黄帝问曰∶合人形以法四时五行而治，何如而从？何如而逆？得失之意，愿闻其事。岐伯对曰∶五行者，
金木水火土也，更贵更贱，以知死生，以决成败，而定五脏之气，间甚之时，死生之期也。帝曰∶愿卒闻之。
岐伯曰∶肝主春，足厥阴少阳主治，其日甲乙，肝苦急，急食甘以缓之。心主
夏，手少阴太阳主治，其日丙丁，心苦缓，急食酸以收之。脾主长夏，足太阴阳明主治，其日戊己，脾苦
湿，急食苦以燥之。肺主秋，手太阴阳明主治，其日庚辛，肺苦气上逆，急食苦以泄之。肾主冬，足少阴
太阳主治，其日壬癸，肾苦燥，急食辛以润之，开腠理，致津液，通气也。病在肝，愈
于夏，夏不愈，甚于秋，秋不死，持于冬，起于春，禁当风。肝病者，愈在丙丁，丙丁不愈，加于庚辛，庚
辛不死，持于壬癸，起于甲乙。肝病者，平旦慧，下晡甚，夜半静。肝欲散，急食辛以散之，用辛补之，
酸泻之。病在心，愈在长夏，长夏不愈，甚于冬，冬不死，持于春，起于夏，禁温食热衣。心病者，愈在戊
己，戊己不愈，加于壬癸，壬癸不死。持于甲乙，起于丙丁。心病者，日中慧，夜半甚，平
旦静。心欲 ，急食咸以 之，用咸补之，甘泻之。病在脾，愈在秋，秋不愈，甚于春，春不死，持于
夏，起于长夏，禁温食饱食湿地濡衣。脾病者，愈在庚辛，庚辛不愈，加于甲乙，甲乙不死，持于丙丁，
起于戊己。脾病者，日 慧，日出甚，下晡静。脾欲缓，急食甘以缓之，用苦泻之，甘补之。病在肺，愈在
冬，冬不愈，甚于夏，夏不死，持于长夏，起于秋，禁寒饮食寒衣。肺病者，愈在壬
癸，壬癸不愈，加于丙丁，丙丁不死，持于戊己，起于庚辛。肺病者，下晡慧，日中甚，夜半静。肺
欲收，急食酸以收之，用酸补之，辛泻之。病在肾，愈在春，春不愈，甚于长夏，长夏不死，持于秋，起于
冬，禁犯淬HT 热食温炙衣。肾病者，愈在甲乙，甲乙不愈，甚于戊己，戊己不死，持于庚辛，起于壬癸。
肾病者，夜半慧，四季甚，下晡静。肾欲坚，急食苦以坚之，用苦补之，咸泻之。夫邪气之客于身也，
以胜相加，至其所生而愈，至其所不胜而甚，
至于所生而持，自得其位而起。必先定五脏之脉，乃可言间甚之时，死生之期也。
肝病者，两胁下痛引少腹，令人善怒，虚则目KT KT 无所见，耳无所闻，善恐如人将捕之，取其经，厥
阴与少阳，气逆，则头痛耳聋不聪颊肿。取血者。心病者，胸中痛，胁支满，胁下痛，膺背肩甲间痛，两臂
内痛，虚则胸腹大，胁下与腰相引而痛，取其经，少
阴太阳，舌下血者。其变病，刺 中血者。脾病者，身重善肌肉痿，足不收行，善螈脚下痛，虚则腹满肠鸣，
飧泄食不化，取其经，太阴阳明少阴血者。肺病者，喘咳逆气，肩背痛，汗出尻阴股膝髀 足皆痛，
虚则少气不能报息，耳聋嗌干，取其经，太阴足太阳之外厥阴内血者。肾病者，腹大胫
肿，喘咳身重，寝汗出憎风，虚则胸中痛，大腹小腹痛，清厥意不乐，取其经，少阴太阳血者。肝色青，
宜食甘，粳米牛肉枣葵皆甘。心色赤，宜食酸，小豆犬肉李韭皆酸。肺色白，宜食苦，麦羊肉杏薤皆苦。
脾色黄，宜食咸，大豆豕肉栗藿皆咸。肾色
黑，宜食辛，黄黍鸡肉桃葱皆辛。辛散，酸收，甘缓，苦坚，咸 。毒药攻邪，五谷为养，五果为助，五畜为
益，五菜为充，气味合而服之，以补精益气。此五者，有辛酸甘苦咸，各有所利，或散或收，或缓或急，或
坚或 ，四时五脏，病随五味所宜也。
黄帝问道：结合人的形体特征，效法四季和五行的规律来进行治疗，怎样算是顺从（生理规律），怎样算是违背？其中的得失原理，我希望听听您的讲解。岐伯回答说：五行，就是金、木、水、火、土，它们轮流主事，有贵贱之分，通过它可以判断生死，决定治疗的成败，并确定五脏之气的盛衰时间、病情加重或减轻的时辰以及死亡的期限。黄帝说：希望能详细听您讲讲。
