燥之与湿，有霄壤之殊。燥者天之气也，湿者地之气也。春月地气动而湿胜，秋月天气肃而燥胜。故
春分以后之湿，秋分以后之燥，各司其政。奈何《内经》言秋伤于燥，误作湿字，后贤弗察其讹，皆谓
秋伤于湿，如是则必指夏月之热为寒而后可。嘉言独正千古之大疑，而谓春伤于风，夏伤于暑，长夏伤
于湿，秋伤于燥，冬伤于寒，以六气分发四时。而论秋燥，则谓秋不遽燥也，大热之后，继以凉生，凉生
而热解，渐至大凉，而燥令乃行。似与沈氏所云，秋时感凉为燥病之说相同，而其用药，则制清燥救肺
汤，皆滋阴清凉之品。又谓病起于秋，而伤其燥，金受火刑。又谓燥同火
热，异于寒湿。然则安所折衷耶？燥气本凉，试观盛夏暑热熏蒸，则人身汗出潮润，深秋大凉，则肌
肤干燥。故《性理大全》谓燥属次寒，感其气者，亦必先从太阳皮毛而入。所以身热微头痛，洒淅
恶寒，皆太阳经现症。当遵内经燥淫所盛，平以苦温，香苏散之属表散其邪，此正喻所谓大凉而
燥令乃行，沈所谓秋时感凉为燥病之说也。然人但知初感之邪，必由太阳皮毛而入，而不知遂有当令
经络脏腑，应接其邪而病，况皮毛为肺之合，所以经云，秋伤于燥，上逆而咳，发为痿厥，是乘秋则
肺先受之也。阴虚肺素有热之人，其津液必不充，复感外燥，是以燥益燥。燥为金气，金位之下，火
气乘之，故深秋大凉之后，至十月而反温，温从燥生也。燥热相合，则肺气失清肃下行之令，以致上逆而
为咳为喘，为痞塞不通，甚至食难过膈而为呕，肺热叶焦而为痿，气逆眩仆而为厥，此嘉言所以有病
起于秋，而伤其燥，金受火刑，及燥同火热之说也。要之沈氏之论，乃感深秋燥气之凉，故用苦温表散，
喻氏之论，乃平素阴虚肺热津枯之人，复伤秋燥，燥热相合，故用滋阴清凉。二说似乎相反，而实
不相悖。又嘉言云∶左 〔小肋〕胁痛，不能转侧，咽干面尘，体无膏泽，腰痛筋挛，目昧 疮，皆燥
病之本于肝，而散见不一者，是由肺金摧肝木之故也。所以治燥病，须分肺、肝二脏。肺金自病，急宜专
力救肺，不得分功缓图，若肝先燥症，果宜急救肝叶，勿令焦损。然清肺亦为治本，盖燥气必先伤上焦
华盖，试观草木一乘金气，忽焉改容，则
上首先焦，以故肺称娇脏，畏寒畏热。但寒冷所伤者，十之二、三，火热所伤者十之七、八，寒冷所
伤，不过裹束其外，火热所伤，则更消灼其中，所以为害倍烈也。然火热伤肺，以致肺气 郁，痿喘呕
逆，而成燥剧之病，倘用辛香行气诸药，是以燥益燥，曾罔顾阴气之消亡，真同操刃。然治燥病，又当
分在表在里。有燥在表，而皮肤皴揭者，有燥在里，而精血枯涸者，不可不辨。杂病之有兼带燥症者，即
当禁用燥剂。世之患燥病者甚多，昔仲淳喜用润剂，是以疗病，投之辄效。燥病必渴，虽所致之因各异，其
为燥热亡津液则一耳。经曰∶燥胜则干。又曰∶诸涩枯涸，干痉皴揭，皆属于燥。学人审之。
羌防香苏散〔见伤寒。〕秋时感凉身热，微头痛，洒淅恶寒，谓之燥病，此方治之。
此治深秋外感燥病之方，随症加药治之。
清燥救肺汤 治秋伤于燥，上逆而咳，发为痿厥。又治诸气 郁，〔 者喘息，郁者痞闷。〕诸痿
喘呕。总属肺燥。〕
桑叶〔经霜而桑润不凋者，以之清肺热为君。〕石膏〔为臣。各五钱。〕麦冬〔三、
五钱。〕胡麻〔二钱，微研。〕生鸡子白〔润肺燥。二枚。原方用阿胶，恐无真者。〕杏仁〔
一钱，去皮尖研。〕枇杷叶〔降逆气。去毛。蜜炙。三、四片。〕甘草〔和胃气，一钱。〕人参
〔救热伤之肺气，生胃家之津液。三、五、七分。〕频频服之。〔如沃焦救焚，频则有济。〕气逆加
苏子，咳多加百
合，痰多加贝母、栝蒌，或再加牛黄，痞闷加梨汁。〔润燥。清热，而胸中之痞塞除。〕喘急加茅根。〔凉
金定喘。〕呕逆加芦根。〔清热下降。〕血枯加生地，热甚加犀角、羚羊角。〔均治热闷。〕
此方清肺润燥，降气和胃，一派甘寒之剂。嘉言谓∶诸气 郁之属于肺者，属于肺之燥也。而古今
治气郁之方，杂用辛香行气。即诸痿喘呕之属于上者，亦属于肺之燥也。而古今治法，以痿呕属阳明，但
以喘属肺，其治肺喘，非表即下，非行气即泻气，俱无一方治肺之燥，间有一、二用润剂者，又不中 ，虽
