(医学入门)
杂病随宜选杂穴。仍兼原合与八法。经络交会别论详。脏腑俞募当谨始。根结标本理元
微。四关三部识其处。伤寒一日刺风府。阴阳分经次第取(伤寒一日太阳经取风府。在表刺三阳
经穴在里刺三阴经穴。过经未汗刺期门三里惟阴症宜灸关元穴)汗吐下法非有他。合谷内关
阴交杵(汗法刺合谷。行九九数。搓数十次。得汗。行泻法汗止身温出针。如汗不止针阴市
复溜合谷○吐法刺内关补之提气上行。又推战一次病患多呼几次即吐。如吐不止。补足三里
○下法刺三阴交。行六阴数毕。口鼻闭气吞鼓腹中。将泻。插一下即泻如泄不止刺合谷行九
阳数)一切风寒暑湿邪头疼发热外关起。头面耳目口鼻病。曲池合谷为之主。偏正头疼。左
右针列缺太渊不用补头风目眩项捩(音列)强申脉金门手三里。赤眼迎香(鼻内)出血奇(头)临
泣太冲合谷侣。(俱泻)耳聋侠溪与金门。合谷针之能听语。鼻塞鼻渊并鼻痔。合谷太冲随手
取。口噤 斜流涎多。地仓颊车仍可举。口舌生疮舌下窍。三棱刺血非粗卤。(刺舌下两边
筋)舌裂出血刺内关。太冲(三)阴交走上部。舌上生苔合谷当。手三里治舌风舞。牙风面肿
颊车神。合谷临泣泻不数。二陵(手太陵。足阳陵)二跷阴阳交。(三阴交阳交)头项手足互相
与。两井两商二三间。手上诸风得其所。手指连肩相引疼。合谷太冲能救苦。手三里治肩连
脊间心后称中渚。冷嗽只宜补合谷。三阴交泻实时住。霍乱中脘可刺深。三里内庭泻几许。心
痛翻胃针劳宫。少泽上中二脘侣。心疼手颤少海求。两足拘挛阴市睹。太渊列缺穴相连。能
祛气痛刺两乳。胁痛只须阳陵泉。公孙内关腹痛止。六经疟疾素问详。又刺指端舌下紫。(
危氏刺手十指。及舌下紫肿筋出血)痢疾合谷三里宜(邪干气分为白痢。针此)甚者必须兼中
膂。(邪干血分为赤痢。针小肠俞)心胸痞满阴陵泉。针到承山饮食美。泄泻肚胀诸般疾。三
里内庭功无比。水肿水分与复溜(一云泻水分。先用小针。次用太针。以鸡翎管透之水出浊
者
死清者生急服紧皮丸敛之若脚肿欲放水者。于复溜穴取之○水分针不及灸)胀满中脘三里揣
。腰痛环跳委中神。若连背痛昆仑武。腰腿俱疼髋骨升(旧本腕骨。误)三里降下随拜跪。腰
连
脚痛怎主医。环跳行间与风市。脚膝诸痛取行间。三里申脉金门侈。脚若转筋眼发花。然谷
承
山法自古。两足难移先悬钟。条口后针能步履。膝下酸麻补太 。仆参内庭盘跟楚(脚盘痛
刺
内庭脚跟痛刺仆参)脚连胁腋痛难当。环跳阳陵泉内杵。冷风湿痹针环跳。阳陵三里烧针
尾(用燔针。知痛即止。)七疝大敦与太冲。男妇五淋血海通。大便虚秘补支沟。泻足三里效可
拟。热秘气秘先长强。大敦阳陵堪调护。小便不通阴陵泉。三里泻下溺如注。内伤食积针三
里。璇玑相应块亦消。脾病气血先合谷。后取三阴(交)针用烧。一切内伤内关穴。痰火积块
退烦
潮。吐血尺泽功无比。衄血上星与禾 。喘息列缺足三里。呕噎阴交不可饶。劳宫能治五
般
痫。更刺涌泉疾若挑。神门专治心痴呆。人中间使祛癫妖。尸厥鬼迷百会穴。更针隐白与神
门
(缪刺论又以竹管吹两耳)妇人经闭泻合谷。三里至阴催孕妊。(虚者更补合谷)死胎胞衣不得
下。阴交照海内关寻。(泻)小儿惊风少商穴。人中涌泉刺莫深。痈疽初起审其穴。只刺阳经
不刺阴(详见卷五)伤寒流注分手足。太冲内庭可浮沉。
（出自《医学入门》）
治疗杂病时，应根据病情灵活选取穴位。同时需结合原穴、合穴以及八脉交会穴的运用。经络的交会关系在别录中有详细论述，脏腑的背俞穴和募穴应当谨慎地作为治疗的起始依据。根结、标本的理论道理原本就非常精微深奥。四关穴和三部的概念要清楚其具体位置。
伤寒发病第一天，针刺风府穴。根据阴阳分经的次第来取穴：伤寒第一天属太阳经，取风府穴；病邪在表，针刺三阳经的穴位；病邪在里，针刺三阴经的穴位；若经过一经仍未出汗，可刺期门穴和足三里；只有阴证适宜灸关元穴。汗法、吐法、下法并没有其他特殊的奥秘。
汗法：针刺合谷穴，施行九九八十一数的操作，搓捻数十次，待出汗后，施行泻法，汗止身温即可出针。如果汗不止，可针刺阴市穴和复溜穴配合合谷穴。
吐法：针刺内关穴并施以补法，提气上行，再推运针具一次，让病人多呼喊几次就会呕吐。如果吐不止，补足三里穴。
