无病，关滑为宿食，意乳母致之，乳母必嗜酒，酒后辄乳，故令女醉，非风也。
询之如其言，饮以枳 子、葛花，遂如常。（《古今医案》）
俗云∶要得小儿安，常带三分饥与寒。此说甚伪。要知小儿脏腑脆薄，饥饱寒暑皆不能耐，全赖调
养得宜。若带三分饥寒，恐带饥则多啼哭，带寒则多感冒，诚不宜也。盖要得小儿安，须
常调饥与寒。大约调养之法，只要先饥与食，不可过饱；先寒与衣，不可太暖。非独小儿为然，凡虚弱衰
老病后之人，俱当如此调养。（《传家宝》）
凡乳母与儿睡时，切勿以手膀与儿枕头，恐胸膊热气，紧蒸小儿头脑，致生痈毒疮疖，此一弊也。
况又儿头与母面相对，乳母鼻息出入，吹儿囟门，日后长大时，易感风寒，动辄鼻流清涕，药不能治。
惟用新绿豆作枕，与儿枕之，最清凉，去胎毒热毒。（石天基）
幼时酷嗜甘饴，忽一日见饴中有蚯蚓，伸头而出，自此不敢
食饴，至长始知长上为之，此可为节戒之妙法。（王隐君）
小儿脾胃柔弱，其母或以口物饲之，不能克化，必致成疾。
小儿于天气和暖，宜抱出日中嬉戏，频见风日，则血肉因之紧固，可耐风寒，不致生痰。（《按摩经》）
小儿宜用菊花作枕，则清头目。（《按摩经》）
小儿不宜食肉太早，致伤脾胃。鸡肉能生蛔虫，成疳积证，非三岁以上勿食。（《按摩经》）
小儿入夏，宜缝囊盛杏仁七枚，去皮尖，随身佩之，闻雷声不惧。（《按摩经》）
小儿勿令入神庙，恐精神闪灼，致生怖畏。（《按摩经》）
小儿临浴时，须择无风密处，汤须不冷不热，适可而止，不可久在水中。冬月防其受寒，夏月恐其
伤热。但儿在周岁内，切忌频浴，以致湿热郁聚。（《医宗金鉴》）
凡儿切忌食肉，鸡肉尤忌，过食则生蛔虫。螺蛳蚪蚬鳗鳖虾蟹等类食之，则或泄或痢。（《保婴易知录》）
小儿同母睡时，切忌鼻风口气，吹儿囟门，恐成风疾。（《琐碎录》）
小儿衣裳被衲，日晒日收，不宜在外过夜，因天上有飞星恶鸟，不可干犯，小儿染着戾气，生无辜疳
，或则啼哭不止。须用醋炭熏过，或日光照过方可衣。（钱仲阳）
初生小儿，不得用油腻手绷裹。春忌覆顶裹足，夏忌饮冷食冰，冬忌火炙衣被。（《小儿精要》）
凡小儿于戏谑之物，不令恣乐。刀刃凶具，无使摸捉。莫近猿猴，近则伤意。莫抱鸦雀，抱恐伤眼。
男方学语，勿令挥霍。会坐勿久，致令腰折。行莫令早，筋骨柔弱。雷鸣击鼓，莫为掩耳。睡卧须节，须令早起
。饮食休过饱，衣勿重袭。常食蔬羹，休哺美味。甘肥酸冷，姜蒜瓜菜，油腻生茄，切勿过食。夜莫停
灯，昼莫说鬼。睡莫当风，坐莫近水。笑极与和，哭极与喜，笑
哭之后，莫即与乳。（《冯氏锦囊》）
卧儿冬用水桶，夏用竹筐，必须直身向明而卧。倘背明向暗，则儿眠仰看亮光，易致目睛上窜。卧旁
切近之处，不可有悦目引看之物，致儿侧视，目睛左窜右窜。儿帽面前亦不可用五彩
之饰，亦恐惹儿仰视也。（《察儿录》）
衣儿用父故衣，女用母故衣改作，切不可过浓，恐令儿壮热，生疮发痫，皆自此始。（《千金论》）
初生小儿，未剃胎头，不与戴帽，则自幼至长，可以无伤风之患，亦永无鼻塞流涕之病。（《大生要旨》）
凡养儿寒则加衣，热则除棉，过寒则气滞而血凝，过热则汗出而腠理泄，以致风邪易入，疾病乃生
，更忌解脱当风。然无风日暖，又当抱出游戏，又不可置之地间，令着地受寒。况五脏 穴，皆系于背，肺
脏尤娇，风寒一感，毫毛毕直，皮肤闭而为病，咳嗽喘呕，肚热憎寒，故儿背宜暖也。肚者脾胃处也，胃为
