麻黄汤
治足太阳膀胱经发热头痛。身疼恶风。无汗而喘。阳明合病。喘而胸满。太阳病八九
日不解。以此发汗。必衄乃解。及治不得汗。发衄。阳明脉浮。无汗而喘。宜服。脉但浮无
余证者与服。若不溺。腹满加哕者。不治。
麻黄（三两去节） 桂枝（二两） 甘草（一两） 杏仁（七十个去皮尖）
上锉散，服五钱，水盏半。煎八分。去滓。食前服。覆取微汗。夏至欲加知母半两、石
膏一两、黄芩一分。或汗出后无大热而喘者。去桂加石膏一两。春冬只根据正方。
升麻葛根汤
治伤寒时疫头痛。增寒壮热。肢体痛。发热恶寒。鼻干。不得睡。小儿大人疮疹。己发
未发皆可服。兼治寒暄不时。人多疾疫。乍暖脱衣。及暴热之次。忽变阴寒。身体疼痛。头
重如石。及解伤酒膈热。口疮咽疼。
升麻（一两） 白芍药（一两） 甘草（一两） 葛根（二两）
上锉散。每服四钱。水一盏半。不拘时。潮热头痛。生姜三片、葱白二根煎。咳嗽涎盛。
生姜三片、桑白皮七寸煎。上膈热。薄荷黄芩各少许煎。斑疮未出。加紫草楂根各半钱、葱
白
叶、
桑白皮七寸、乌梅一个煎。小儿量度多少。老人加人参倍白芍药各五钱。大段寒即热服。热
即温服。（近人以药性寒凉。不肯轻服。然治证相对。服之何妨。）
金沸草散
治风壅痰盛。头目昏痛。颈项强急。往来寒热。肢体烦疼。胸膈满闷。痰涎不利。咳嗽
喘满。涕唾稠粘。时行寒疫。壮热恶风。有寒则汗出。风盛则解利。
金沸草（去梗三两） 荆芥穗（四两） 麻黄（去根节三两） 甘草（一两） 半夏（汤
洗七次
一两）
上锉散。每服三钱。水一盏半。入生姜三片、桑白皮七寸、乌梅一个煎。头疼柚叶半皮。
牙疼热煎灌漱。诸风及大腑风秘。左胁刺痛。每料加枳壳一两去穣。风热结在脏腑。烦躁。
气壅腹痛。大便秘。以葱白研烂。微火炒过。布巾盛。熨脐。后加大黄朴硝薄荷各五钱服速
效。诸风发散并用。妊妇伤寒。头痛旋疼。壮热心躁。加白术人参黄芩生石膏各一两。热嗽
加
燥。
加朴硝五钱。食后服。
小柴胡汤
治伤寒四五日。寒热胸胁满痛。默默不欲食。心烦。或呕渴。或腹痛。或胁下痞硬。或
心下悸。小便不利。或不渴。身有微热。或咳，或过经未解。潮热未除。半表半里。非汗非
下之证。瘥后劳复昏热。妇人伤风。经水适断。此为热入血室。故使如疟状。产后伤寒。头
疼发热。小儿寒热亦治之。
柴胡（二两去芦） 半夏（汤洗七次六钱） 黄芩 人参（去芦） 粉草（各三分）
上锉散。每五钱。水一盏半。姜五片、枣一枚。煎至六分。食前服。腹痛去黄芩。每料
加芍药三分。心下悸。小便不利。去黄芩加茯苓一两。不渴。外寒里热。去人参加桂三分。
温服覆取微汗愈。咳嗽。加五味子润者三钱。胸中烦。加栝蒌五钱。渴加人参栝蒌各五钱。
胁下痞硬。去枣加 牡蛎粉枳实各五钱。过经不解。日晡发热。己而微利。加芒硝五钱。引
饮有汗。加茯苓桂枝各五钱。身热脏腑微溏。加浓朴五钱。烦热，每服加白茅根二根。白竹
青一块如大指头大。麦门冬半钱。热腹疼。加白竹叶七皮、赤芍药枳壳各一钱。鼻衄。加生
地黄
大柴胡汤
治伤寒十余日。邪气结在里。寒热往来。大便秘涩。腹满胀痛。语言谵妄。心中痞硬。
饮食不下。或心下急。郁郁微烦。或口生白苔。或不大便五六日。绕脐刺痛。时发烦躁。及
汗后如疟。日晚发热。或发热汗出。或六七日目中不了了。睛不和。无表里证。身微热者。
里实也。兼脏腑实。脉有力者。可服之。轻则柴胡。重则承气。
枳实（去穣炙半两） 柴胡（去毛芦半斤） 大黄（二两） 赤芍药（三两） 半夏（汤
洗七次
二两
上五味匀散。入半夏拌匀。每服三大钱。水一盏半。入生姜三片、红枣一枚。或加苦竹
叶十皮。煎至一中盏。去滓温服。食后临睡服。大热用苦竹沥一合。此药治伤寒内热里实。
若身
小承气汤
治伤寒日深。恐有燥屎。腹中转失气。仍可攻之。不转失气者。必初硬后溏。未可
攻之。攻之则腹满。不能食。饮水而哕。其后热。大便必硬。若腹大满不通。或阳明多汗。
津液外出。肠胃燥热。大便必硬。而谵语脉滑，吐下微烦。小便数。大便结。或下利谵语。
自得病二三日。脉弱。无太阳证柴胡证。烦躁心下结。至四五日虽能食。少少与承气汤和之
。令小安。
大黄（四两） 浓朴（去粗皮炙二两） 枳实（炙去穣五钱）
上锉散。每服五钱。水二盏。煎至八分。去滓温服。以利为度。未利再服。
大承气汤
治表里俱热。病势更甚者。阳明脉迟汗出。不恶寒反恶热。身重短气。狂语如见鬼状。
剧者发则不识人。循衣摸床。惕而不安。微喘直视。阳明里热。或吐下后不解。大便五六日
不利。日晡潮热。心胸烦热而懊 复如疟状，脉沉实。或小便不利，或腹满实痛而渴，脉实