下法：针刺三阴交穴，施行六阴数的操作完毕，口鼻闭气，鼓腹吞气，准备泻下时，插针一下即行泻法。如果泄不止，刺合谷穴施行九阳数。
一切因风寒暑湿邪气引起的头痛发热，以外关穴为主治。头面、耳、目、口、鼻的疾病，以曲池穴和合谷穴为主治。偏头痛或正头痛，左右两侧针刺列缺穴和太渊穴，不用补法。头风、目眩、项部强直（音列），取申脉穴和金门穴。手三里穴也可用。赤眼红肿，取迎香穴（位于鼻内）。出血奇症（头部），取临泣穴、太冲穴和合谷穴作为伴侣（均用泻法）。耳聋取侠溪穴和金门穴。针刺合谷穴能恢复听力。鼻塞、鼻渊（鼻窦炎）及鼻痔，随手取合谷穴和太冲穴。口噤（牙关紧闭）、口角歪斜、流涎过多，仍可取地仓穴和颊车穴。口舌生疮，刺舌下窍（舌下两边筋），使用三棱针放血，并非粗鲁之举。舌裂出血，针刺内关穴。太冲穴和三阴交穴能调理上部病症。舌上生苔，当取合谷穴。手三里穴治疗舌风舞动。牙痛、面部肿胀，颊车穴是神效穴位。合谷穴和临泣穴泻之不多次。
“二陵”指手厥阴心包经的原穴大陵和足少阳胆经的合穴阳陵泉。“二跷”指阴跷脉照海和阳跷脉申脉，加上阴阳交（三阴交与阳交）。这些穴位头、项、手、足互相配合。两井穴（商阳、中冲等）和两商穴（商阳、少商）以及二三间穴，手上的各种风疾都能得到适当治疗。手指牵连肩部疼痛，合谷穴和太冲穴能解救痛苦。手三里穴治疗肩部连带脊间疼痛，心后部位称为中渚穴。冷嗽只宜补合谷穴。三阴交穴在实证时施以泻法即可停止。霍乱病，中脘穴可深刺。足三里和内庭穴施以适量泻法。心痛、翻胃，针刺劳宫穴。少泽穴、上脘穴和中脘穴互为伴侣。心疼伴手部颤抖，求取少海穴。两足拘挛，观察阴市穴。太渊穴和列缺穴相连，能祛除气痛，针刺两乳部位。胁痛只需阳陵泉穴。公孙穴和内关穴能使腹痛停止。六经疟疾的道理在《素问》中有详述。又刺手指末端和舌下紫筋（危氏刺手十指指尖及舌下紫肿筋出血）。痢疾适宜取合谷穴和足三里穴（邪气侵犯气分为白痢，针刺此二穴）。严重者必须兼刺中膂俞穴（邪气侵犯血分为赤痢，刺小肠俞穴）。心胸痞满，取阴陵泉穴。针刺到承山穴，饮食胃口变好。泄泻、肚胀等各种疾病，足三里和内庭穴的功效无与伦比。水肿病，取水分穴和复溜穴（一说泻水分穴，先用小针，后用太针，用鸡翎管穿透，水出浊者死，清者生，急服紧皮丸收敛。若是脚肿欲放水，于复溜穴取之。水分穴针刺不及艾灸）。胀满病，揣按中脘穴和足三里穴。腰痛，环跳穴和委中穴是神效穴位。若连带背痛，昆仑穴有威武之功。腰腿俱疼，髋骨穴升提（旧本误作腕骨），三里穴降下，随拜跪动作调理。腰连脚痛怎么主治？环跳穴、行间穴和风市穴。脚膝诸痛取行间穴。足三里、申脉穴和金门穴广泛适用。脚若转筋、眼花，然谷穴和承山穴的方法自古就有。两足难移，先刺悬钟穴，后针条口穴能恢复步履。膝下酸麻，补太溪穴。仆参穴和内庭穴治疗脚盘痛和脚跟痛（脚盘痛刺内庭，脚跟痛刺仆参）。脚连胁腋疼痛难当，环跳穴、阳陵泉穴在内捣治。冷风湿痹，针刺环跳穴。阳陵泉穴和足三里穴可用烧针尾法（用燔针，知痛即止）。七疝病，取大敦穴和太冲穴。男女五淋病，血海穴可通调。大便虚秘，补支沟穴。泻足三里穴效果可媲美。热秘和气秘，先取长强穴，大敦穴和阳陵泉穴可调理保护。小便不通，取阴陵泉穴。泻足三里穴，排尿如注。内伤食积，针刺足三里穴，璇玑穴相应，肿块也能消除。脾病涉及气血，先取合谷穴，后取三阴交穴，针用烧法。一切内伤病，内关穴可治。痰火积块，退除烦热潮热。吐血，尺泽穴功效无与伦比。衄血（鼻出血），取上星穴和禾髎穴。喘息，取列缺穴和足三里穴。呕噎，不可饶过阴交穴。劳宫穴能治疗五种痫证。再刺涌泉穴，疾病如挑除般迅速消失。神门穴专治心痴呆。人中穴和间使穴能祛除癫狂妖邪。尸厥鬼迷，取百会穴。再针刺隐白穴和神门穴（《缪刺论》又说用竹管吹两耳）。妇人经闭，泻合谷穴。足三里至阴穴催发孕妊（虚者更补合谷穴）。死胎胞衣不得下，寻取阴交穴、照海穴和内关穴（泻法）。小儿惊风，取少商穴。人中穴和涌泉穴针刺不要深。痈疽初起，审察其穴位，只刺阳经不刺阴经（详见卷五）。伤寒流注病，分手足治疗，太冲穴和内庭穴可浮沉取之。