水谷之海，脾为健运之司，冷则物不腐化，致多肠鸣腹痛呕吐泄泻，故儿肚宜暖也。足系阳明胃脉所络，故曰
寒从下起，故儿足宜温也。头者六阳所会也，脑为髓海，凉则坚凝，热则流泄，或囟颅肿起，头缝开解，目
疾头疮，故头宜凉也。心属离火，若外有客热，则内动心火，表里合热，轻则口干舌燥，腮红面赤，重
则啼叫惊掣，多躁烦渴，故心胸宜凉也。（《冯氏锦囊》）
儿生六十日后，则瞳子成而能笑认人，切忌生人怀抱，及见非常物类。百日则任脉成，自能反复，一百八
十日，则尻骨成，母当令儿学坐。二百四十日，则掌骨成，母当扶教匍匐。三百日则膑骨成，母当扶教儿立。
周岁之后，则膝骨成，母当扶教儿行，皆育儿一定之法。若日捧怀抱，不见风日，不着地气，以致
筋骨缓弱，数岁不行，一失调护，疾病乃生，此皆保育太过之失。（张涣）
小儿玩弄嬉戏，常在目前之物，不可强夺去之，使其生怒，
但勿令弄刀刃，衔铜钱，近水火，入庙堂，见鬼神耳。（《育婴家秘》）
凡乳母抱儿，切勿哭泣泪入儿眼，令儿眼枯。（《冯氏锦囊》）
小儿能言，必教之以正言，如鄙俚之言勿语也。能食，则教之恭敬，如亵慢之习勿作也。能坐能行，则
扶持之，勿使倾跌也。宗族乡党之人，则教以亲疏尊卑长幼之分，勿使 也。言语问答，教以诚实，勿使欺
妄也。宾客往来，教以拜揖迎送，勿使退避也。衣服器用，五谷六畜之类，遇物则教之，使其知之
也。或教以数目，或教以方隅，或教以岁月时日之类，如此则不但无疾，而知识亦早矣。（《育婴家秘》）
儿初生形骸虽具，筋骨甚柔，犹草木之柔条软梗，可曲可直，或俯或仰也。故百日之内不可竖抱，
竖抱则宜于惹惊，且必致头倾项软，有天柱倒侧之虞。半岁前不可独坐，独坐则风邪入
背，脊骨受伤，有龟背伛偻之疾。（《大生要旨》）
小儿始生，肌肤未实，宜单衣不宜暖衣，暖则筋骨缓弱，易发疮疡。宜旧絮不宜新棉，恐汗出表虚，
易受寒邪。宜见地气，尤宜见风日，不见地气风日，则肌肤柔软，易得损伤。尝见富贵之家，重茵叠被，
日在怀抱，虽数岁亦未能行。而田舍小儿，终日暴露，或饥或寒，绝无他病。譬如草木生于深山大泽中，
容易合抱，至园圃奇材异卉，纵加培植，多有秀而不实者，岂贵贱之理有异哉！（《巢氏病源》）
婴儿初生，血气未定，脏腑未备，每三十一日一变蒸，或发热，或恶寒，或吐泻，或汗，皆长血脉增智
慧之候。其指纹淡红水色如常，既无乱纹，亦无青紫赤黑之色，是为变蒸。每一变蒸，或生一脏，或生一腑，
至十变蒸而脏腑始完，胎毒始散，周岁内须知此候。然胎亢充实者不如是。（周于蕃）
每见士大夫之家，于婴儿多雇乳娘，其痛痒不甚相关，但于其哭时，恐父母闻之，或勉强与之乳食，
或暗中与以油糖饼饵粘腻生冷之物，希图不出啼哭之声，殊不知婴病每在伤食。谚云∶
要得小儿安，须带三分饥和寒。但所谓饥者，勿令过饱；寒者，勿令过暖，非令忍饥受寒之谓也。（周于蕃）
小儿有实痰壅筑喉内，吐不出，咽不入，于气海穴以手指曲节抵之，旋又放之，再将儿中指掐至尖数下，
再推涌泉穴，左转不揉，以指对抵夹车穴，用耳挖爬舌上即吐。（夏禹铸）
丹溪曰∶小儿过用棉绢温暖之服，以致阳气不舒，因多发热。即长，下体勿令过暖，盖十六岁以前，
气血方盛，如日方升，惟阴常不足耳，下体主阴，得寒凉则阴易长，过温暖则阴暗
消。故《曲礼》曰∶童子不衣裘裳。（《保婴易知录》）