数而沉。肠胃燥甚，留饮不散，胸腹高起，痛不可忍，但呕冷液，大渴反不能饮，强饮不
能，上喘急闷者。
大黄（四两，酒洗） 芒硝（三合，二两也） 浓朴（半斤，炙，去粗皮） 枳实（一
两，炙）
上锉散。每服五钱，水二盏，先煮浓朴、枳实至一盏余，下大黄，煮取八分。去滓入硝，再
煎一沸，温服。以利为度，未利再服。
调胃承气汤
治诸发汗和解，不恶寒，但发热，蒸蒸然者。或日深心下温温欲吐，胸中痛，大便溏，
腹满，郁郁微烦，先此时吐下者。或日深里热谵语，法当下之，以银粉、巴豆燥热大毒丸药
下之，致真阴损虚，邪热转甚，因而协热下利不止。及表里热，下之太早，乘虚而入，不
成结胸，但为热利不止，心下满硬或痛，烦渴咽干，脉滑数而实。诸腹满实痛者，烦渴谵妄，
小便赤，大便硬，脉滑实紧。
大黄 芒硝 甘草（各等分）
上锉散。每服五钱，水二盏，煎至六分，去滓，下消，再煎一沸，温，顿服之。
三拗汤
治感冒风寒，鼻寒，语音不出，头痛拘倦。（方见咳嗽类。）
败毒散
治伤寒时气，头痛项强，发热恶寒，肢体烦疼，咳嗽，鼻塞声重。风痰头痛，呕哕
人参（去芦） 赤茯苓（去芦） 甘草 前胡（去苗） 川芎 羌活（去芦） 北柴胡
（去苗） 枳壳
上锉散。每服四钱，水一盏半，生姜三片，薄荷叶五皮同煎，热服，不拘时候。伤湿腰
疼，加白术、木瓜各等分。脚痛，加天麻一两。香港脚壅盛，多热赤肿，加大黄、炒苍术各等
分，不过一二服立愈。瘟疫伤寒，头痛目昏，发热增寒，腰脚痛甚，多风多痰多气，或处卑
湿，脚弱亦效。伤寒鼻衄，加白茅根、生地黄各一两。疮痍瘾疹，加蝉蜕十个去足翼，防风
五钱，痈疽初发，赤肿寒热，用升麻葛根汤（方见前。）合和，加生地黄、红内消、麦门冬
去
心各一两，去苗煎，热服立散。寻常风寒湿气，流入经络，腰脚疼痛或痹弱，五积散（方见
后。）对合，加木瓜、川牛膝去苗、槟榔切碎，各一两煎，立效。冬合寒而温暖，春发温疫
大效。
Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction)
Treats fever and headache caused by pathogenic invasion of the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian. Body pain, aversion to wind. Anhidrosis with wheezing. Yangming disease combined with Taiyang, wheezing with chest fullness. If Taiyang disease persists for eight or nine days without resolution, using this formula to induce sweating will result in epistaxis as the cure. Also treats cases where sweating cannot be induced but epistaxis occurs. When the Yangming pulse is floating, with anhidrosis and wheezing, it is suitable to take this. If the pulse is merely floating without other symptoms, it may also be administered. If there is no urination, abdominal fullness accompanied by hiccups indicates an untreatable condition.
Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, 3 liang, remove nodes), Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, 2 liang), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 1 liang), Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum, 70 seeds, remove skin and tips).