(From *Yixue Rumen*)
For miscellaneous diseases, select acupoints flexibly according to the condition. Simultaneously combine the use of Yuan-Source points (Yuan points), He-Sea points (He points), and Eight Confluent points (Eight Methods). The intersections of meridians are detailed in separate records; the Back-Shu points (Shu-Mu points) and Front-Mu points (Shu-Mu points) of Zang-Fu organs should be carefully considered as the starting point for treatment. The theories of Gen-Jie (Root and Terminal) and Ben-Biao (Root and Branch) are originally very subtle. The locations of Si-Guan (Four Gates) and San-Bu (Three Parts) must be clearly understood.
On the first day of Shanghan (Cold Damage), puncture Fengfu (GV16). Acupoints are selected sequentially according to Yin-Yang meridian differentiation: On the first day of Shanghan, it involves the Taiyang Meridian, so Fengfu (GV16) is taken; if the pathogen is in the exterior, puncture acupoints of the Three Yang meridians; if in the interior, puncture acupoints of the Three Yin meridians; if after passing through one stage there is still no sweating, Qimen (LR14) and Zusanli (ST36) can be punctured; only Yin syndromes are suitable for moxibustion on Guanyuan (CV4). The methods of inducing sweating (Sweating method), vomiting (Vomiting method), and purging (Purging method) have no other secrets.
Sweating Method: Puncture Hegu (LI4), perform 81 manipulations (9x9), rub and twist dozens of times until sweat appears. Then apply reducing method. When sweating stops and the body warms, withdraw the needle. If sweating does not stop, puncture Yinshi (ST32) and Fuliou (KI7) along with Hegu (LI4).