以东垣之贤，其治燥诸方，但养荣血，补肝肾，通闭结而已，未论及于肺，只因内经脱遗燥症，遂因
仍不察耳。令拟此方，大约以胃气为主。胃为肺之母也，其天冬虽能保肺，然味苦而气滞，恐反伤胃
阻痰，知母能滋肾水，俱以苦而不用。至如苦寒降火，正治之药，尤在所忌。盖肺至燥热，所存阴气
无多，更以苦寒下其气，伤其胃，其人尚有生理乎？俱宜仿此加减，以救肺之燥变生诸症，方为合法。按
古方有二冬膏，治血虚肺燥，皮肤折裂，及肺痿咳吐脓血甚妙，白蜜收之，亦不苦也。
养阴清热润燥汤〔自制〕治精血枯涸燥热。
二地〔补阴凉血。〕二冬〔清热润燥。〕山药〔补脾润燥。〕黑芝麻 肉苁蓉 牛
乳〔补血润燥。〕
此滋肾养旺，清热润燥之方，肾肝诸燥病，可仿此随症增减治之。按嘉言云∶苟其人肾水足以上升，
而交于心，则心火下降而交于肾，不传于肺，何伤燥之虞哉！即肾水或不
足，其肠胃津血足以协济上供，肺亦不致过伤也。若中下之泽尽竭，而高源之水，犹得措于不倾，必
无之事矣。故治燥病者，当知补肾水，泻心火，除胃热。
养荣润燥汤〔自制。〕治皮肤皴裂，指甲浓折，筋脉挛急，疥癣干癞。
生地 当归〔养营血，血主濡之也。〕生黄 〔益卫气，气主煦之也。〕二冬〔清
肺润燥泽肌。〕秦艽〔养血活络舒筋。〕甘菊〔疗皮肤死肌。〕首乌〔治疥癣满身。〕防
风〔风药之润济。〕薄荷〔表药之辛凉，二味为佐以通达腠理。〕绿豆〔甘寒能润皮肤。〕
此方清肺养血润燥为主，佐以通达腠理之药，盖燥虽在表，全因肺金燥热，荣血衰少，以致不能润
肌肤而养筋脉也。
燥与湿，有着天壤之别。燥是天的气，湿是地的气。春季大地之气升发而湿气偏胜，秋季天气肃杀而燥气偏胜。所以春分以后的湿气、秋分以后的燥气，各自掌管其时令的气候。为何《黄帝内经》说“秋伤于燥”，误写成了“湿”字，后世的贤者没有察觉这个错误，都说是“秋伤于湿”。如果是这样，那就必须把夏季的暑热当作寒冷来理解了。只有张介宾（字景岳，号会通，此处“嘉言”通常指喻昌，字嘉言，原文可能有误或特指某位医家观点，但根据上下文“清燥救肺汤”作者为喻嘉言，故此处“嘉言”指喻昌）独自纠正了千古的大疑惑，认为应该是：春伤于风，夏伤于暑，长夏伤于湿，秋伤于燥，冬伤于寒，将六气分别对应四个季节。而在论述秋燥时，他说秋天不会立刻变燥，是在大热之后，接着产生凉意；凉意产生而热气消退，逐渐变得非常凉爽，此时燥令才真正施行。这似乎与沈氏所说的“秋天感受凉气导致燥病”的说法相同，但在用药上，他制定了清燥救肺汤，使用的都是滋阴清凉的药物。他又说疾病起于秋季，是因为受了燥邪，肺金受到火邪的克制。他还说燥等同于火热，不同于寒湿。那么究竟该如何折中呢？
燥气本质上是凉的，试看盛夏暑热熏蒸时，人身出汗潮湿润泽；深秋大凉时，肌肤干燥。所以《性理大全》说燥属于次寒，感受这种邪气的人，也必然先从太阳经皮毛而入。因此出现身热、轻微头痛、洒淅恶寒等症状，这些都是太阳经的表现症状。应当遵循《内经》所说“燥淫所盛，平以苦温”，使用香苏散之类的方剂在表发散邪气，这正是喻氏所说的“大凉而燥令乃行”、沈氏所说的“秋天感受凉气导致燥病”的说法。然而人们只知道初感的邪气必然从太阳皮毛而入，却不知道随之会有当令的经络脏腑承接邪气而发病，况且皮毛是肺的外合，所以经文说：“秋伤于燥，上逆而咳，发为痿厥”，这是乘袭秋季时肺先受邪的缘故。
阴虚且肺素有热的人，他的津液必然不充足，如果再感受外来的燥邪，就会使燥更甚。燥属于金气，在金位的下面，火气会乘虚而入，所以在深秋大凉之后，到了十月反而温暖，这种温暖是从燥中产生的。燥热相结合，就会导致肺气失去清肃下行的功能，从而引起上逆而咳嗽气喘，胸膈痞塞不通，甚至饮食难以下咽而呕吐，肺热叶焦而形成痿证，气逆眩晕仆倒而形成厥证。这就是喻嘉言所以说“病起于秋，而伤其燥，金受火刑”，以及“燥同火热”说法的原因。总之，沈氏的论点，是感受深秋燥气的凉性，所以用苦温药发散表邪；喻氏的论点，是针对平时阴虚肺热津枯的人，再遭受秋燥，燥热相结合，所以用滋阴清凉的药。这两种说法看似相反，实则并不矛盾。