小儿落下脐带，瓦上焙干为末，脐带若有五分重，入朱砂、黄连、甘草各二分五厘，和匀蜜拌，或用
生地、当归煎浓汤，调如糊，做四五次涂乳母乳头上，俟儿 之，必使一日夜 尽，
次日大便遗下秽污浊垢之物，皆恶毒也。日后不但痘稀，可免变黑归肾之患。竟有不出者，亦无囟门不合
之疾。须候脐带落下，即便制服，在六七日间为妙，其朱砂须研极细末，以甘草汤飞过，此乃真保生最上一
乘良法，一以解毒，一以补肾。盖脐带乃有生之河车，系于母之命门，两肾之所生，以肾补肾故耳。（《保
婴易知录》）
凡富贵之家，不宜为儿新制绫罗华丽之服，当知为儿惜福也。（《琢王篇》）
没有疾病，脉象关部滑利表示有宿食积滞，推测是乳母造成的。乳母必定嗜好饮酒，酒后立即哺乳，导致婴儿醉酒，这并非风邪所致。
询问后情况确实如此，给予枳棋子、葛花煎服，婴儿随即恢复正常。（《古今医案》）
俗语说：“要使小儿安宁，常带三分饥与寒。”这种说法非常错误。要知道小儿脏腑脆弱单薄，饥饱冷热都不能耐受，完全依赖调养得当。如果带着三分饥寒，恐怕饥饿会导致多啼哭，受寒会导致多感冒，确实不适宜。大概要使小儿安宁，必须经常调节饥与寒的状态。大约调养的方法，只要先感到饥饿再喂食，不可过饱；先感到寒冷再穿衣，不可太暖。不仅小儿如此，凡是虚弱、衰老或病后的人，都应当这样调养。（《传家宝》）
凡是乳母与婴儿同睡时，切勿用手臂作为婴儿的枕头，恐怕胸膊的热气紧紧熏蒸婴儿头脑，导致生痈毒疮疖，这是一个弊端。况且婴儿头部与母亲面部相对，乳母的鼻息出入，吹向婴儿囟门，日后长大时，容易感受风寒，动不动就流清鼻涕，药物难以治愈。只能用新绿豆做枕头给婴儿枕着，最清凉，能去除胎毒热毒。（石天基）
幼时极度喜爱甜食，忽然有一天看见糖中有蚯蚓伸出头来，从此不敢吃糖，直到长大后才知道是长辈故意做的，这可以作为节制戒除嗜好的巧妙方法。（王隐君）
小儿脾胃柔弱，其母亲如果用嘴嚼碎食物喂他，不能消化，必然导致生病。
小儿在天气和暖时，适宜抱到太阳下嬉戏，频繁接触风和阳光，那么血肉因此紧固，可以耐受风寒，不至于生痰。（《按摩经》）
小儿适宜用菊花做枕头，可以清利头目。（《按摩经》）
小儿不宜过早吃肉，以免损伤脾胃。鸡肉能生蛔虫，形成疳积证，不到三岁以上不要吃。（《按摩经》）
小儿进入夏天，适宜缝制香囊盛放七枚杏仁，去皮尖，随身佩戴，听到雷声就不害怕。（《按摩经》）
不要让小儿进入神庙，恐怕精神受到惊吓闪灼，导致产生恐惧心理。（《按摩经》）
小儿洗澡时，必须选择无风的密闭处，水温要不冷不热，洗到适当程度就停止，不可在水中久泡。冬天防止受寒，夏天恐怕伤热。但是婴儿在一周岁内，切忌频繁洗澡，以致湿热郁结聚集。（《医宗金鉴》）
凡是婴儿切忌吃肉，鸡肉尤其忌讳，过食则生蛔虫。螺蛳、蝌蚪、蚬子、鳗鱼、鳖、虾、蟹等类食物吃了，要么腹泻要么痢疾。（《保婴易知录》）
小儿与母亲同睡时，切忌让母亲的鼻息口气吹向婴儿囟门，恐怕形成风疾。（《琐碎录》）
小儿的衣裳被褥，要日晒夜收，不宜在外面过夜，因为天上有飞星恶鸟，不可干犯，小儿沾染了戾气，会生出无辜疳，或者啼哭不止。必须用醋炭熏过，或者日光照过才可以穿。（钱仲阳）
初生婴儿，不要用油腻的手去绷裹。春天忌讳覆盖头顶包裹脚，夏天忌讳喝冷饮吃冰，冬天忌讳用火烤衣服被子。（《小儿精要》）