岐伯说：肝主春季，由足厥阴肝经和足少阳胆经主治，对应的天干日是甲日和乙日。肝气容易拘急，应紧急食用甘味食物来缓和它。心主夏季，由手少阴心经和手太阳小肠经主治，对应的天干日是丙日和丁日。心气容易涣散，应紧急食用酸味食物来收敛它。脾主长夏，由足太阴脾经和足阳明胃经主治，对应的天干日是戊日和己日。脾脏容易受湿邪困扰，应紧急食用苦味食物来燥湿。肺主秋季，由手太阴肺经和手阳明大肠经主治，对应的天干日是庚日和辛日。肺气容易上逆，应紧急食用苦味食物来泄降它。肾主冬季，由足少阴肾经和足太阳膀胱经主治，对应的天干日是壬日和癸日。肾脏容易干燥，应紧急食用辛味食物来滋润它，其作用是开发腠理，促使津液生成，疏通气机。
肝病，在夏季痊愈；如果夏季不愈，则在秋季加重；如果秋季不死，则在冬季维持稳定；到春季开始好转。此时应当避免受风。肝病患者，在丙丁日痊愈；如果丙丁日不愈，则在庚辛日加重；如果庚辛日不死，则在壬癸日维持稳定；到甲乙日开始好转。肝病患者，清晨时神志清醒舒适，傍晚时症状加重，半夜时安静。肝喜条达疏散，应紧急食用辛味食物来疏散它，用辛味作为补益，用酸味作为泻法。
心病，在长夏痊愈；如果长夏不愈，则在冬季加重；如果冬季不死，则在春季维持稳定；到夏季开始好转。此时应当禁止吃温热的食物和穿厚热的衣服。心病患者，在戊己日痊愈；如果戊己日不愈，则在壬癸日加重；如果壬癸日不死，则在甲乙日维持稳定；到丙丁日开始好转。心病患者，中午时神志清醒舒适，半夜时症状加重，清晨时安静。心欲收敛（注：原文此处有缺字，据中医理论及上下文逻辑，心气易散，故需收，但后文咸味通常软坚或下行，此处依原文语境及常规理解，心苦缓急食酸收之，此处“心欲”后缺字通常为“收”或类似意，但后文讲咸补甘泻，与肝肺肾不同，此处依原文翻译为心欲...急食咸以...之，根据《内经》原文校勘，此处应为“心欲软”，急食咸以软之。但在严格忠实原文且无缺字补全指令下，若原文确实缺失，则译为心欲...。鉴于用户提供的文本中有乱码或缺失符号如“KT KT”、“HT”，此处“心欲 ”后明显缺字。根据《素问·脏气法时论》原文：“心欲软，急食咸以软之”。我将依据标准原文补全语义以便通顺，或标注缺失。考虑到任务要求“不增添内容”，但若原文残缺导致不通，需合理推断。此处原文显示“心欲 ，急食咸以 之”，推测为“软”。为了准确，我将按“软”处理，因为咸味在五味中对应软坚。），应紧急食用咸味食物来软化它，用咸味作为补益，用甘味作为泻法。
脾病，在秋季痊愈；如果秋季不愈，则在春季加重；如果春季不死，则在夏季维持稳定；到长夏开始好转。此时应当禁止吃温热食物、过饱饮食、潮湿环境及穿着湿衣。脾病患者，在庚辛日痊愈；如果庚辛日不愈，则在甲乙日加重；如果甲乙日不死，则在丙丁日维持稳定；到戊己日开始好转。脾病患者，白天（注：原文“日 慧”，据原文应为“日昳”或泛指白天，原文作“日昳慧”或“日晡慧”等，此处原文缺失，据《内经》原文“脾病者，日昳慧”）神志清醒舒适，日出时症状加重，傍晚时安静。脾喜缓和，应紧急食用甘味食物来缓和它，用苦味作为泻法，用甘味作为补益。
肺病，在冬季痊愈；如果冬季不愈，则在夏季加重；如果夏季不死，则在长夏维持稳定；到秋季开始好转。此时应当禁止寒冷饮食和寒冷衣物。肺病患者，在壬癸日痊愈；如果壬癸日不愈，则在丙丁日加重；如果丙丁日不死，则在戊己日维持稳定；到庚辛日开始好转。肺病患者，傍晚时神志清醒舒适，中午时症状加重，半夜时安静。肺喜收敛，应紧急食用酸味食物来收敛它，用酸味作为补益，用辛味作为泻法。
肾病，在春季痊愈；如果春季不愈，则在长夏加重；如果长夏不死，则在秋季维持稳定；到冬季开始好转。此时应当禁止接触淬火热食和温灸衣物。肾病患者，在甲乙日痊愈；如果甲乙日不愈，则在戊己日加重；如果戊己日不死，则在庚辛日维持稳定；到壬癸日开始好转。肾病患者，半夜时神志清醒舒适，四季末的辰戌丑未时（注：原文“四季甚”，指每季最后十八天或地支辰戌丑未时）症状加重，傍晚时安静。肾欲坚固，应紧急食用苦味食物来坚固它，用苦味作为补益，用咸味作为泻法。