另外喻嘉言说：左侧胁痛，不能转侧，咽喉干燥，面色如蒙尘，身体没有光泽，腰痛筋脉拘挛，视力模糊生疮，这些都是燥病源于肝脏，分散表现不一的情况，这是由于肺金克制肝木的缘故。所以治疗燥病，必须区分肺、肝两脏。如果是肺金自病，急需专心全力救肺，不得分散精力缓慢图治；如果是肝先出现燥症，果真应该急救肝叶，不要让它焦损。然而清肺也是治本的方法，因为燥气必定先伤害上焦的华盖（指肺），试看草木一旦遇到金气，忽然改变容貌，则上面首先受影响的是上焦，所以肺被称为娇脏，既怕寒又怕热。但是被寒冷伤害的，占十之二三；被火热伤害的，占十之七八。被寒冷伤害，不过是束缚在外；被火热伤害，则会消灼在内，所以危害加倍猛烈。
然而火热伤肺，导致肺气郁结，形成痿、喘、呕、逆等燥剧之病，如果此时使用辛香行气的药物，就是以燥助燥，完全不顾阴气的消亡，真是如同持刀杀人。然而治疗燥病，又应当分清楚是在表还是在里。有燥在表，表现为皮肤皴裂脱屑的；有燥在里，表现为精血枯涸的，不可不辨别。杂病中兼带燥症的，就应当禁用燥剂。世上患燥病的人很多，过去仲淳（陈实功之子陈文治，字仲淳）喜欢用润剂，所以治病，投药往往有效。燥病必定口渴，虽然所致原因各异，但都是燥热亡失津液这一点是一样的。经文说：“燥胜则干。”又说：“诸涩枯涸，干痉皴揭，皆属于燥。”学人应当仔细审察。
羌防香苏散〔见伤寒篇〕：治疗秋天感受凉气，身热，轻微头痛，洒淅恶寒，称为燥病，此方主治。这是治疗深秋外感燥病的方子，随症状加减药物使用。
清燥救肺汤：治疗秋伤于燥，气机上逆而咳嗽，发为痿厥。又治疗各种气郁〔郁者喘息，郁者痞闷〕、各种痿证、喘证、呕吐。总属肺燥。
桑叶〔经霜后滋润不凋落的桑叶，用它清肺热作为君药。〕石膏〔作为臣药。各五钱。〕麦冬〔三至五钱。〕胡麻仁〔二钱，微研碎。〕生鸡子白〔润肺燥。两个。原方用阿胶，恐怕没有真品。〕杏仁〔一钱，去皮尖研碎。〕枇杷叶〔降逆气。去毛。蜜炙。三至四片。〕甘草〔和胃气，一钱。〕人参〔救治热伤之肺气，滋生胃家之津液。三至五分。〕频频服用。〔如同浇灌焦土拯救火灾，频繁服用才有济效。〕气逆加紫苏子，咳嗽多加百合，痰多加贝母、瓜蒌，或者再加牛黄，痞闷加梨汁。〔润燥清热，胸中的痞塞消除。〕喘急加白茅根。〔凉金定喘。〕呕逆加芦根。〔清热下降。〕血枯加生地黄，热甚加犀角、羚羊角。〔均治热闷。〕
此方清肺润燥，降气和胃，是一派甘寒的药物。喻嘉言说：各种气郁属于肺的，属于肺的燥邪。而古今治疗气郁的方子，杂用辛香行气药。即使各种痿、喘、呕属于上焦的，也属于肺的燥邪。而古今治法，认为痿、呕属于阳明经，只把喘归属于肺，治疗肺喘，不是解表就是攻下，不是行气就是泻气，都没有一方专门治疗肺的燥邪，间或使用润剂的，又不中肯綮。即使是李东垣这样的贤者，他治疗燥的各种方子，只是养荣血，补肝肾，通闭结而已，没有论及到肺，只是因为《内经》脱漏遗忘了燥症，于是沿袭未加考察罢了。现在我拟定此方，大约以胃气为主。胃是肺的母亲，其中的天冬虽然能保肺，但味道苦而气滞，恐怕反而伤胃阻痰；知母能滋肾水，也都因为味苦而不采用。至于苦寒降火的正治药物，更是所忌讳的。因为肺已经极度燥热，所存的阴气无多，再用苦寒药下行其气，损伤其胃，这人还有生机吗？都应该仿照此方加减，以救治因肺燥变生出的各种病症，这才是合法度。按古方有二冬膏，治疗血虚肺燥，皮肤折裂，以及肺痿咳吐脓血非常奇妙，用白蜜收膏，也不苦。
养阴清热润燥汤〔自制〕：治疗精血枯涸导致的燥热。
生地黄、熟地黄〔补阴凉血。〕天冬、麦冬〔清热润燥。〕山药〔补脾润燥。〕黑芝麻、肉苁蓉、牛乳〔补血润燥。〕
此方滋肾养旺，清热润燥，肾肝诸燥病，可仿照此方随症增减治疗。按喻嘉言说：假如这个人肾水充足以上升，而与心相交，则心火下降而与肾相交，不传于肺，有什么担忧燥伤害的呢！即使肾水不足，肠胃的津血足以协济上供，肺也不会过度受伤。如果中下的沼泽全部枯竭，而高源的水还能保持不倾覆，一定是没有的事。所以治疗燥病的人，应当知道补肾水，泻心火，除胃热。
