\r苋实\pd519.bmp\r
味甘，寒、大寒，无毒。主青盲，白翳，明目，除邪，利大小便，去寒热，杀蛔虫。
久服益气力，不饥轻身。一名马苋，一名莫实，细苋亦同。生淮阳川泽及田中，叶如蓝，十
一月采。
陶隐居云∶李云即苋菜也。今马苋别一种，布地生，实至微细，俗呼为马齿苋，亦可食，
小酸，恐非今苋实。其苋实当是白苋，所以云细苋亦同，叶如蓝也。细苋即是糠苋，食之乃
胜
故云十一月采。又有赤苋，茎纯紫，能疗赤下，而不堪食。药方∶
用苋实甚稀，断谷方∶中时用之。唐本注云∶赤苋，一名KT （音匮）。今苋实一名莫实，
疑莫字
无毒。主赤痢，又主射工、沙虱，此是赤叶苋也。马苋，一名马齿草
诸肿 、疣目，捣揩之饮汁，
主反胃，诸淋，金疮，血流，破血，症
癖，小儿尤良。用汁洗紧唇，面 、马汗、射工毒，涂之瘥。今按∶陈藏器本草云∶忌与鳖
同食。今以鳖细锉，和苋于近水湿处置之，则变为生鳖。紫苋杀虫毒。臣禹锡等谨按蜀本注
人苋、马苋、紫苋、五色苋，凡六种。唯人、白二苋实入药用
如马齿，赤苋味辛，俱别有
功，紫及五色二苋不入药。孟诜云
∶苋，补气，除热。其子明目。九月霜后采之。叶亦动气，令人烦闷，冷中损腹。日华子云∶
图经曰∶苋实，生淮阳川泽及田中，今处处有之。即人苋也。《经》云细苋亦同，叶如
蓝是
也。谨按苋有六种∶有人苋、赤苋、白苋、紫苋、马苋、五色苋。马苋即马齿苋也，自见
后条。入药者，人、白二苋，俱大寒，亦谓之糠苋，亦谓之胡苋，亦谓之细苋，其实一也。
但
霜后方∶熟，实细而黑，主翳目黑花，肝风客热等。紫苋，茎、
叶通紫，吴人用染菜、瓜者，诸苋中此无毒，不寒，兼主气痢。赤苋亦谓之花苋，茎、叶深
赤。
也。根茎亦可糟藏，食之甚美。然性微寒，故主血痢。五色苋，今
亦稀有。细苋，俗谓之野苋，猪好食之，又名猪苋。《集验方》∶治众蛇螫人。取紫苋捣
绞汁，饮一升，滓以水和涂疮上。又射工毒中人，令寒热发疮，偏在一处，有异于常者，取
赤苋
升，日再，瘥。
陈藏器云∶陶以马齿与苋同类，苏亦于苋条出马齿功用。按此二物，厥类既殊，合从别
品。
食疗叶，食动气，令人烦闷，冷中损腹。不可与鳖肉同食，生鳖症。又取鳖甲如豆片大者，
以
上以土盖之，一宿尽变成鳖儿也。又，五月五日采苋菜，和马齿
苋为末，等分调，与妊娠服之，易产。
衍义曰∶苋实，入药亦稀，苗又谓之人苋，人多食之。茎高而叶红、黄二色者，谓之红
人苋
，可淹菜用。
味甘，性寒至大寒，无毒。主治青盲（视力模糊或失明）、白翳（角膜云翳），能明目，祛除邪气，通利大小便，去除寒热症状，杀灭蛔虫。长期服用可益气力，使人不感饥饿且身体轻健。又名马苋，又名莫实，细苋的功效与之相同。产于淮阳地区的沼泽及田地中，叶片像蓝草，十一月采收。
陶隐居说：李云就是苋菜。现在的马苋是另一种植物，贴地生长，果实非常细小，俗称为马齿苋，也可以食用，味道微酸，恐怕不是现在的苋实。真正的苋实应该是白苋，所以说细苋也相同，因为它的叶子像蓝草。细苋就是糠苋，食用它胜过其他种类，所以说在十一月采收。还有赤苋，茎完全是紫色的，能治疗赤痢（血痢），但不能食用。药方中使用苋实很少见，断谷方中适时使用。唐本注说：赤苋，又名KT（音同“匮”）。现在的苋实又名莫实，怀疑“莫”字无毒。主治赤痢，又主治射工、沙虱毒，这是指赤叶苋。马苋，又名马齿草，各种肿物、疣目，捣碎后擦拭并饮用其汁液，主治反胃，各种淋证，金疮（刀箭创伤），血流不止，破血，症瘕积聚，对小儿尤为有效。用汁液清洗紧唇，以及面皰、马汗、射工毒，涂抹后可痊愈。现在考证：陈藏器《本草》说：忌与鳖同食。现在将鳖切细，和苋菜一起放在靠近水湿的地方，就会变成活的鳖。紫苋能杀虫毒。臣禹锡等人谨按《蜀本注》：人苋、马苋、紫苋、五色苋，共有六种。只有人苋、白苋的果实入药。像马齿一样，赤苋味辛，各有不同的功效，紫苋和五色苋不入药。孟诜说：苋能补气，除热。它的子实能明目。九月霜降后采收。叶子也会动气，令人烦闷，伤及脾胃腹部。日华子说：