Crush the above ingredients into a powder. Take 5 qian per dose, decoct in 1.5 cups of water until reduced to 0.8 cup. Strain and take before meals. Cover with blankets to induce slight sweating. Around the Summer Solstice, if desired, add Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, 0.5 liang), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, 1 liang), and Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix, 1 fen). Or, if sweating has occurred and there is no high fever but wheezing remains, remove Guizhi and add Shigao (1 liang). In spring and winter, use only the standard formula.
Shengma Gegen Tang (Primulae Root and Puerariae Radix Decoction)
Treats headache caused by cold damage and seasonal epidemics. Increased chills and high fever. Limb pain. Fever with aversion to cold. Dry nose. Insomnia. For childhood and adult exanthematous diseases, it can be taken whether the rash has erupted or not. It also treats irregular climate changes where many people suffer from epidemics. Sudden warming leading to shedding clothes, or sudden transition from intense heat to yin-cold after a heatwave, causing body pain. Heavy head like a stone. It also resolves alcohol toxicity, upper jiao heat, mouth ulcers, and sore throat.
Shengma (Primulae Radix, 1 liang), Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba, 1 liang), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 1 liang), Gegen (Puerariae Radix, 2 liang).
Crush the above ingredients into a powder. Take 4 qian per dose, decoct in 1.5 cups of water at any time. For tidal fever and headache, decoct with 3 slices of Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) and 2 roots of Congbai (Allii Fistulosi Bulbus). For cough with abundant phlegm, decoct with 3 slices of Shengjiang and 7 cun of Sangbaipi (Mori Cortex). For upper jiao heat, decoct with a small amount of Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba) and Huangqin. For un-erupted macules and sores, add Zicao (Arnebiae Radix et Rhizoma) and Zha Gen (Crataegi Radix) each 0.5 qian, Congbai leaves, Sangbaipi (7 cun), and one Wumei (Mume Fructus). Adjust dosage for children. For the elderly, add Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) and double Baishao by 5 qian each. If cold is severe, take hot; if heat is severe, take warm. (Modern practitioners are reluctant to take it due to its cold nature, but if the syndrome matches, what harm is there?)
Jinfeyao San (Spreading Goldenweed Powder)
Treats wind obstruction with excessive phlegm. Dizziness and headache. Stiffness and tension in the neck and nape. Alternating chills and fever. Restless limb pain. Chest and diaphragm fullness. Difficulty expectorating phlegm. Cough with wheezing and chest fullness. Thick and sticky sputum. Seasonal cold epidemic. High fever with aversion to wind. Presence of cold causes sweating; dominance of wind leads to relief.
Jinfeyao (Farfarae Flos, 3 liang, remove stems), Jingjie (Schizonepetae Spica, 4 liang), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, 3 liang, remove roots and nodes), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 1 liang), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, washed seven times in boiling water, 1 liang).
Crush the above ingredients into a powder. Take 3 qian per dose, decoct in 1.5 cups of water with 3 slices of Shengjiang, 7 cun of Sangbaipi, and one Wumei. For headache, add half a peel of Youye (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride). For toothache, use the hot decoction for gargling. For various wind syndromes and large intestine wind constipation. Sharp stabbing pain in the left hypochondrium. Add Zhike (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, 1 liang, remove pith) to each batch. For wind-heat stagnation in the zang-fu, irritability, qi stagnation with abdominal pain, and constipation, grind Congbai into a paste, stir-fry over low heat, wrap in a cloth, and apply as a compress to the umbilicus. Then take Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), Puxiao (Natrii Sulfas), and Bohe each 5 qian for rapid effect. Applicable for dispersing various winds. For pregnant women with cold damage, severe headache, high fever, and restlessness, add Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Renshen, Huangqin, and Shengshigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) each 1 liang. For hot cough with dryness, add Puxiao 5 qian. Take after meals.
Xiaochaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction)
Treats cold damage after four or five days. Alternating chills and fever, chest and hypochondriac fullness and pain. Silent desire not to eat. Irritability. Or vomiting and thirst. Or abdominal pain. Or hypochondriac palpable mass and hardness. Or subcostal palpitations. Dysuria. Or no thirst. Slight fever on the body. Or cough. Or disease passing through meridians without resolution. Tidal fever remaining. Half-exterior half-interior syndrome, not suitable for sweating or purging methods. Post-recovery fatigue relapse with drowsy fever. Wind strike in women with menstruation suddenly stopping, indicating heat entering the blood chamber, causing malaria-like symptoms. Postpartum cold damage with headache and fever. Also treats pediatric alternating chills and fever.
Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix, 2 liang, remove rhizome), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, washed seven times in boiling water, 6 qian), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, remove rhizome), Fencao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, each 3 fen).