凡是小儿玩耍嬉戏的物品，不让恣意玩乐。刀刃凶器，不要让他摸捉。不要靠近猿猴，靠近则伤害心意。不要抱鸦雀，抱恐怕伤眼。
男孩学说话，不要让他挥霍无度。学会坐不要久坐，导致腰折。走路不要让他太早，筋骨柔弱。雷鸣击鼓，不要为他掩耳。睡眠休息要有节制，须让他早起。饮食不要过饱，衣服不要层层叠加。常吃蔬菜羹汤，不要喂养美味佳肴。甘甜肥腻酸冷之物，姜蒜瓜菜，油腻生茄子，切勿过食。夜里不要停灯，白天不要讲鬼故事。睡觉不要对着风，坐着不要靠近水。笑到极致要和缓，哭到极致要逗喜，哭笑之后，不要立即喂奶。（《冯氏锦囊》）
冬天给孩子睡觉用水桶（垫底），夏天用竹筐，必须让身体伸直面向光亮处躺卧。如果背对光亮面向暗处，孩子睡觉仰头看亮光，容易导致眼球上窜。卧榻旁边切近之处，不可有悦目引人观看的东西，导致孩子侧视，眼球左窜右窜。孩子的帽子前面也不可用五彩装饰，也恐怕惹孩子仰视。（《察儿录》）
给孩子穿衣服用父亲旧衣改作，女孩用母亲旧衣改作，切不可过于厚重，恐怕让孩子壮热，生疮发痫，都从这里开始。（《千金论》）
初生婴儿，未剃胎头前，不给戴帽子，那么自幼至长，可以没有伤风的隐患，也永远没有鼻塞流涕的病。（《大生要旨》）
凡是养育孩子，冷了加衣，热了脱棉，过寒则气滞而血凝，过热则汗出而腠理开泄，以致风邪容易侵入，疾病乃生，更忌讳解衣当风。然而无风日暖时，又应当抱出来游戏，又不可放置在地下，令其着地受寒。况且五脏俞穴，都系于背部，肺脏尤其娇嫩，风寒一感，毫毛毕直，皮肤闭阻而发病，咳嗽喘呕，肚热憎寒，所以孩子的背部宜暖。肚子是脾胃所在，胃为水谷之海，脾为健运之司，冷则食物不腐化，导致多肠鸣腹痛呕吐泄泻，所以孩子的肚子宜暖。足部是阳明胃脉所络，所以说寒从下起，所以孩子的脚宜温。头部是六阳经交会之处，脑为髓海，凉则坚凝，热则流泄，或者囟颅肿起，头缝开解，目疾头疮，所以头部宜凉。心属离火，若外有客热，则内动心火，表里合热，轻则口干舌燥，腮红面赤，重则啼叫惊掣，多躁烦渴，所以心胸宜凉。（《冯氏锦囊》）
婴儿出生六十天后，瞳孔成形并能笑认人，切忌陌生人怀抱，及见到不寻常的事物。一百天时任脉成形，自己能翻身，一百八十天时尻骨成形，母亲应当让孩子学习坐。二百四十天时掌骨成形，母亲应当扶持教匍匐。三百天时髌骨成形，母亲应当扶持教站立。周岁之后，膝骨成形，母亲应当扶持教行走，这都是育儿一定的方法。如果整天捧在怀里，不见风日，不着地气，以致筋骨缓弱，几岁还不能行走，一旦失调护，疾病乃生，这都是保育太过导致的失误。（张涣）
小儿玩弄嬉戏，常在眼前之物，不可强行夺去，使其生气，但不要让他弄刀刃，衔铜钱，靠近水火，进入庙堂，见鬼神罢了。（《育婴家秘》）
凡是乳母抱孩子，切勿哭泣眼泪落入孩子眼中，令孩子眼睛干枯。（《冯氏锦囊》）
小儿能说话，必须教以正言，如鄙俗的话不要说给他听。能吃饭，则教以恭敬，如亵慢的习惯不要养成。能坐能行，则扶持他，不要使他跌倒。宗族乡党之人，则教以亲疏尊卑长幼之分，不要使他混乱。言语问答，教以诚实，不要使他欺妄。宾客往来，教以拜揖迎送，不要使他退避。衣服器用，五谷六畜之类，遇到事物就教他，使他知道。或者教以数目，或者教以方位，或者教以岁月时日之类，如此则不但无病，而且知识也早熟了。（《育婴家秘》）
