\r麝香\pd387.bmp\r
味辛，温，无毒。主辟恶气，杀鬼精物，温疟蛊毒，痫 ，去三虫，疗诸凶邪鬼气，
中恶，心腹暴痛，胀急痞满，风毒，妇人产难，坠胎，去面 （音孕）、目中肤翳。久服除
邪
，不梦寤魇寐，通神仙。生中台川谷及益州、雍州山中。春分取之，生者益良。
陶隐居云∶麝形似獐，常食柏叶，又啖蛇，五月得香，往往有蛇皮骨，故麝香疗蛇毒。
今以
蛇蜕皮裹麝香弥香，则是相使也。其香正在麝阴茎前皮内，别有膜裹之。今出随郡、义阳、
晋熙诸蛮中者亚之。出益州者形扁，仍以皮膜裹之。一子真香，分糅（汝收切）作三、四子，
刮取血膜，杂以余物，大都亦有精粗，破看一片，毛共在裹中者为胜，彼人以为志。若于诸
羌夷中得者多真好，烧当门沸良久即好。今唯得活者，自看取之，必当全真尔。生香，人云
是精溺凝作之，殊不尔。麝夏月食蛇、虫多，至寒香满，入春患急痛，自以脚剔（音扬）出
之
，着屎溺中复之，皆有常处。人有遇得，乃至一斗五升也。用此香乃胜杀取者。带麝非但香
，亦辟恶。以真者一子，置颈间枕之，辟恶梦及尸疰鬼气。臣禹锡等谨按抱朴子云∶辟蛇
法∶入山以麝香丸着足爪中，皆有效。又麝香及野猪皆啖蛇，故以厌之。药性论云∶麝香，
臣
，禁食大蒜，味苦、辛。除百邪魅鬼，疰心痛，小儿惊痫客忤，镇心安神，以当门子一粒，
丹砂相似，细研，熟水灌下。止小便利，能蚀一切痈疮脓。入十香丸，令人百毛九窍皆香，
疗鬼疰腹痛。段成式酉阳杂俎云∶水麝脐中，唯水沥一滴于斗水中，用洒衣，衣至败其香不
歇。每取以针刺之，捻以真雄黄，则合香气倍于肉麝。天宝初，虞人获，诏养之。日华子云
∶辟邪气，杀鬼毒，蛊气，疟疾，催生堕胎，杀脏腑虫，制蛇、蚕咬，沙虱，溪瘴毒，吐风
痰，纳子宫，暖水脏，止冷带疾。
图经曰∶麝香，出中台山谷及益州、雍州山中，今陕西、益、利、河东诸路山中皆有之，
而
秦州、文州诸蛮中尤多。形似獐而小，其香正在阴前皮内，别有膜裹之。春分取之，生者益
良
。此物极难得真。蛮人采得，以一子香，刮取皮膜，杂内余物，裹以四足膝皮，共作五子。
而土人买得，又复分糅一为二、三，其伪可知。唯生得之，乃当全真耳。蕲、光山中，或时
亦有，然其香绝小，一子才若弹丸，往往是真香，盖彼人不甚能作伪尔。一说香有三种∶第
一生香，麝子夏食蛇、虫多，至寒则香满，入春急痛，自以爪剔出之，落处远近草木皆焦黄
，此极难得，今人带真香过园中，瓜果皆不实，此其验也；其次脐香，乃捕得杀取者；又其
次心结香，麝被大兽捕逐，惊畏失心，狂走巅坠崖谷而毙，人有得之，破心见血流出，作块
者是也，此香干燥不可用。又有一种水麝，其香更奇好，脐中皆水，沥一滴于斗水中，令濯
衣，其衣至弊而香不歇。唐天宝初，虞人常获一水麝，诏养于囿中，每取以针刺其脐，捻以
真雄黄，则其创复合，其香气倍于肉麝，近岁不复闻有之。《尔雅》谓∶麝为麝父。
雷公云∶凡使，多有伪者，不如不用。其香有三等∶一者名遗香，是麝子脐闭满，其麝
自于
石上，用蹄尖弹脐，落处一里草木不生并焦黄。人若收得此香，价与明珠同也。二名月 香，
采得甚堪用。三名心结香，被大兽惊心破了，因兹狂走，杂诸群中，遂乱投水。被人收得，
擘破见心，流在脾上，结作一大干血块，可隔山涧早闻之香，是香中之次也。凡使麝香，并
用子日开之，不用苦细研筛用之也。食疗作末服之，辟诸毒热，杀蛇毒，除惊怖恍惚。蛮人
常食，似獐肉而腥气。蛮人云∶食之不畏蛇毒故也。脐中有香，除百病，治一切恶气疰病。
研了以水服之。经验后方∶治疟。又方∶治鼠咬人。麝香封上，用帛子系之。广利方∶治中
恶客忤垂死。麝香一钱，重研，和醋二合服之，即瘥。又方∶治小儿客忤，项强欲死。麝香
少许，
细
发
歇不定。用真好麝香研细。每服清水调下一字，日三服。量儿大小服。续十全方∶令易产。