养荣润燥汤〔自制〕：治疗皮肤皴裂，指甲浓折，筋脉挛急，疥癣干癞。
生地黄、当归〔养营血，血主濡养身体。〕生黄芪、〔益卫气，气主温煦身体。〕天冬、麦冬〔清肺润燥泽肌。〕秦艽〔养血活络舒筋。〕甘菊〔疗皮肤死肌。〕何首乌〔治疥癣满身。〕防风〔风药中的润剂。〕薄荷〔表药中的辛凉之品，这两味作为佐药以通达腠理。〕绿豆〔甘寒能润皮肤。〕
此方以清肺养血润燥为主，佐以通达腠理的药物，因为燥虽然在表，全因肺金燥热，营血衰少，以致不能润肌肤而养筋脉。
Dryness and dampness differ as much as heaven and earth. Dryness is the Qi of Heaven, while dampness is the Qi of Earth. In spring, the Qi of the Earth rises and dampness prevails; in autumn, the Qi of Heaven becomes solemn and dryness prevails. Therefore, after the Spring Equinox, dampness governs, and after the Autumn Equinox, dryness governs. Why does the *Huangdi Neijing* (Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon) state "Autumn injury by dryness" (Qiu shang yu zao), mistakenly written as "dampness"? Later scholars failed to notice this error and all claimed "Autumn injury by dampness." If this were true, one would have to regard the summer heat as cold. Only Yu Jia Yan (Yu Chang, courtesy name Jiayan) alone corrected this millennium-old doubt, asserting that it should be: "Spring injury by wind, Summer injury by summer-heat, Late Summer injury by dampness, Autumn injury by dryness, Winter injury by cold," distributing the Six Qi across the four seasons. Regarding autumn dryness, he stated that autumn does not become dry immediately; rather, after intense heat, coolness arises. As coolness emerges and heat dissipates, gradually becoming very cool, the command of dryness then takes effect. This seems similar to Shen's theory that "contracting coolness in autumn causes dryness disease." However, regarding medication, Yu formulated