婴儿初生形骸虽具备，但筋骨甚柔，如同草木的柔条软梗，可曲可直，或俯或仰。所以百日之内不可竖抱，竖抱则容易惹惊，且必致头倾项软，有天柱倒侧的忧虑。半岁前不可独坐，独坐则风邪入背，脊骨受伤，有龟背伛偻的疾病。（《大生要旨》）
小儿刚出生，肌肤未实，宜单衣不宜暖衣，暖则筋骨缓弱，易发疮疡。宜旧絮不宜新棉，恐怕汗出表虚，易受寒邪。宜接触地气，尤宜接触风日，不见地气风日，则肌肤柔软，易得损伤。曾见富贵之家，重茵叠被，日在怀抱，虽数岁亦未能行。而田舍小儿，终日暴露，或饥或寒，绝无他病。譬如草木生于深山大泽中，容易合抱，至园圃奇材异卉，纵加培植，多有秀而不实者，难道贵贱的道理有差异吗！（《巢氏病源》）
婴儿初生，血气未定，脏腑未备，每三十一日一变蒸，或发热，或恶寒，或吐泻，或出汗，都是长血脉增智慧的征候。其指纹淡红如水色如常，既无乱纹，也无青紫赤黑之色，这是变蒸。每一变蒸，或生一脏，或生一腑，至十变蒸而脏腑始完，胎毒始散，周岁内须知此候。然而胎气亢盛充实者不像这样。（周于蕃）
每每见到士大夫之家，对于婴儿多雇佣乳娘，其痛痒不甚相关，只是在婴儿哭时，恐怕父母听见，或勉强给他乳食，或暗中给以油糖饼饵粘腻生冷之物，希图不出啼哭之声，殊不知婴儿病多在伤食。谚语说：“要使小儿安宁，须带三分饥和寒。”但所谓饥者，勿令过饱；寒者，勿令过暖，不是令其忍饥受寒的意思。（周于蕃）
小儿有实痰壅筑喉内，吐不出，咽不入，用手指关节抵住气海穴，旋转后又放开，再将婴儿中指掐至指尖数次，再推涌泉穴，左转不揉，用指对抵夹车穴，用耳挖爬舌上即吐出。（夏禹铸）
丹溪说：小儿过度使用棉绢温暖衣物，以致阳气不舒展，因而多发热。即使长大，下部也不要过暖，盖十六岁以前，气血方盛，如日方升，惟阴常不足而已，下部主阴，得寒凉则阴易长，过温暖则阴暗消。所以《曲礼》说：童子不穿皮衣裙。（《保婴易知录》）
小儿落下脐带，在瓦上焙干为末，脐带若有五分重，加入朱砂、黄连、甘草各二分五厘，和匀蜜拌，或用生地、当归煎浓汤，调如糊状，做四五次涂在乳母乳头上，等婴儿吸吮，必须使一日一夜吸尽，次日大便遗下秽污浊垢之物，都是恶毒。日后不但痘疹稀疏，可免变黑归肾的祸患。竟然有不出痘的，也没有囟门不合的疾病。必须等候脐带落下，便立刻制服，在六七日间为妙，其中朱砂须研极细末，以甘草汤飞过，这真是保生最上乘良法，一以解毒，一以补肾。盖脐带乃有生之河车，系于母之命门，两肾之所生，以肾补肾的缘故。（《保婴易知录》）
凡是富贵之家，不宜为孩子新制绫罗华丽之服，当知为孩子惜福也。（《琢王篇》）
If there is no disease, a slippery pulse at the Guan position indicates retained food stagnation. It is presumed to be caused by the wet nurse; the wet nurse must have a fondness for alcohol and breastfeeds immediately after drinking, thus causing the infant to become intoxicated. This is not due to Wind pathogen.
