\r白前\pd203.bmp\r
味甘，微温，臣禹锡等谨按蜀本云∶微寒。无毒。主胸胁逆气，咳嗽上气。
陶隐居云∶此药出近道。似细辛而大，色白，易折。主气嗽方多用之。唐本注云∶此药
叶似
柳
，或苡芫花，苗高尺许。生洲渚沙碛之上。根白，长于细辛，味甘，俗以酒渍服。主上气，
不生近道。俗名石蓝，又名嗽药。今用蔓生者，味苦，非真也。今按别本注云∶二月、八月
采根，曝干。根似牛膝、白薇。臣禹锡等谨按药性论云∶白前，臣，味辛。兼主一切气。日
华子云∶治贲豚肾气，肺气烦闷及上气。
图经曰∶白前，旧不载所出州土，陶隐居云出近道，今蜀中及淮、浙州郡皆有之。似细
辛而大，色白，易折。亦有
叶似柳，或似芜花苗者，并高尺许。生洲渚沙碛之上，根白，长于细辛，亦似牛膝、白薇辈。
今用蔓生者，味苦，非真
也。二月、八月采根，曝干。深师疗久咳逆上气，体肿，短气胀满，昼夜倚壁不得卧，常作
水鸡声者，白前汤主之。白
前二两，紫菀、半夏洗各三两，大戟七合切，四物以水一斗，渍一宿，明旦煮取三升，分三
服。禁食羊肉、饧大佳。
唐本云∶微寒。主上气冲喉中，呼吸欲绝。雷公云∶凡使，先用生甘草水浸一伏时后漉，
去头须了，焙干，任入药
中用。梅师方∶治久患 呷咳嗽，喉中作声，不得眠。取白前捣为末，温酒调二钱匕服。
衍义曰∶白前，保定肺气，治嗽，多用。白而长于细辛，但粗而脆，不似细辛之柔。以
温药相佐使，则尤佳，余如
《经》。
白前
味甘，性微温。臣禹锡等人依照《蜀本》记载说：性微寒。无毒。主治胸胁部气机逆乱，咳嗽气逆。
陶隐居说：这种药出产于邻近道路的地方。外形像细辛但体积较大，颜色白色，容易折断。治疗气逆咳嗽的方剂中多使用它。《唐本草》注解说：这种药的叶子像柳叶，或者像芫花，苗高约一尺左右。生长在沙洲或沙石之上。根部白色，比细辛长，味甘，民间常用酒浸泡后服用。主治上气，不出产在邻近道路的地方。俗名叫石蓝，又叫嗽药。现在使用的是蔓生品种，味苦，不是真正的白前。现在参照其他版本的注解说：二月、八月采集根部，晒干。根形状像牛膝、白薇。臣禹锡等人依照《药性论》说：白前，作为臣药，味辛。兼治各种气滞病症。日华子说：治疗奔豚肾气，肺气烦闷以及上气。
《图经》说：白前，旧籍未记载其出产州土，陶隐居说出产于邻近道路的地方，现在蜀地以及淮、浙各州郡都有。外形像细辛但体积较大，颜色白色，容易折断。也有叶子像柳叶，或者像芜花苗的，都高约一尺。生长在沙洲沙石之上，根部白色，比细辛长，也类似牛膝、白薇一类。现在使用的是蔓生品种，味苦，不是真正的白前。二月、八月采集根部，晒干。《深师方》治疗久咳气逆上冲，身体浮肿，短气胀满，昼夜倚靠墙壁无法躺卧，经常发出像水鸡叫声的症状，用白前汤主治。白前二两，紫菀、半夏（洗）各三两，大戟七合切块，四味药用水一斗，浸泡一夜，第二天早晨煮取三升，分三次服用。禁止食用羊肉、饴糖，效果极佳。
《唐本草》说：性微寒。主治上气冲至喉中，呼吸几乎断绝。雷公说：凡是使用，先用生甘草水浸泡一个白天黑夜的时间后捞出，去掉头须，焙干，任入药中使用。梅师方：治疗长期患呷嗽，喉中发出声音，无法入睡。取白前捣成粉末，用温酒调服二钱匕。
《衍义》说：白前，能安定肺气，治疗咳嗽，多用。白色且比细辛长，但粗糙而脆，不像细辛那样柔韧。配合温性药物作为佐使，则效果更好，其余如《图经》所述。
Baian (Cynanchum Stauntonii Rhizoma)
The flavor is sweet, and the nature is slightly warm. Chen Yuxi et al., according to the *Shu Ben* (Local Materia Medica of Shu), state: The nature is slightly cold. It is non-toxic. It primarily treats rebellious Qi in the chest and hypochondrium, coughing, and upward rushing Qi.