《图经》说：苋实，产于淮阳地区的沼泽及田地中，现在到处都有。就是人苋。《经》文说细苋也相同，叶子像蓝草，就是这个意思。谨按苋有六种：有人苋、赤苋、白苋、紫苋、马苋、五色苋。马苋就是马齿苋，详见后面条目。入药的，是人苋和白苋，都属大寒，也称为糠苋，也称为胡苋，也称为细苋，其实是一样的。只是霜降后才成熟，果实细小而黑，主治眼翳、黑花、肝风客热等。紫苋，茎、叶全紫，吴地人用它来染菜、瓜，各种苋中此品无毒，不寒，兼治气痢。赤苋也称为花苋，茎、叶深红。根茎也可以糟藏，食用味道很美。但性微寒，所以主治血痢。五色苋，现在也很稀有。细苋，俗称为野苋，猪喜欢吃，又名猪苋。《集验方》：治疗各种蛇咬伤人。取紫苋捣烂绞汁，饮一升，药渣用水调和涂在伤口上。又有射工毒中人，导致寒热发作疮疡，偏在一处，与平常不同，取赤苋一升，每日两次服用，痊愈。
陈藏器说：陶弘景认为马齿苋与苋同类，苏恭也在苋条下列出马齿苋的功效。考证这两种植物，类别既然不同，应归入不同的品类。食疗方面，叶子食用会动气，令人烦闷，伤及脾胃腹部。不可与鳖肉同食，会导致生鳖症。又取如豆片大小的鳖甲，上面用土覆盖，一夜之间全部变成小鳖。另外，五月五日采集苋菜和马齿苋研为末，等分调匀，给孕妇服用，易于分娩。
Amaranthi Fructus (Xian Shi)
The flavor is sweet, the nature is cold to great cold, and it is non-toxic. It primarily treats Qingmang (blurred vision or blindness), Baiyi (corneal opacity), brightens the eyes, eliminates pathogenic factors, promotes urination and defecation, removes chills and fever, and kills Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm). Long-term consumption benefits Qi and strength, prevents hunger, and lightens the body. It is also known as Maxian (Horse Amaranth) and Moshí. Xixian (Fine Amaranth) has the same effects. It grows in marshes and fields of Huaiyang; its leaves resemble those of Isatis tinctoria (Indigo plant); it is harvested in the eleventh month.