麝香
一
研
，奶汁调，分为四、五服。杨文公谈苑公常言∶商汝山多群麝，所遗粪常就一处，虽远逐食
，必还走之，不敢遗迹他所，虑为人获，人反以是求得，必掩群而取之。麝绝爱其脐，每为
人所逐，势急即投岩，举爪剔裂其香，就絷而死，犹拱四足保其脐。李商隐诗云∶投岩麝退
香。许浑云∶寻麝采生香。狐刚子粉图云将麝香一脐，安于枕合中，枕之，亦能除邪辟恶。
衍义曰∶麝，每粪时，须聚于一所。人见其所聚粪，及有遗麝气，遂为人获，亦物之一
病尔
，此猎人云。余如《经》。
味辛，性温，无毒。主要功效为驱除恶气，杀灭鬼精邪物，治疗温疟和蛊毒，消除体内寄生虫，治疗各种凶险的邪气和鬼气，以及中恶（突然感受秽浊邪气所致病证）、心腹突发剧痛、腹胀急迫痞满、风毒，妇女难产、胎死腹中，去除面部黑斑（音孕）和眼中翳膜。长期服用可祛除邪气，不做噩梦惊醒，通晓神仙之道。产于中台山谷及益州、雍州的山中。春分时节采集，新鲜的品质更佳。
陶隐居说：麝的外形像獐子，常吃柏叶，又吞食蛇，五月时获得麝香，其中往往有蛇皮和蛇骨，所以麝香能治疗蛇毒。现在人们用蛇蜕皮包裹麝香，香气更加浓郁，这是相互促进的作用。它的香气位于麝阴茎前的皮内，另有薄膜包裹。现在出产于随郡、义阳、晋熙等地少数民族地区的次之。出产于益州的形状扁平，仍然用皮膜包裹。一个真品麝香，被掺杂做成三到四个假子，刮取血膜，混杂其他物质，大体上也有精细和粗糙之分，破开看一片，毛发共在包裹中的为优等，当地人以此作为标记。如果在羌夷地区得到的多为真品好货，烧动门子（麝香中心部分）沸腾很久即为好。现在只能得到活体取的，自己观察选取，必定是全部真实的。生香，有人说它是麝的精液尿液凝结而成，完全不是这样。麝在夏天吃蛇、虫多，到了寒冷季节香气充满，入春后患急痛，自己用脚剔出它，放在屎尿中恢复，都有固定的地方。人偶然得到，甚至有一斗五升之多。用这种香胜过杀取者。佩戴麝香不仅芳香，也能辟除恶气。用真品一子，挂在颈间枕着，可辟除恶梦及尸疰鬼气。臣禹锡等人谨按《抱朴子》说：辟蛇的方法：进山时将麝香丸放在脚爪中，都有效。另外麝香和野猪都吃蛇，所以能用它们来压制蛇。《药性论》说：麝香，臣服食用，禁止吃大蒜，味苦、辛。除百邪魅鬼，治疗疰心痛，小儿惊痫客忤，镇心安神，用当门子一粒，大小如丹砂，细细研磨，用熟水灌下。止小便频数，能腐蚀一切痈疮脓液。加入十香丸，使人全身毛发九窍皆香，治疗鬼疰腹痛。段成式《酉阳杂俎》说：水麝脐中，只滴一滴水在斗水中，用来洒衣服，衣服即使破烂其香气也不停止。每次取用时用针刺它，捻上真雄黄，则合起来的香气加倍于肉麝。天宝初年，猎人捕获，皇帝下诏饲养。日华子说：辟除邪气，杀灭鬼毒、蛊气、疟疾，催生堕胎，杀灭脏腑寄生虫，制止蛇、蚕咬伤，沙虱，溪瘴毒，吐出风痰，纳入子宫，温暖水脏，止冷带疾。
《图经》说：麝香，产于中台山谷及益州、雍州山中，现在陕西、益、利、河东各路山中都有，而秦州、文州等地的少数民族中尤其多。外形像獐子但较小，其香气正在阴前皮内，另有薄膜包裹。春分时节采集，新鲜的品质更佳。这种东西极难得真品。蛮人采得，用一个真香子，刮取皮膜，混杂其他物品，用四足膝皮包裹，共做成五个假子。而当地人买得，又再次掺杂一分二、三分，其伪造可知。只有活体获取的，才是全部真实。蕲、光山中，有时也有，但其香绝小，一个子才像弹丸大，往往是真香，大概是因为那里的人不太会作假罢了。一说香有三种：第一为生香，麝子夏天吃蛇、虫多，到了寒冷则香满，入春后急痛，自己用爪子剔出它，掉落处远近草木都焦黄，这极难得，现在人佩戴真香经过园中，瓜果都不结果实，这就是验证；其次是脐香，是捕得杀取者；再次是心结香，麝被大兽追逐，惊恐失心，狂跑巅坠崖谷而死，人得到它，剖开心见血流出，结成块的是，这种香干燥不可用。又有一种水麝，其香更奇好，脐中全是水，滴一滴在斗水中，令洗涤衣服，衣服即使破旧而香气不停。唐天宝初年，猎人常捕获一只水麝，皇帝下诏养在苑囿中，每次取用时针刺其脐，捻上真雄黄，则伤口愈合，其香气加倍于肉麝，近年不再听说有之。《尔雅》说：麝称为麝父。