Upon inquiry, this was found to be true. The infant was administered Zhiqi Zi (Ardisia Japonica Fruit) and Ge Hua (Puerariae Flos), and subsequently returned to normal. (*Gujin Yi'an*)
The common saying goes: "To keep an infant safe, one should maintain a state of slight hunger and cold." This statement is highly erroneous. One must understand that an infant's Zang-Fu organs are fragile and thin, unable to tolerate extremes of fullness or emptiness, heat or cold. Their well-being relies entirely on appropriate nursing and care. If one maintains a state of slight hunger and cold, it may lead to excessive crying due to hunger and frequent colds due to cold exposure, which is indeed inadvisable. Generally, to ensure an infant's peace, one must constantly regulate their hunger and cold states. The method of care involves feeding only when they feel hungry, avoiding overeating; dressing them only when they feel cold, avoiding excessive warmth. This applies not only to infants but also to those who are weak, elderly, or recovering from illness. (*Chuanjiabao*)
When a wet nurse sleeps with the infant, she must never use her arm as a pillow for the child. The heat from her chest and arms may tightly steam the infant's head, leading to carbuncles, sores, and boils. Furthermore, if the infant's head faces the mother's face, the wet nurse's breath blowing onto the infant's Fontanelle (Baihui area) can cause susceptibility to Wind-Cold in later years, resulting in clear nasal discharge that is difficult to treat with medicine. Using a pillow made of fresh Mung Beans (Vigna radiata) is best, as it is cooling and helps eliminate fetal toxins and heat. (Shi Tianji)
In early childhood, a strong craving for sweets may suddenly cease upon seeing an earthworm in the candy. This fear can serve as a clever method to curb such cravings. (Wang Yinjun)
Infants have delicate Spleen and Stomach functions. If the mother chews food before feeding it to the child, the child may fail to digest it properly, inevitably leading to illness.
When the weather is warm, it is beneficial to take the infant out into the sun to play. Frequent exposure to wind and sunlight will strengthen their flesh and blood, enabling them to withstand Wind-Cold and preventing phlegm formation. (*Anmo Jing*)
Using Chrysanthemum flowers as a pillow for infants can clear and brighten the head and eyes. (*Anmo Jing*)
Infants should not consume meat too early, as it damages the Spleen and Stomach. Chicken consumption can generate roundworms and lead to Infantile Malnutrition Syndrome (Gan syndrome); it should not be eaten until after three years of age. (*Anmo Jing*)
In summer, it is advisable to sew a sachet containing seven Almond kernels (Prunus armeniaca seed), peeled and de-veined, to be worn close to the body. This protects against fear induced by thunder sounds. (*Anmo Jing*)
Infants should not be taken into temples, as the spiritual atmosphere may startle their spirit, causing fear. (*Anmo Jing*)
When bathing an infant, choose a windless, enclosed place. The water temperature should be neither too cold nor too hot, and the bath should end promptly; do not let the infant stay in the water for long. In winter, prevent cold exposure; in summer, avoid overheating. However, for infants under one year old, frequent bathing is strictly prohibited to prevent the accumulation of Damp-Heat. (*Yizong Jinjian*)
Infants must strictly avoid eating meat, especially chicken, as overconsumption generates roundworms. Eating snails, tadpoles, clams, eels, turtles, shrimp, and crabs may cause diarrhea or dysentery. (*Baoying Yizhilu*)
When sleeping with the infant, the mother must avoid blowing her breath onto the infant's Fontanelle, as this may induce Wind diseases. (*Suosuilu*)
Infants' clothes and bedding should be aired in the sun during the day and brought in at night; they should not be left outside overnight. Exposure to celestial bodies and evil birds might expose the infant to malign Qi, leading to innocent Gan syndrome or incessant crying. Clothes must be fumigated with vinegar-charcoal or exposed to sunlight before use. (Qian Zhongyang)
For newborns, do not wrap them with oily hands. In spring, avoid covering the head and wrapping the feet; in summer, avoid cold drinks and ice; in winter, avoid heating clothes and bedding with fire. (*Xiao'er Jingyao*)
Do not allow infants to indulge excessively in playthings. Keep sharp blades and dangerous objects away from their touch. Avoid proximity to monkeys, as it may harm their spirit. Do not hold parrots, as it may damage their eyes.