Qing Zao Jiu Fei Tang (Clear Dryness Rescue Lung Decoction), using only Yin-nourishing and cooling agents. He also stated that diseases arising in autumn are due to dryness injury, where Metal suffers from Fire punishment. Furthermore, he claimed dryness is identical to fire-heat and differs from cold-dampness. So how should one reconcile these views?
The nature of dryness Qi is cool. Observe that during midsummer when summer-heat steams, the body sweats and remains moist; in late autumn when great coolness arrives, the skin becomes dry. Thus, *Xingli Daquan* states that dryness belongs to secondary cold. Those contracting this pathogen enter first through the Taiyang (Greater Yang) exterior. Consequently, symptoms such as fever, slight headache, and chills with shivering manifest as Taiyang channel syndromes. One should follow the *Neijing* principle: "When dryness dominates, treat with bitter-warm," using formulas like Xiang Su San (Fragrant Perilla Powder) to disperse the pathogen from the exterior. This aligns with Yu's view that "great coolness leads to the command of dryness" and Shen's view that "contracting coolness in autumn causes dryness disease." However, people only know that initial pathogens enter via the Taiyang exterior, failing to realize that the meridians and organs corresponding to the current season subsequently receive the pathogen and become diseased. Since the skin and hair are the exterior correspondence of the Lung, the classic text says: "Autumn injury by dryness causes upward rebellion and cough, leading to flaccidity and syncope." This indicates that in autumn, the Lung is affected first.