雷公说：凡是使用，多有伪品，不如不用。其香有三等：一名遗香，是麝子脐闭满，麝自己在石头上，用蹄尖弹脐，掉落处一里草木不生并焦黄。人若收得此香，价格与明珠相同。二名月魄香，采得甚堪用。三名心结香，被大兽惊心破了，因而狂走，杂入群中，于是乱投水。被人收得，掰开见心，流在脾上，结作一大干血块，可隔山涧早闻到的香，是香中之次也。凡使用麝香，并用子日打开它，不需用苦细研筛使用。食疗作末服用，辟除诸毒热，杀蛇毒，除惊怖恍惚。蛮人常吃，似獐肉而有腥气。蛮人说：吃它不畏蛇毒的缘故。脐中有香，除百病，治一切恶气疰病。研了用水服下。经验后方：治疗疟疾。又方：治疗鼠咬人。麝香封住伤口，用布帛系之。广利方：治疗中恶客忤垂死。麝香一钱，重研，和醋二合服用，即痊愈。又方：治疗小儿客忤，项强欲死。麝香少许，细发歇不定。用好真麝香研细。每服清水调下一字，日三服。根据儿童大小服药。续十全方：令易产。麝香一钱研，奶汁调，分为四、五服。杨文公《谈苑》常言：商汝山多群麝，所遗粪便常在就一处，虽远逐食，必还走之，不敢遗迹他所，虑为人获，人反以是求得，必掩群而取之。麝绝爱其脐，每为人所逐，势急即投岩，举爪剔裂其香，就絷而死，犹拱四足保其脐。李商隐诗云：投岩麝退香。许浑云：寻麝采生香。狐刚子《粉图》云将麝香一脐，安于枕合中，枕之，亦能除邪辟恶。
《衍义》说：麝，每次排便时，必须聚集在一处。人见到它所聚粪便，及有遗麝气，遂为人获，也是物之一病耳，这是猎人所云。其余如《经》所述。
Musk (Shexiang)
Pungent in flavor, warm in nature, non-toxic. Primarily used to expel evil qi, kill ghostly spirits and malevolent entities, treat warm malaria and gu poison, eliminate three types of parasites, cure various ominous evil and ghostly qi, zhong e (sudden illness caused by foul pathogens), sudden severe pain in the heart and abdomen, distension, urgency, and fullness, wind toxicity, difficult childbirth in women, retained fetus, remove facial melasma (pronounced yun), and corneal opacities in the eyes. Long-term consumption removes evil influences, prevents nightmares and sleep paralysis, and facilitates communion with immortals. It grows in the valleys of Zhongtai and in the mountains of Yizhou and Yongzhou. Harvested at the Spring Equinox; fresh ones are superior.