For boys learning to speak, avoid letting them be frivolous. When they learn to sit, do not allow prolonged sitting to prevent spinal curvature. Do not encourage walking too early, as their bones and tendons are soft. For thunder or drumming, do not cover their ears. Sleep and wakefulness should be regulated, encouraging early rising. Food intake should not be excessive; clothing should not be layered heavily. Regularly consume vegetable soups; avoid rich delicacies. Sweet, fatty, sour, and cold foods, ginger, garlic, melons, vegetables, greasy foods, and raw eggplants should not be overconsumed. Do not leave lights on at night; do not tell ghost stories during the day. Do not sleep facing the wind; do not sit near water. If laughing excessively, calm them down; if crying excessively, cheer them up. Do not breastfeed immediately after intense crying or laughing. (*Fengshi Jinnang*)
In winter, use a water bucket base for the infant's bed; in summer, use a bamboo basket. The infant must lie straight, facing the light. If lying with their back to the light, they may look up at the brightness, potentially causing upward deviation of the eyeballs. Avoid placing attractive objects near the bed that might cause the infant to turn their head sideways, leading to lateral eye deviation. Avoid colorful decorations on the front of the infant's hat to prevent upward gaze. (*Cha'er Lu*)
Use the father's old clothes for boys and the mother's old clothes for girls, modified for the infant. Clothing should not be too thick, lest it cause high fever, sores, or convulsions. (*Qianjin Lun*)
For newborns, do not put hats on them before cutting the lanugo hair. This practice can prevent wind-cold infections and chronic nasal congestion throughout life. (*Dasheng Yaozhi*)
Generally, add clothing when the child is cold and remove cotton when hot. Excessive cold causes Qi stagnation and Blood coagulation; excessive heat causes sweating and opening of Couli (pores), allowing Wind pathogens to easily invade and cause disease. Avoid exposing the body to wind while undressed. On warm, windless days, take the child out to play, but do not place them directly on the ground to avoid cold. The Shu points of the Zang-Fu organs are located on the back, and the Lung is particularly delicate. Upon Wind-Cold invasion, hairs stand erect, pores close, leading to cough, wheezing, vomiting, abdominal heat, and aversion to cold. Therefore, the infant's back should be kept warm. The abdomen houses the Spleen and Stomach; the Stomach is the Sea of Water and Grain, and the Spleen governs transformation and transportation. Cold prevents digestion, leading to borborygmus, abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. Therefore, the abdomen should be kept warm. The feet are connected to the Yangming Stomach meridian; thus, cold rises from below, so the feet should be kept warm. The head is the meeting point of the Six Yang meridians; the brain is the Sea of Marrow. Coolness keeps it firm, while heat causes leakage, potentially leading to fontanelle swelling, cranial suture separation, eye diseases, or scalp sores. Therefore, the head should be kept cool. The Heart belongs to Fire. External heat can stir internal Heart Fire, causing exterior-interior combined heat. Mild cases present with dry mouth and tongue, red cheeks, and flushed face; severe cases involve crying, convulsions, restlessness, and thirst. Therefore, the chest and heart area should be kept cool. (*Fengshi Jinnang*)
Sixty days after birth, the pupils form, and the infant can smile and recognize people. Avoid holding by strangers or exposure to unusual objects. At 100 days, the Ren Mai (Conception Vessel) matures, and the infant can roll over. At 180 days, the sacral bone forms; the mother should teach the infant to sit. At 240 days, the carpal bones form; the mother should support crawling. At 300 days, the patella forms; the mother should support standing. After one year, the knee bones form; the mother should support walking. These are fixed methods of rearing. Constant holding without exposure to wind, sun, or ground Qi leads to weak bones and tendons, delaying walking. Improper care leads to disease. These errors stem from excessive protection. (Zhang Huan)
Infants often play with objects within reach. Do not forcibly snatch them away to avoid anger. However, prevent them from handling blades, holding copper coins, approaching fire/water, entering temples, or seeing ghosts/deities. (*Yuying Jiami*)
Wet nurses must never cry with tears falling into the infant's eyes, as this may cause dryness of the eyes. (*Fengshi Jinnang*)