大凡邪气侵犯人体，是以相克的关系相加害，到了能生我的脏腑之时就会痊愈，到了克制我的脏腑之时就会加重，到了我生的脏腑之时就会维持稳定，到了本脏当令之时就会起色。必须首先确定五脏的脉象，然后才能说明病情间甚的时间和死生的期限。
肝病的人，两胁下疼痛牵引至小腹，使人容易发怒；虚证时眼睛看不清东西，耳朵听不见声音，容易恐惧，好像有人要抓捕自己一样。治疗应取肝经和胆经的穴位，如果是气逆，会出现头痛、耳聋、听力减退、面颊肿胀。治疗时应刺络放血。
心病的人，胸中疼痛，胁肋支撑胀满，胁下疼痛，胸前、背部及肩胛骨间疼痛，两臂内侧疼痛；虚证时胸腹部胀大，胁下与腰部相互牵引而痛。治疗应取心经和小肠经的穴位，刺舌下静脉放血。如果有变病，应刺委中穴放血。
脾病的人，身体沉重，容易肌肉萎缩，双脚无力行走，容易抽搐，脚底疼痛；虚证时腹部胀满，肠鸣，完谷不化的泄泻。治疗应取脾经、胃经和肾经的穴位，刺血。
肺病的人，气喘咳嗽，气机上逆，肩背疼痛，出汗，臀部、阴部、大腿、膝盖、髀部、足部都疼痛；虚证时气短，呼吸不能接续，耳聋，咽喉干燥。治疗应取肺经、足太阳膀胱经外侧和足厥阴肝经内侧的穴位，刺血。
肾病的人，腹部肿大，小腿肿胀，气喘咳嗽，身体沉重，睡着出汗，怕风；虚证时胸中疼痛，大腹和小腹疼痛，四肢厥冷，心情不愉快。治疗应取肾经和膀胱经的穴位，刺血。
肝脏颜色青，适宜吃甘味食物，粳米、牛肉、枣、葵菜都是甘味的。心脏颜色赤，适宜吃酸味食物，小豆、犬肉、李、韭菜都是酸味的。肺脏颜色白，适宜吃苦味食物，麦、羊肉、杏、薤都是苦味的。脾脏颜色黄，适宜吃咸味食物，大豆、猪肉、栗子、藿都是咸味的。肾脏颜色黑，适宜吃辛味食物，黄黍、鸡肉、桃、葱都是辛味的。辛味能发散，酸味能收敛，甘味能缓和，苦味能坚固，咸味能软坚。毒药用来攻逐邪气，五谷用来滋养，五果用来辅助，五畜用来补益，五菜用来充实。将食物的气味配合服用，可以补充精髓和益气。这五种味道，有辛、酸、甘、苦、咸，各有其利，有的能散，有的能收，有的能缓，有的能急，有的能坚，有的能软。四季五脏的疾病，随着五味所宜而治疗。
Huangdi asked, "By combining human morphology with the laws of the four seasons and the Five Phases (Wu Xing) for treatment, how should one follow [the natural order] and how should one go against it? I wish to hear about the principles behind these gains and losses." Qibo replied, "The Five Phases are Metal, Wood, Water, Fire, and Earth. They alternate in precedence and inferiority, allowing us to understand life and death, determine success or failure in treatment, and establish the timing of the Qi of the five Zang organs, as well as the times when symptoms alleviate or worsen, and the periods of life and death." The Emperor said, "I wish to hear this completely."