In individuals with Yin deficiency and pre-existing Lung heat, their Jin-Ye (Body Fluids) are inevitably insufficient. If they further contract external dryness, the dryness intensifies. Dryness belongs to Metal. Below the position of Metal, Fire Qi attacks. Thus, after the great coolness of late autumn, warmth returns in the tenth month; this warmth arises from dryness. When dryness and heat combine, Lung Qi loses its clear, descending, and purifying function, leading to upward rebellion causing cough and wheezing, chest fullness and obstruction, difficulty swallowing food leading to vomiting, Lung heat scorching the leaves resulting in flaccidity syndrome, and Qi rebellion causing dizziness and collapse (Jue syndrome). This explains why Yu Jiayan said "disease begins in autumn, injuring dryness, Metal suffers Fire punishment," and "dryness is akin to fire-heat."
In summary, Shen's argument concerns contracting the coolness of late autumn dryness, hence using bitter-warm herbs to release the exterior. Yu's argument addresses individuals who are chronically Yin-deficient with Lung heat and dried fluids, who then suffer autumn dryness, causing dryness-heat combination; thus, Yin-nourishing and cooling methods are used. These two theories seem opposite but are actually not contradictory.
Furthermore, Yu Jiayan stated: Left hypochondriac pain, inability to turn the side, dry throat, dusty complexion, lack of luster in the body, lower back pain, and tendon contraction, blurred vision, and sores are all root causes of dryness originating in the Liver, appearing variably. This is due to Lung Metal suppressing Liver Wood. Therefore, treating dryness disease requires distinguishing between the Lung and Liver organs. If the Lung Metal is primarily diseased, urgent and focused effort must be made to rescue the Lung, without delaying or dividing efforts. If the Liver shows dryness symptoms first, urgent rescue of the Liver is needed to prevent scorched damage. However, clearing the Lung is also addressing the root, as dryness Qi first injures the Upper Jiao Huagai (Lung). Observing that plants change appearance upon encountering Metal Qi, the Upper Jiao is affected first. Hence, the Lung is called the "Delicate Organ," fearing both cold and heat. Cold injuries account for 20-30%, while heat-fire injuries account for 70-80%. Cold merely binds externally, whereas heat-fire scorches internally, causing double the harm.
Heat-fire injuring the Lung causes Qi stagnation, leading to severe dryness diseases characterized by flaccidity, wheezing, vomiting, and rebellion. Using acrid-aromatic Qi-moving drugs at this stage increases dryness, ignoring the consumption of Yin Qi, which is akin to wielding a knife against life. However, treating dryness disease requires distinguishing whether the pathogen is in the Exterior or Interior. There is dryness in the Exterior presenting as skin cracking and peeling, and dryness in the Interior presenting with exhaustion of Essence and Blood. These must be differentiated. For miscellaneous diseases accompanied by dryness symptoms, drying agents must be strictly contraindicated. Many suffer from dryness disease today. In the past, Zhong Chun (Chen Shigong's son) favored moistening agents, achieving immediate efficacy. Dryness disease invariably involves thirst. Although etiologies vary, the result is always the loss of Jin-Ye due to dryness-heat. The Classics state: "Excess dryness leads to dryness." And: "All astringency, withering, drying, spasms, and cracking belong to dryness." Students should examine this carefully.
**Qiang Fang Xiang Su San** [See Shanghan]: Treats autumn contraction of coolness causing fever, slight headache, and chills, termed dryness disease. This formula treats late autumn external contraction of dryness; modify according to symptoms.
**Qing Zao Jiu Fei Tang** (Clear Dryness Rescue Lung Decoction): Treats autumn injury by dryness causing upward rebellion and cough, leading to flaccidity and syncope. Also treats various Qi stagnations [stagnation causing wheezing, constraint causing fullness], various flaccidity syndromes, wheezing, and vomiting. All belong to Lung dryness.
