不适合食用。多吃会使身体沉重。主治秃疮，将其烧成灰后与油混合涂抹患处。
胆：主治眼部疾病，与乳汁混合滴入眼中。
胸前的小横骨：服用后可使人能够浮水，将其烧成灰后用酒送服。象身上的百兽之肉，都有各自的分段归属，只有鼻子是它真正的本肉，其余都是杂肉。（此条为今附）
臣禹锡等人谨按：日华子说：象牙，性平。治疗小便不通，生煎后服用。小便过多，烧成灰后用水送服。象胆，能明目及治疗疳积。蹄底类似犀牛角，可以制作腰带。南海药物记载：众人说：象胆，用清水调和涂在疮肿上，并能治愈。又有口臭，每晚用水研磨少许，用棉包裹贴在齿根上。每晚含在口中，天亮后用温水漱口，如此三到五次即可痊愈。
《图经》说：象牙，旧籍未注明出产的州郡，《尔雅》说：南方的美好之物，有梁山的犀牛和大象。现在多产于交趾，潮州、循州也有。当地人捕获后，争着吃它的肉，说肉质肥脆适合烤食。有人说象有十二种肉，对应十二地支，只有鼻子是它的真肉。又说象胆不依附于肝脏，随着月份变化存在于不同的肉中。淳化年间，御苑中一头驯象死亡，太宗命令寻找象胆但未找到，派人询问徐铉，徐铉说应该在左前足，随后剖开前足果然找到。又问其原因，徐铉说象胆随四季变化，当时象死于春季，所以知道在左足。世敷荆蛮山中也有野象。大概是《左氏传》所说的楚军点燃火把驱赶大象冲向吴军，就是这件事。然而楚国、粤地的象都是青色的，只有西竺、弗林、大食等国多有白象。樊绰《云南记》、平居诲《于阗行程记》都记载了此事。象牙，主治各种物体刺入肌肉，刮取象牙屑细细研磨，用水调匀敷在疮口上，刺物立即取出。咽喉中的刺，则用水调匀饮用。旧的象牙梳屑尤其好。牙齿和肉、眼珠等，医方中也偶有使用。
陈藏器说：象肉味咸、酸，不适合食用。象胆主治眼部疾病，与乳汁混合滴入眼中。序言说：象胆挥动时粘稠。海药记载：谨按《内典》说：象出自西方国家，有两牙、四牙的，味道寒凉。主治风痫热、骨蒸劳、各种疮疡等，都适宜用生象牙屑入药，配合琥珀、竹膏、真珠、犀角、牛黄等效果良好。西域重视它，用来装饰床座。中国珍视它，用作笏板。昆仑诸国有象，生于山谷，每次换牙时，人无法获取，昆仑人削白木做成假牙来交换。《酉阳杂俎》说：纹理生动的象牙必使国家富裕。又说龙与象，六十岁时骨骼才长全。《肘后方》：治疗箭头及金属碎片留在肉中。细刮象牙屑，用水调和敷在上面，即能取出。《简要济众方》主治小儿误吞各种骨头及鱼骨刺入肉中出不来。水煮白梅肉，烂研后，调入象牙末，浓敷在有刺处，自然变软。《太平广记》安南有象，能知人的曲直。有争斗诉讼的人，让象站立嗅闻，有理的一方象会走过，无理的一方，象会用鼻子卷起，抛掷数丈远，用象牙接住并刺击。用水洗过的象牙粉，饮水可愈疾。象胆随四季分布在四条腿中，春季在左前足，夏季在右前足，像龟一样固定位置，鼻端有爪可拈针，肉有十二种，只有鼻子是本肉。胸前小骨，烧成灰后用酒送服，可令人能浮水出没。吃它的肉，令人体重增加。古训说：象怀孕五年才生产。
《衍义》说：象牙，是指从口两边各伸出一根牙，下垂夹住鼻子的，不是口中的食齿；牙齿另外入药。现在作为象笏的就是这种牙。
**Ivory**: Non-toxic. Mainly treats iron and other foreign objects penetrating into the flesh. Scrape off ivory shavings, grind them finely, mix with water, and apply to the wound; this will cause the embedded foreign object to be expelled immediately.
**Teeth**: Mainly treats epilepsy (epileptic seizures). Grind ivory into powder, heat until yellow, and swallow with warm water.
**Flesh**: Taste is bland. Not suitable for consumption. Excessive consumption causes heaviness in the body. Mainly treats tinea capitis (ringworm of the scalp); burn it into ash and mix with oil for topical application.