Vomiting Method: Puncture Neiguan (PC6) and apply reinforcing method to lift Qi upward. Push and manipulate the needle once more; let the patient呼 several times to induce vomiting. If vomiting does not stop, reinforce Zusanli (ST36).
Purging Method: Puncture Sanyinjiao (SP6), complete six Yin manipulations. Hold breath through mouth and nose, distend abdomen and swallow air. To prepare for purging, insert the needle once then apply reducing method. If diarrhea does not stop, puncture Hegu (LI4) and perform nine Yang manipulations.
For all headaches and fever caused by Wind-Cold, Summer-Heat, and Dampness pathogens, Waiguan (TE5) is the primary treatment. For diseases of the head, face, ears, eyes, mouth, and nose, Quchi (LI11) and Hegu (LI4) are the main treatments. For lateral or frontal headaches, puncture Lieque (LU7) and Taiyuan (LU9) on both sides, without reinforcing. For Head-Wind, dizziness, and neck stiffness (stiffness), take Shenmai (BL62) and Jinmen (BL60). Shousanli (LI10) can also be used. For red eyes, take Yingxiang (LI20) (inside the nose). For bleeding anomalies (head), take Linqi (GB15), Taichong (LR3), and Hegu (LI4) as partners (all reducing). For deafness, take Xiaxi (GB43) and Jinmen (BL60). Puncturing Hegu (LI4) restores hearing. For nasal obstruction, Biyuan (sinusitis), and nasal polyps, randomly select Hegu (LI4) and Taichong (LR3). For trismus (lockjaw), facial paralysis, and excessive salivation, Dican (ST4) and Jiache (ST6) can still be utilized. For mouth and tongue ulcers, puncture the sublingual orifices (veins under the tongue) with a three-edged needle; this is not crude but precise. For cracked tongue with bleeding, puncture Neiguan (PC6). Taichong (LR3) and Sanyinjiao (SP6) regulate upper body conditions. For coating on the tongue, Hegu (LI4) should be taken. Shousanli (LI10) treats tongue wind tremors. For toothache and facial swelling, Jiache (ST6) is divine. Hegu (LI4) and Linqi (GB15) should be reduced moderately.
"Er Ling" refers to Da-Ling (PC7, Hand Jueyin Yuan-Source) and Yang-Ling (GB34, Foot Shaoyang He-Sea). "Er Qiao" refers to Yin-Qiao Zhao-Hai (KI6) and Yang-Qiao Shen-Mai (BL62), plus Yin-Yang Jiao (Sanyinjiao SP6 and Yangjiao GB35). These points interact for the head, neck, hands, and feet. Liang-Jing (Two Jing points, e.g., Shangyang LI1, Zhongchong PC9) and Liang-Shang (Two Shang points, e.g., Shangyang LI1, Shaoshao SR11) along with Er-Jian (LI2) and San-Jian (LI3) properly treat various wind disorders of the hand. Pain radiating from fingers to shoulder: Hegu (LI4) and Taichong (LR3) can relieve suffering. Shousanli (LI10) treats shoulder pain radiating to the spine; the area behind the heart is called Zhongzhu (TE3). For cold cough, only reinforce Hegu (LI4). For excess patterns, reduce Sanyinjiao (SP6) to stop symptoms. For Huoluan (cholera-like syndrome), Zhongwan (CV12) can be needled deeply. Zusanli (ST36) and Neiting (ST44) receive appropriate reduction. For heart pain and regurgitation, puncture Laogong (PC8). Shaose (SI1), Shangwan (CV13), and Zhongwan (CV12) act as partners. For heart pain with hand tremors, seek Shaohai (HT3). For bilateral leg spasms, observe Yinshi (ST32). Taiyuan (LU9) and Lieque (LU7) are connected and can dispel Qi pain; puncture the bilateral breast areas. For hypochondriac pain, only Yanglingquan (GB34) is needed. Gongsun (SP4) and Neiguan (PC6) stop abdominal pain. The principles of Six-Meridian Malaria are detailed in *Suwen*. Also puncture the finger tips and purple veins under the tongue (Wei Shi punctures ten finger tips and bleeds purple swollen veins under the tongue). For dysentery, Hegu (LI4) and Zusanli (ST36) are suitable (for white dysentery due to Qi invasion, needle these two); for severe cases, additionally puncture Zhonglvshu (BL28) (for red dysentery due to Blood invasion, needle Xiaochangshu BL27). For chest and epigastric fullness, take Yinlingquan (SP9). Needling to