Tao Hongjing stated: The musk deer resembles a roe deer, often eats cypress leaves, and also swallows snakes. In May, when the musk is obtained, snake skins and bones are often found within it; thus, musk treats snake venom. Currently, people wrap musk in shed snake skin to enhance its fragrance, which indicates a synergistic effect. Its fragrance lies within the skin anterior to the penis, wrapped in a separate membrane. Those produced among the barbarians of Suichun, Yiyang, and Jinxii are inferior. Those from Yizhou are flat-shaped and still wrapped in skin and membrane. One genuine musk pellet may be adulterated to make three or four fake pellets; blood membranes are scraped and mixed with other substances. Generally, there are fine and coarse grades. Breaking open one piece, those with hair contained within the wrapping are superior, which locals use as a mark. If obtained among the Qiang and Yi peoples, it is mostly genuine and good quality; burning the "dangmenzi" (central glandular part) for a long time until bubbling indicates good quality. Now, only live-extracted musk is available; observing it oneself ensures authenticity. Raw musk is said by some to be congealed semen and urine, but this is incorrect. In summer, musk deer eat many snakes and insects; by winter, the scent is full. In spring, they suffer urgent pain and excrete it themselves using their hooves, placing it in feces or urine, always in specific locations. Humans occasionally obtain it, sometimes up to one dou and five sheng. Using this type is superior to that from killed animals. Carrying musk not only provides fragrance but also wards off evil. Placing one genuine pellet around the neck or using it as a pillow wards off nightmares and corpse-transmission ghost qi. Minister Yuxi et al., according to *Baopuzi*, state: To ward off snakes: carry musk pills in foot claws when entering mountains; this is effective. Also, musk and wild boars both eat snakes, so they suppress them. *Yaoxing Lun* states: Musk, when consumed by ministers, requires avoiding garlic; bitter and pungent in flavor. Removes hundred evils, demons, and ghosts; treats zhu heart pain, pediatric convulsions and external shock; calms the heart and spirit. Use one dangmenzi pellet, similar in size to cinnabar, finely ground, and administered with cooked water. Stops frequent urination; can erode pus from all carbuncles and sores. Added to Ten Fragrances Pill, makes all hairs and nine orifices fragrant; treats ghost zhu abdominal pain. Duan Chengshi's *Youyang Zazu* states: From the water musk's umbilical cavity, dripping one drop into a bucket of water and sprinkling on clothes keeps the fragrance even if the clothes rot. Each time taken, prick with a needle, rub with real realgar, and the combined fragrance doubles that of meat musk. In the early Tianbao era, hunters captured one, and an edict ordered its breeding. Rihua Zi states: Expels evil qi, kills ghost poison, gu qi, malaria, induces labor and abortion, kills internal parasites, stops snake and scorpion bites, sand lice, stream miasma toxicity, vomits wind-phlegm, enters the uterus, warms the water organ, stops cold leukorrhea.