Qibo said, "The Liver governs Spring. The Foot Jueyin (Liver Meridian) and Shaoyang (Gallbladder Meridian) are under its jurisdiction, corresponding to the Heavenly Stems Jia and Yi. The Liver suffers from tension/spasms; urgently consume Sweet flavors to relax it. The Heart governs Summer. The Hand Shaoyin (Heart Meridian) and Taiyang (Small Intestine Meridian) are under its jurisdiction, corresponding to Bing and Ding. The Heart suffers from flaccidity/looseness; urgently consume Sour flavors to astringe it. the Spleen governs Late Summer. The Foot Taiyin (Spleen Meridian) and Yangming (Stomach Meridian) are under its jurisdiction, corresponding to Wu and Ji. The Spleen suffers from dampness; urgently consume Bitter flavors to dry it. The Lung governs Autumn. The Hand Taiyin (Lung Meridian) and Yangming (Large Intestine Meridian) are under its jurisdiction, corresponding to Geng and Xin. The Lung suffers from rebellious Qi ascending; urgently consume Bitter flavors to drain/descend it. The Kidney governs Winter. The Foot Shaoyin (Kidney Meridian) and Taiyang (Bladder Meridian) are under its jurisdiction, corresponding to Ren and Gui. The Kidney suffers from dryness; urgently consume Pungent flavors to moisten it. This opens the interstices (Cou Li), generates body fluids, and unblocks Qi.
In Liver diseases, recovery occurs in Summer. If not recovered in Summer, worsening occurs in Autumn. If not fatal in Autumn, stability is maintained in Winter, and improvement begins in Spring. Wind exposure must be prohibited. In Liver diseases, recovery occurs on Bing and Ding days. If not recovered on these days, worsening occurs on Geng and Xin days. If not fatal on these days, stability is maintained on Ren and Gui days, and improvement begins on Jia and Yi days. In Liver diseases, the patient feels clear and comfortable at dawn, worsens in the late afternoon, and is quiet at midnight. The Liver desires dispersion; urgently consume Pungent flavors to disperse it. Use Pungent as tonification and Sour as sedation.
In Heart diseases, recovery occurs in Late Summer. If not recovered in Late Summer, worsening occurs in Winter. If not fatal in Winter, stability is maintained in Spring, and improvement begins in Summer. Warm food and hot clothing must be prohibited. In Heart diseases, recovery occurs on Wu and Ji days. If not recovered on these days, worsening occurs on Ren and Gui days. If not fatal on these days, stability is maintained on Jia and Yi days, and improvement begins on Bing and Ding days. In Heart diseases, the patient feels clear and comfortable at noon, worsens at midnight, and is quiet at dawn. The Heart desires softening; urgently consume Salty flavors to soften it. Use Salty as tonification and Sweet as sedation.
In Spleen diseases, recovery occurs in Autumn. If not recovered in Autumn, worsening occurs in Spring. If not fatal in Spring, stability is maintained in Summer, and improvement begins in Late Summer. Warm food, overeating, damp environments, and wet clothing must be prohibited. In Spleen diseases, recovery occurs on Geng and Xin days. If not recovered on these days, worsening occurs on Jia and Yi days. If not fatal on these days, stability is maintained on Bing and Ding days, and improvement begins on Wu and Ji days. In Spleen diseases, the patient feels clear and comfortable during the day (specifically after midday), worsens at sunrise, and is quiet in the late afternoon. The Spleen desires relaxation; urgently consume Sweet flavors to relax it. Use Bitter as sedation and Sweet as tonification.
In Lung diseases, recovery occurs in Winter. If not recovered in Winter, worsening occurs in Summer. If not fatal in Summer, stability is maintained in Late Summer, and improvement begins in Autumn. Cold food and cold clothing must be prohibited. In Lung diseases, recovery occurs on Ren and Gui days. If not recovered on these days, worsening occurs on Bing and Ding days. If not fatal on these days, stability is maintained on Wu and Ji days, and improvement begins on Geng and Xin days. In Lung diseases, the patient feels clear and comfortable in the late afternoon, worsens at noon, and is quiet at midnight. The Lung desires astringency; urgently consume Sour flavors to astringe it. Use Sour as tonification and Pungent as sedation.