Tao Hongjing says: This herb grows in areas near main roads. It resembles Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma) but is larger, white in color, and brittle. It is frequently used in formulas treating Qi-rebellious coughs. The *Tang Bencao* commentary notes: The leaves resemble those of willow or Yuanhua (Genkwa Flos), and the seedling is about one chi tall. It grows on river islets and sandy banks. The rhizome is white, longer than that of Xixin, and has a sweet taste; it is commonly soaked in wine by laypeople for consumption. It treats upper Qi rebellion and does not originate from areas near main roads. Its common name is Shibai (Stone Blue), also known as Souyao (Cough Medicine). The creeping variety currently in use has a bitter taste and is not genuine Baian. According to other versions of the commentary: The roots are harvested in February and August and dried in the sun. The root resembles Niuxi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix) and Baiwei (Cleomidis Radix). Chen Yuxi et al., citing *Yaoxing Lun*, state: Baian serves as a minister herb, has a pungent flavor, and additionally treats various Qi stagnation conditions. Rihua Zi states: It treats Benpeng (Rushing Tumor) kidney Qi, lung Qi irritability and oppression, and upper Qi rebellion.
*Tujing* (Illustrated Classic) states: Baian’s place of origin was not recorded in older texts. Tao Hongjing stated it grows near main roads; currently, it is found in Shu region and the Huai and Zhe prefectures. It resembles Xixin but is larger, white in color, and brittle. Some varieties have leaves resembling willow or Yuanhua seedlings, all growing about one chi tall. They grow on river islets and sandy banks; the rhizomes are white, longer than Xixin, and similar to Niuxi and Baiwei. The creeping variety currently in use has a bitter taste and is not genuine Baian. Roots are harvested in February and August and dried in the sun. The *Shen Shi Fang* (Deep Master's Formulas) treats chronic cough with rebellious Qi, bodily edema, shortness of breath, abdominal distension, inability to lie down day or night leaning against a wall, and sounds resembling those of a water frog, using Baian Tang (Baian Decoction) as the primary treatment. Baian 2 liang, Ziwan (Asternis Radix) and Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum, washed) each 3 liang, Daji (Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix) 7 he, cut into pieces. These four ingredients are soaked in one dou of water overnight. On the next morning, decoct to obtain three sheng. Divide into three doses. Avoid consuming mutton and yi (malt sugar); this is highly recommended.
*Tang Bencao* states: The nature is slightly cold. It treats upper Qi rushing to the throat, where breathing seems nearly ceased. Lei Gong states: When preparing, first soak in raw Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) water for a full day and night, then drain, remove the head and fibrous roots, dry by baking, and use in prescriptions. Mei Shi Fang (Master Mei's Formulas): Treats chronic Xiasou (wheezing cough) with sounds in the throat and insomnia. Take Baian, crush into powder, and take two qianbi (small spoonfuls) mixed with warm wine.
*Yanyi* (Expanded Meaning) states: Baian stabilizes lung Qi and treats coughs; it is widely used. It is white and longer than Xixin, but rough and brittle, unlike the flexibility of Xixin. When assisted by warming herbs, its effect is superior; otherwise, refer to *Tujing*.