Once an infant can speak, teach them proper language, avoiding vulgar speech. Once they can eat, teach them respect, avoiding disrespectful habits. Once they can sit and walk, support them to prevent falls. Teach them distinctions of kinship, status, seniority, and juniority among relatives and neighbors. Teach honesty in speech, avoiding deceit. Teach etiquette in greeting guests. Teach them about clothing, utensils, grains, and animals when encountering them. Teach numbers, directions, and dates. This ensures not only health but also early intellectual development. (*Yuying Jiami*)
Although a newborn has formed physical structures, their bones and tendons are very soft, like tender plant stems. Within 100 days, do not hold them upright, as this may frighten them and cause head tilting and neck weakness, risking collapse of the cervical spine. Before six months, do not allow independent sitting, as Wind pathogens may enter the back, damaging the spine and causing kyphosis. (*Dasheng Yaozhi*)
Newborns have unconsolidated skin and flesh. Single-layer clothing is preferable to warm clothing; warmth leads to weak bones/tendons and sores. Old wadding is preferable to new cotton; new cotton may cause sweating and surface deficiency, inviting Cold pathogens. Exposure to ground Qi and wind/sunlight is essential; lack thereof leads to soft skin prone to injury. Wealthy families often wrap infants heavily and hold them constantly, delaying walking. Rural children, exposed to elements and occasional hunger/cold, remain healthy. Like plants in deep mountains growing strong quickly, versus cultivated ornamental plants that often fail to fruit, is there a difference in principle based on status? (*Chao Shi Bing Yuan*)
Newborns have unstable Qi and Blood and immature Zang-Fu organs. Every 31 days, they undergo Bian Zheng (growth cycles), manifesting as fever, aversion to cold, vomiting/diarrhea, or sweating. These are signs of growing vessels and intelligence. Finger veins should be pale red and normal, without chaotic patterns or blue/purple/black colors. Each cycle develops a Zang or Fu organ. After ten cycles, Zang-Fu are complete, and fetal toxins dissipate. This must be understood within the first year. Infants with robust prenatal Qi do not exhibit this pattern. (Zhou Yufan)
Scholars often hire wet nurses for infants, showing little emotional connection. To stop crying, they may force-feed or secretly give sticky, cold, or sugary snacks. This ignores that infant illnesses often stem from food injury. The proverb "Keep an infant safe with slight hunger and cold" means avoiding overfeeding and overheating, not enduring actual hunger and cold. (Zhou Yufan)
For infants with excess Phlegm obstructing the throat, unable to spit or swallow, press the Qihai (CV6) acupoint with finger joints, release, pinch the tip of the middle finger several times, push Yongquan (KI1) counter-clockwise without rubbing, press Jiache (ST6) with opposing fingers, and use an ear pick to stimulate the tongue to induce vomiting. (Xia Yuzhu)
Danxi stated: Overuse of warm cotton/silk clothing in infants restricts Yang Qi, causing frequent fever. Even in adulthood, the lower body should not be kept too warm. Before age sixteen, Qi and Blood are flourishing like the rising sun, yet Yin is always insufficient. The lower body governs Yin; coolness promotes Yin growth, while excessive warmth consumes Yin. Thus, *Li Ji* states: Boys do not wear fur garments. (*Baoying Yizhilu*)
Dry umbilical cords on tiles, grind into powder. Mix 5 fen of cord powder with 2.5 fen each of Cinnabar (Zhusha), Rhubarb (Huanglian), and Licorice (Gancao). Blend with honey or decoct Rehmannia (Shengdi) and Angelica Sinensis (Danggui) into a thick paste. Apply to the wet nurse's nipple 4-5 times over 24 hours for the infant to suck. The next day, the infant will pass foul waste, eliminating toxins. This reduces smallpox severity, prevents blackening/kidney involvement, and may prevent unclosed fontanelles. Apply immediately after the cord falls off, ideally within 6-7 days. Cinnabar must be finely powdered and purified with Licorice decoction. This is the supreme method for preservation, detoxifying and tonifying the Kidney. The umbilical cord is the "River Cart" of life, connected to the Gate of Vitality (Mingmen) and generated by the Kidneys; thus, it tonifies the Kidney with Kidney. (*Baoying Yizhilu*)
Wealthy families should not make new, luxurious silk clothes for infants, understanding the need to conserve fortune/virtue for the child. (*Zhuo Wang Pian*)