* **Sang Ye** (Folium Mori, Mulberry Leaf): [Use mulberry leaves that remain moist and do not wither after frost] as the Sovereign herb to clear Lung heat.
* **Shi Gao** (Gypsum Fibrosum, Gypsum): Minister herb. Each 5 qian.
* **Mai Dong** (Radix Ophiopogonis, Ophiopogon Root): 3-5 qian.
* **Hu Ma** (Semen Sesami Nigrum, Black Sesame Seed): 2 qian, slightly crushed.
* **Sheng Ji Zi Bai** (Albumen Ovum, Egg White): Moisten Lung dryness. Two eggs. The original formula uses Ejiao (Donkey-hide Gelatin), but authenticity is doubtful.
* **Xing Ren** (Semen Pruni Armeniacae, Apricot Seed): 1 qian, peeled, core removed, crushed.
* **Pi Pa Ye** (Folium Eriobotryae, Loquat Leaf): Directs rebellious Qi downward. Remove hairs, honey-fried. 3-4 slices.
* **Gan Cao** (Radix Glycyrrhizae, Licorice Root): Harmonizes Stomach Qi. 1 qian.
* **Ren Shen** (Radix Ginseng, Ginseng Root): Rescues Lung Qi injured by heat, generates Stomach fluids. 3-5 fen.
Take frequently. [Like watering scorched earth to save a fire, frequent administration provides relief.] Add Zi Su Zi (Fructus Perillae) for rebellious Qi, Bai He (Bulbus Lilii) for increased cough, Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae) and Gua Lou (Fructus Trichosanthis) for increased phlegm, or add Niu Huang (Calculus Bovis, Calculus Bos Taurus) if necessary. Add Li Zhi (Fructus Pyri, Pear Juice) for chest fullness. [Moistens dryness, clears heat, removes chest obstruction.] Add Mao Gen (Rhizoma Imperatae, Imperata Rhizome) for urgent wheezing. [Cools Metal, calms wheezing.] Add Lu Gen (Rhizoma Phragmitis, Reed Rhizome) for vomiting/rebellion. [Clears heat, directs downward.] Add Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, Prepared Rehmannia Root) for blood exhaustion; add Xi Jiao (Cornu Rhinocerotis, Rhino Horn) and Ling Yang Jiao (Cornu Saigae Tataricae, Saiga Antelope Horn) for severe heat. [Both treat heat oppression.]
This formula clears the Lung, moistens dryness, directs Qi downward, and harmonizes the Stomach. It consists entirely of sweet-cold herbs. Yu Jiayan stated: Various Qi stagnations belonging to the Lung belong to Lung dryness. Yet ancient and modern formulas for Qi stagnation mix acrid-aromatic Qi-moving drugs. Even for flaccidity, wheezing, and vomiting belonging to the Upper Jiao, which belong to Lung dryness, modern treatments attribute flaccidity and vomiting to the Yangming channel, reserving wheezing solely for the Lung. Treating Lung wheezing involves either releasing the exterior or purging downward, moving Qi or draining Qi. No formula specifically treats Lung dryness. Rarely are moistening agents used, and even then, they miss the mark. Even Li Dongyuan, though virtuous, only nourished Ying-Blood, tonified Liver-Kidney, and opened blockages in his dryness formulas, never mentioning the Lung. This was because the *Neijing* omitted dryness syndromes, leading to uncritical adherence. My proposed formula focuses mainly on Stomach Qi. The Stomach is the Mother of the Lung. While Tian Dong (Radix Asparagi) can protect the Lung, its bitter taste and stagnant Qi may harm the Stomach and obstruct phlegm. Zhi Mu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae) nourishes Kidney Water but is also bitter and thus avoided. Bitter-cold fire-purging drugs, though standard treatments, are especially contraindicated. When the Lung is extremely dry and hot, remaining Yin Qi is scarce. Using bitter-cold drugs to drain Qi and harm the Stomach leaves no room for survival. Modifications should follow this pattern to rescue the Lung from dryness-induced complications. Note: Ancient Er Dong Gao (Two Winter Pastes) treats blood deficiency and Lung dryness, skin cracking, and Lung fei with pus/blood expectoration excellently, preserved with white honey, avoiding bitterness.