Tao Hongjing stated: Yun Li refers to amaranth vegetables. The current Maxian is a different species, growing prostrate on the ground with extremely tiny fruits, commonly called Pseudostellariae Radix (Ma Chi Xian / Purslane), which is edible and slightly sour, and likely not the current Amaranthi Fructus. The true Amaranthi Fructus should be from Bai Xian (White Amaranth), hence the statement that Xixian is similar, as its leaves resemble Indigo plant. Xixian is also known as Fang Xian (Bran Amaranth), which is superior for dietary use, hence the harvest time in the eleventh month. There is also Chi Xian (Red Amaranth), with purely purple stems, which can treat Chi Li (bloody dysentery) but is inedible. In medical prescriptions, the use of Amaranthi Fructus is rare; it is used opportunistically in Duangu formulas (grain-abstaining regimens). The Commentary on the New Tang Materia Medica states: Chi Xian is also known as KT (pronounced "kui"). The current Amaranthi Fructus is also known as Moshí; there is doubt regarding the character "Mo". It is non-toxic. It treats Chi Li (bloody dysentery) and also treats Shegong (archer bug) and Shashi (sand mite) toxins; this refers to Chiyexian (Red-leaf Amaranth). Maxian, also known as Machi Cao (Purslane Herb), when crushed and applied to various swellings and verrucae (warts), and its juice drunk, treats Fanwei (regurgitation/vomiting), various Lin syndromes (dysuria), Jinchuang (traumatic wounds), bleeding, blood stasis, Zhengji (masses), and is particularly effective for children. Washing tight lips with its juice, as well as applying it to facial eruptions, horse sweat, and Shegong toxins, leads to recovery. Current research indicates: Chen Cangqi's Materia Medica states: Do not consume together with turtle meat. If finely chopped turtle meat is mixed with amaranth and placed in a damp, water-near environment, it transforms into live turtles. Zixian (Purple Amaranth) kills insect toxins. Ministers Yu Xi et al., according to the Shu Ben Commentary: Renxian (Human Amaranth), Maxian, Zixian, and Wuse Xian (Five-color Amaranth) total six types. Only the fruits of Renxian and Baixian are used medicinally. Similar to purslane, Chi Xian has a pungent flavor and possesses distinct efficacies; Zixian and Wuse Xian are not used in medicine. Meng Shen stated: Amaranth tonifies Qi and clears heat. Its seeds brighten the eyes. Harvest after frost in the ninth month. The leaves move Qi, causing irritability and damaging the spleen and stomach. Ri Huazi stated:
Tu Jing (Illustrated Classic) states: Amaranthi Fructus grows in marshes and fields of Huaiyang and is now found everywhere. It is Renxian. The Classic states that Xixian is similar, with leaves resembling Indigo plant, which is correct. Careful examination shows six types of amaranth: Renxian, Chi Xian, Baixian, Zixian, Maxian, and Wuse Xian. Maxian is Ma Chi Xian (Purslane), detailed in subsequent entries. For medicinal use, Renxian and Baixian are both Great Cold, also called Fang Xian, Hu Xian, or Xixian; they are essentially the same. They mature only after frost; the fruits are small and black, treating Yi Mu Hei Hua (eye floaters/opacities) and Gan Feng Ke Re (liver wind with guest heat). Zixian has purple stems and leaves; people in Wu use it to dye vegetables and melons; among all amaranths, this one is non-toxic and not cold, and additionally treats Qi Li (gas dysentery). Chi Xian is also called Hua Xian, with deep red stems and leaves. The roots and stems can be pickled and are delicious. However, its nature is slightly cold, so it treats Blood Li (bloody dysentery). Wuse Xian is now rare. Xixian is commonly called Ye Xian (Wild Amaranth), which pigs like to eat, also known as Zhu Xian (Pig Amaranth). Ji Yan Fang (Collected Proven Prescriptions): Treats bites from various snakes. Take Zixian, crush and squeeze juice, drink one sheng; apply the dregs mixed with water to the wound. Also, for Shegong toxin poisoning causing chills, fever, and sores localized in one area, differing from usual cases, take one sheng of Chi Xian, twice daily, until recovered.
Chen Cangqi stated: Tao Hongjing considered Machi Xian and Xian to be of the same category, and Su Gong listed the efficacy of Machi Xian under the Xian entry. Investigating these two substances, their categories differ significantly, so they should be classified separately. Regarding dietary therapy: Leaves moving Qi cause irritability and damage the spleen and stomach. Do not eat with turtle meat, as it causes the formation of turtle masses. Also, take turtle shell pieces the size of beans, cover with soil overnight, and they will transform into baby turtles. Additionally, on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, harvest amaranth vegetables and Machi Xian, grind into powder, mix in equal proportions, and administer to pregnant women to facilitate childbirth.
Yan Yi (Explanation of Meanings) states: Amaranthi Fructus is rarely used in medicine; the seedling is also called Renxian, which people often eat. Those with tall stems and red and yellow leaves are called Hong Renxian (Red Human Amaranth), suitable for pickling.