Chengshan (BL57) improves appetite. For diarrhea and abdominal distension of various kinds, Zusanli (ST36) and Neiting (ST44) have unparalleled merit. For edema, take Shuifen (CV9) and Fuliou (KI7) (Some say reduce Shuifen: first use a small needle, then a large needle, penetrate with a chicken feather tube; if turbid water comes out, death ensues; if clear water, life returns. Take tight-skin pill immediately to consolidate. For foot swelling requiring drainage, take Fuliou (KI7). Shuifen needling is inferior to moxibustion). For distension and fullness, palpate Zhongwan (CV12) and Zusanli (ST36). For lower back pain, Huantiao (GB30) and Weizhong (BL40) are divine. If accompanied by back pain, Kunlun (BL60) has powerful effects. For waist and leg pain together, Hugutong (GB30 - old text error Wanggu) lifts up, while Zusanli (ST36) lowers down, coordinating with bowing and kneeling movements. How to treat waist and leg pain? Huantiao (GB30), Xingjian (LR2), and Fengshi (GB31). For foot and knee pains, take Xingjian (LR2). Zusanli (ST36), Shenmai (BL62), and Jinmen (BL60) are broadly applicable. For foot cramps and blurred vision, RanGu (KI2) and Chengshan (BL57) methods are ancient. For difficulty moving both legs, first puncture Xuanzhong (GB39), then Houxi (SI3) enables walking. For soreness and numbness below the knee, reinforce Taixi (KI3). Pugen (BL60) and Neiting (ST44) treat sole pain and heel pain (sole pain needle Neiting, heel pain needle Pugen). For pain connecting foot to hypochondrium and axilla, Huantiao (GB30), Yanglingquan (GB34), and internal manipulation are used. For cold-damp bi syndrome, needle Huantiao (GB30). Yanglingquan (GB34) and Zusanli (ST36) can use burning needle tail method (use burning needle, stop when sensation is felt). For seven types of hernia, take Dadun (LR1) and Taichong (LR3). For five types of stranguria in men and women, Xuehai (SP10) can unblock. For deficiency constipation, reinforce Zhigou (TE6). Reducing Zusanli (ST36) yields comparable efficacy. For heat constipation and Qi stagnation constipation, first take Changqiang (GV1); Dadun (LR1) and Yanglingquan (GB34) can regulate and protect. For urinary retention, take Yinlingquan (SP9). Reducing Zusanli (ST36) causes urine to flow like a stream. For internal injury and food stagnation, needle Zusanli (ST36); Xuanti (CV15) corresponds, and masses also dissipate. For Spleen disease involving Qi and Blood, first take Hegu (LI4), then Sanyinjiao (SP6), using burning needle technique. For all internal injuries, Neiguan (PC6) treats Phlegm-Fire and accumulated masses, retreating vexation and tidal fever. For hematemesis (vomiting blood), Chize (LU5) has unparalleled merit. For epistaxis (nosebleed), take Shangxing (GV23) and Heliao (LI18). For panting/asthma, take Lieque (LU7) and Zusanli (ST36). For vomiting and choking, do not neglect Yinjiao (RN13). Laogong (PC8) treats five types of epilepsy. Additionally puncture Yongquan (KI1); diseases are removed swiftly like picking thorns. Shenmen (HT7) specifically treats mental dullness. Renzhong (GV26) and Jianshi (PC5) dispel mania and madness. For corpse-like fainting or spirit possession, take Baihui (GV20). Additionally puncture Yinbai (SP1) and Shenmen (HT7) (*Miaoci Lun* also says blow into both ears with a bamboo tube). For female amenorrhea, reduce Hegu (LI4). Zusanli (ST36) and Zhiyin (BL67) induce pregnancy (reinforce Hegu for deficiency). For retained dead fetus or placenta, seek Yinjiao (RN13), Zhaohai (KI6), and Neiguan (PC6) (reduce). For pediatric convulsions, take Shaoshang (LU11). Renzhong (GV26) and Yongquan (KI1) should be needled shallowly. For early-stage carbuncles and sores, examine the acupoint; only puncture Yang meridians, not Yin meridians (see Vol 5). For Shanghan flowing accumulation, differentiate hand and foot meridians; Taichong (LR3) and Neiting (ST44) can be manipulated with floating and sinking techniques.