**Yang Yin Qing Re Run Zao Tang** (Nourish Yin Clear Heat Moisten Dryness Decoction) [Self-made]: Treats dryness-heat from exhaustion of Essence and Blood.
* **Er Di** (Radix Rehmanniae Preparata & Radix Rehmanniae Recens, Prepared and Raw Rehmannia Roots): Tonify Yin, cool blood.
* **Er Dong** (Radix Asparagi & Radix Ophiopogonis, Asparagus and Ophiopogon Roots): Clear heat, moisten dryness.
* **Shan Yao** (Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Yam Rhizome): Tonify Spleen, moisten dryness.
* **Hei Zhi Ma** (Semen Sesami Nigrum, Black Sesame), **Rou Cong Rong** (Herba Cistanche, Cistanche Herb), **Niu Nai** (Ovis Lac, Cow's Milk): Tonify blood, moisten dryness.
This formula nourishes the Kidney, strengthens vitality, clears heat, and moistens dryness. Kidney and Liver dryness diseases can be treated by modifying this formula. Yu Jiayan stated: If Kidney Water is sufficient to ascend and interact with Heart Fire, Heart Fire descends to interact with Kidney Water, preventing transmission to the Lung, what fear of dryness injury exists? Even if Kidney Water is insufficient, if Intestine-Stomach fluids and blood are sufficient to assist and supply upwards, the Lung will not be excessively injured. If the waters of the Middle and Lower Jiao are completely exhausted, expecting the water of the High Source to remain stable is impossible. Therefore, treating dryness requires knowing to tonify Kidney Water, purge Heart Fire, and eliminate Stomach Heat.
**Yang Ying Run Zao Tang** (Nourish Ying Moisten Dryness Decoction) [Self-made]: Treats skin cracking, brittle nails, tendon spasm, scabies, tinea, and dry leprosy.
* **Sheng Di Huang** (Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, Prepared Rehmannia Root), **Dang Gui** (Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Chinese Angelic Root): Nourish Ying-Blood; Blood moistens the body.
* **Sheng Huang Qi** (Radix Astragali Membranacei, Astragalus Root), [Tonify Wei-Qi; Qi warms the body.]
* **Er Dong** (Radix Asparagi & Radix Ophiopogonis, Asparagus and Ophiopogon Roots): Clear Lung, moisten dryness, lustrify muscle.
* **Qin Jiao** (Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae, Gentian Root): Nourish blood, activate collaterals, relax tendons.
* **Gan Ju** (Flos Chrysanthemi Indici, Chrysanthemum Flower): Treat dead skin.
* **Shou Wu** (Radix Polygoni Multiflori Preparata, Prepared Fleeceflower Root): Treat widespread scabies/tinea.
* **Fang Feng** (Radix Saposhnikoviae, Saposhnikovia Root): A moistening agent among Wind-dispelling herbs.
* **Bo He** (Herba Menthae Haplocalycis, Mint Herb): A pungent-cooling agent among Exterior-releasing herbs. These two serve as Assistants to unblock the Cou-Li (interstices).
* **Lu Dou** (Semen Phaseoli Radiati, Mung Bean): Sweet-cold, moistens skin.
This formula primarily clears the Lung, nourishes blood, and moistens dryness, assisted by herbs that unblock the Cou-Li. Although dryness is in the Exterior, it is fundamentally due to Lung Metal dryness-heat and decline of Ying-Blood, failing to moisten muscles and nourish tendons.