*Tujing* states: Musk comes from valleys of Zhongtai and mountains of Yizhou and Yongzhou. Now it is found in the mountains of Shaanxi, Yi, Li, and Hedong circuits, especially abundant among the barbarians of Qinzhou and Wenzhou. Resembles a roe deer but smaller; fragrance is in the skin anterior to the genitals, wrapped in a membrane. Harvested at Spring Equinox; fresh is better. This item is extremely hard to find genuine. Barbarians harvest it, taking one genuine pellet, scraping the membrane, mixing with other items, wrapping in knee skin of four legs, making five fake pellets. Locals buying it further adulterate one into two or three, revealing the forgery. Only live-extracted is truly authentic. In Qi and Guang mountains, it sometimes appears, but the fragrance is very small, one pellet only the size of a bullet, often genuine because locals are not skilled at forgery. One theory says there are three types: First, raw musk; musk deer eat many snakes/insects in summer, scent fills up by winter, urgent pain in spring, self-excreted with claws, causing nearby vegetation to turn yellow/brown where it falls; this is extremely rare. Now, wearing genuine musk through gardens causes fruits/vegetables not to set fruit, verifying this. Second, umbilical musk, from caught/killed animals. Third, heart-knot musk; musk chased by large beasts, panicked, runs wildly, falls off cliffs/dies; humans find it, cut open heart, blood flows out, forms clumps; this dry musk is unusable. Another type is water musk, even more wonderful; umbilical cavity full of water; one drop in a bucket of water washes clothes, fragrance remains even if clothes rot. Early Tianbao, hunters caught a water musk, edicted to breed in parks; pricking umbilicus with needle, rubbing realgar heals wound, fragrance doubles meat musk; not heard of in recent years. *Erya* states: Musk is called She Fu.
Lei Gong states: Most are fake, better not to use. Three grades: 1. Yi Xiang (Lost Scent): Umbilicus closed and full; deer rubs umbilicus on stone with hoof tip; vegetation dies/browns within one li; price equals pearls. 2. Yue Po Xiang: Very usable. 3. Xin Jie Xiang: Heart broken by beast panic, runs madly, jumps into water; found by humans, heart split, flows onto spleen, forms large dry blood clot; fragrance travels across mountain streams, second rate. When using musk, open on Zi days; do not grind too finely or sift. Food therapy: take as powder, expels heat/toxins, kills snake venom, removes fright/confusion. Barbarians eat it, tastes like roe deer meat but fishy. They say eating it prevents fear of snake venom. Umbilical musk cures hundred diseases, treats all evil zhu illnesses. Grind and take with water. Empirical Formulas: Treat malaria. Another formula: Treat rat bites. Seal with musk, bind with cloth. Guangli Formula: Treat zhong e ke wu near death. Musk 1 qian, finely ground, mix with 2 he vinegar, take orally, recovers. Another formula: Treat pediatric ke wu, stiff neck near death. Small amount of musk, fine hair... [text fragment] ... Use good genuine musk, finely ground. Take one zi-sized dose mixed with clear water, three times daily. Adjust dosage by child's size. Xu Shiquan Formula: Facilitate childbirth. Musk 1 qian, ground, mix with milk juice, divide into 4-5 doses. Yang Wen Gong's *Tan Yan*: Shangru mountains have many musk herds; dung accumulates in one place. Even when grazing far, they return to defecate there, fearing humans will track them. Hunters use this to locate herds. Musk loves its umbilicus greatly; when chased, it throws itself off cliffs, scratches out its musk, tied up and dies, still curling four legs to protect the umbilicus. Li Shangyin's poem: "Throwing off cliff, musk sheds scent." Xu Hun: "Seeking musk, gathering raw scent." Hu Gangzi's *Fen Tu*: Place one musk umbilicus in pillow joint, use as pillow, also expels evil.
*Yanyi* states: Musk gathers dung in one spot. Humans see the dung and musk scent, capture it; this is a flaw of the animal, say hunters. Rest as per Classics.