**Gallbladder**: Mainly treats eye diseases. Mix with milk and instill into the eyes.
**Small transverse bone on the chest**: Consuming its ash mixed with wine enables one to float on water. The flesh of various beasts on an elephant has distinct segments; only the trunk is its true original flesh, while the rest are mixed flesh. (This section is appended later)
Minister Yuxi et al. respectfully note: Rihua Zi states: Ivory is neutral in nature. It treats urinary retention by decocting raw ivory for oral administration. For excessive urination, burn it into ash and take with water. Elephant gallbladder brightens vision and treats gan syndrome (malnutrition syndrome in children). The sole of the hoof resembles rhinoceros horn and can be made into a belt. Records from Nanhai medicines state: People say that elephant gallbladder, when mixed with clear water and applied to sores and swellings, cures them. For bad breath, grind a small amount with water nightly, wrap in cotton, and apply to the gum line. Hold in the mouth nightly, rinse with warm water at dawn; repeating this three to five times results in a cure.
*Tu Jing* states: Old texts do not specify the provinces where ivory originates. *Erya* says: Among the fine products of the south are the rhinos and elephants of Liang Mountain. Currently, they are mostly produced in Jiaozhi, and also found in Chaozhou and Xunzhou. Locals capture them and compete to eat their flesh, claiming it is fat, crisp, and suitable for roasting. Some say there are twelve types of elephant flesh corresponding to the twelve Earthly Branches, and only the trunk is the true flesh. It is also said that the gallbladder does not attach to the liver but moves among different parts of the flesh according to the month. During the Chunhua era, a tame elephant died in the imperial garden. Emperor Taizong ordered the retrieval of the gallbladder but failed, so he sent someone to ask Xu Xuan. Xu Xuan said it should be in the front left leg. Upon dissection, it was indeed found there. When asked why, Xu Xuan explained that the elephant gallbladder follows the four seasons; since the elephant died in spring, it was known to be in the left leg. Wild elephants also exist in the mountains of Jingman in Shifu. This likely refers to the incident mentioned in *Zuo Zhuan* where Chu troops used fire-tipped elephants to charge against Wu's army. However, elephants in Chu and Yue are greenish, whereas white elephants are common in countries like Xizhu, Fulin, and Dashi. Fan Chuo’s *Yunnan Ji* and Ping Juhui’s *Yu Tian Xing Cheng Ji* both record this. Ivory mainly treats foreign objects piercing the flesh; scrape shavings, grind finely, mix with water, and apply to the wound to expel the object immediately. For splinters in the throat, mix with water and drink. Shavings from old ivory combs are particularly effective. Teeth, flesh, and eyeballs are occasionally used in medical prescriptions.
Chen Cangqi states: Elephant flesh tastes salty and sour and is not suitable for eating. Elephant gallbladder treats eye diseases; mix with milk and instill into the eyes. The preface states: Elephant gallbladder becomes viscous when waved. *Hai Yao* records: According to *Nei Dian*, elephants originate from western countries and may have two or four tusks; their taste is cold. They treat wind-heat epilepsy, bone-steaming consumptive fever, and various sores. Raw ivory shavings are suitable for medicinal use, especially when combined with amber, bamboo paste, pearl, rhinoceros horn, and bovine calculus, which yield excellent results. The Western Regions value it for decorating beds and seats. China treasures it for making hu tablets (court rank badges). Elephants live in valleys in the Kunlun regions. When they shed teeth, humans cannot retrieve them; people from Kunlun carve white wood into fake tusks to exchange for real ones. *Youyang Zazu* states: Ivory with vivid patterns ensures national prosperity. It also states that dragons and elephants have fully formed bones only after sixty years. *Zhou Hou Fang*: Treats arrows and metal fragments lodged in flesh. Scrape ivory shavings finely, mix with water, and apply to the area to expel the object. *Jian Yao Ji Zhong Fang*: Treats children who accidentally ingest bones or fishbones that pierce the flesh and cannot be removed. Boil white plum flesh until soft, grind it, mix with ivory powder, and apply thickly to the affected area; the object will naturally soften. *Taiping Guang Ji* records that in Annan, elephants can discern right from wrong. In disputes, the elephant sniffs the parties involved; if one is in the right, the elephant passes by; if wrong, the elephant卷s them up with its trunk, throws them several zhang away, catches them with its tusks, and stabs them. Drinking water mixed with washed ivory powder cures diseases. The elephant gallbladder resides in the four legs according to the seasons: in spring, it is in the front left leg; in summer, in the front right leg. It remains fixed like a turtle. There is a claw-like structure at the tip of the trunk capable of holding needles. The flesh has twelve varieties, with only the trunk being the original flesh. The small chest bone, burned to ash and taken with wine, enables floating on water. Eating its flesh causes bodily heaviness. Ancient teachings state that elephants gestate for five years before giving birth.
*Yan Yi* states: Ivory refers to the two tusks protruding from either side of the mouth, hanging down and flanking the nose, which are not the chewing teeth inside the mouth; these teeth are used separately in medicine. What is currently used as elephant hu tablets are these tusks.