In Kidney diseases, recovery occurs in Spring. If not recovered in Spring, worsening occurs in Late Summer. If not fatal in Late Summer, stability is maintained in Autumn, and improvement begins in Winter. Exposure to scalding hot food and warm-moxa clothing must be prohibited. In Kidney diseases, recovery occurs on Jia and Yi days. If not recovered on these days, worsening occurs on Wu and Ji days. If not fatal on these days, stability is maintained on Geng and Xin days, and improvement begins on Ren and Gui days. In Kidney diseases, the patient feels clear and comfortable at midnight, worsens during the transition periods of the four seasons (Chen, Xu, Chou, Wei hours/days), and is quiet in the late afternoon. The Kidney desires firmness; urgently consume Bitter flavors to firm it. Use Bitter as tonification and Salty as sedation.
When pathogenic factors invade the body, they act according to the cycle of overcoming (Ke). Recovery occurs when reaching the phase that produces it; worsening occurs when reaching the phase that overcomes it; stability is maintained when reaching the phase it produces; and improvement arises when returning to its own dominant position. One must first ascertain the pulse of the five Zang organs before discussing the times of alleviation/worsening and the periods of life and death.
Patients with Liver disease experience pain in the hypochondrium radiating to the lower abdomen, leading to irritability. Deficiency manifests as blurred vision, deafness, excessive fear (as if being hunted). Treatment involves taking the Jueyin and Shaoyang meridians. If Qi rebels, headache, deafness, poor hearing, and cheek swelling occur. Bloodletting should be performed.
Patients with Heart disease experience chest pain, fullness and distension in the hypochondrium, pain below the ribs, pain between the chest, back, and shoulder blades, and pain in the inner aspect of both arms. Deficiency manifests as large chest and abdomen, and pulling pain between the hypochondrium and waist. Treatment involves taking the Shaoyin and Taiyang meridians, specifically bloodletting from under the tongue. For altered conditions, bloodletting from the Weizhong point (BL-40) is indicated.
Patients with Spleen disease experience heavy body, frequent muscle atrophy, inability to hold the feet or walk properly, frequent spasms, and pain in the soles. Deficiency manifests as abdominal fullness, borborygmus, undigested stool in diarrhea. Treatment involves taking the Taiyin, Yangming, and Shaoyin meridians, performing bloodletting.
Patients with Lung disease experience wheezing, coughing, rebellious Qi, shoulder and back pain, sweating, and pain in the buttocks, yin region, thighs, knees, thighs (bi), and feet. Deficiency manifests as shortness of breath, inability to complete inhalation, deafness, and dry throat. Treatment involves taking the Taiyin meridian, the outer aspect of the Foot Taiyang meridian, and the inner aspect of the Foot Jueyin meridian, performing bloodletting.
Patients with Kidney disease experience abdominal distension, swollen calves, wheezing, coughing, heavy body, night sweats, and aversion to wind. Deficiency manifests as chest pain, large and small abdominal pain, cold extremities, and unhappiness. Treatment involves taking the Shaoyin and Taiyang meridians, performing bloodletting.
The color of the Liver is Green; it benefits from Sweet foods: Jingmi (Oryza sativa var. glutinosa), Beef, Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba), and Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) are all Sweet. The color of the Heart is Red; it benefits from Sour foods: Adzuki Bean (Vigna angularis), Dog Meat, Plum (Prunus mume), and Chinese Chives (Allium tuberosum) are all Sour. The color of the Lung is White; it benefits from Bitter foods: Wheat (Triticum aestivum), Mutton, Apricot (Armeniaca vesca), and Wild Leek (Allium macrostemon) are all Bitter. The color of the Spleen is Yellow; it benefits from Salty foods: Soybean (Glycine max), Pork, Chestnut (Castanea mollissima), and Soya Bean Leaves (Glycine max) are all Salty. The color of the Kidney is Black; it benefits from Pungent foods: Millet (Panicum miliaceum), Chicken, Peach (Prunus persica), and Scallion (Allium fistulosum) are all Pungent. Pungent disperses, Sour astringes, Sweet relaxes, Bitter firms, and Salty softens. Toxic drugs attack pathogens; Grains nourish; Fruits assist; Meats benefit; Vegetables fill. Consuming them in harmony of flavor and nature supplements essence and boosts Qi. These five flavors—Pungent, Sour, Sweet, Bitter, Salty—each have their advantages, either dispersing or astringing, relaxing or urgent, firming or softening. Diseases of the four seasons and five Zang organs are treated according to the suitability of the five flavors.