Crush the above ingredients into a powder. Take 5 qian per dose, decoct in 1.5 cups of water with 5 slices of Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) and one date (Jujubae Fructus) until reduced to 0.6 cup. Take before meals. For abdominal pain, remove Huangqin. Add Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix, 3 fen) to each batch. For subcostal palpitations and dysuria, remove Huangqin and add Fuling (Poria, 1 liang). For no thirst with exterior cold and interior heat, remove Renshen and add Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, 3 fen). Take warm, cover to induce slight sweating for cure. For cough, add Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus, 3 qian, moist type). For chest irritability, add Gualou (Trichosanthis Fructus, 5 qian). For thirst, add Renshen and Gualou each 5 qian. For hypochondriac palpable mass and hardness, remove dates and add Muli (Ostreae Concha powder) and Zhishi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus) each 5 qian. For disease passing through meridians without resolution, afternoon fever, followed by mild diarrhea, add Mangxiao (Natrii Sulfas, 5 qian). For drinking with sweating, add Fuling and Guizhi each 5 qian. For body heat with slight intestinal loose stools, add Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, 5 qian). For irritability and heat, add two roots of Baimaogen (Imperatae Rhizoma), one piece of Baizhuqing (Bambusae Folium) the size of a thumb, and 0.5 qian of Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix). For hot abdominal pain, add seven skins of Baizhuyequ (Bambusae Folium), Chishaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra), and Zhike each 1 qian. For epistaxis, add Shengdihuang (Rehmanniae Radix).
Da Chaihu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction)
Treats cold damage after ten or more days, with pathogenic factors knotting internally. Alternating chills and fever. Constipation with difficulty. Abdominal fullness and distending pain. Delirious speech. Subcostal palpable mass and hardness. Inability to eat. Or urgency in the epigastrium, depressed mild irritability. Or white coating in the mouth. Or no bowel movement for five or six days, sharp stabbing pain around the umbilicus. Occasional irritability. And post-sweating malaria-like symptoms. Evening fever. Or fever with sweating. Or six or seven days with unclear vision and fixed eyes. Without exterior or interior signs, slight body heat indicates interior excess. Combined with zang-fu excess and strong pulse, it can be taken. Mild cases use Chaihu; severe cases use Chengqi formulas.
Zhishi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, roasted, remove pith, 0.5 liang), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix, remove hairs and rhizome, 0.5 jin), Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, 2 liang), Chishaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra, 3 liang), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, washed seven times in boiling water, 2 liang).
Mix the above five ingredients evenly into a powder, blend with Banxia. Take 3 da qian per dose, decoct in 1.5 cups of water with 3 slices of Shengjiang and one red date. Or add ten skins of Kuzhuye (Phyllostachys nigra leaf). Decoct until reduced to one zhong cup. Strain and take warm. Take after meals and before sleep. For high fever, use 1 he of Kuzhuye Li (Bamboo Sap). This medicine treats internal heat and interior excess in cold damage. If the body...
Xiao Chengqi Tang (Minor Order the Qi Decoction)
Treats deepening cold damage, fearing dry feces. If gas passes in the abdomen, purging may proceed. If no gas passes, the stool is likely hard initially and loose later; do not purge. Purging will cause abdominal fullness, inability to eat, and hiccups upon drinking water. Subsequent fever will make the stool hard. If abdominal fullness and blockage are severe, or Yangming meridian sweating causes fluid loss, leading to dry-heat in the intestines and stomach, the stool will be hard with delirium and slippery pulse. After vomiting/purging, mild irritability, frequent urination, constipation, or diarrhea with delirium. From onset for two or three days, weak pulse, without Taiyang or Chaihu signs, irritability and epigastric knotting. By day four or five, even if able to eat, give Xiao Chengqi Tang in small amounts to harmonize and bring slight relief.
Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, 4 liang), Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, remove coarse bark, roasted, 2 liang), Zhishi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, roasted, remove pith, 5 qian).
Crush the above ingredients into a powder. Take 5 qian per dose, decoct in 2 cups of water until reduced to 0.8 cup. Strain and take warm. Stop when bowels move. If not moved, take again.
Da Chengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction)
Treats simultaneous exterior and interior heat, with more severe disease progression. Yangming pulse slow, sweating, aversion to cold replaced by aversion to heat. Heavy body, shortness of breath. Manic speech seeing ghosts. Severe cases: unconsciousness, picking at clothes and bedrails, fearfulness and unrest. Slight wheezing, staring eyes. Yangming interior heat. Or unresolved after vomiting/purging, no bowel movement for five or six days. Tidal fever at dusk. Chest and heart irritability and anguish, malaria-like, deep solid pulse. Or dysuria, or abdominal fullness, solidity, pain, and thirst, solid rapid deep pulse. Severe intestinal dryness, retained fluids not dispersing, elevated chest and abdomen, unbearable pain, only vomiting cold liquid, extreme thirst unable to drink, forced drinking fails, upper wheezing and stifling sensation.
Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, 4 liang, wine-washed), Mangxiao (Natrii Sulfas, 3 he, equivalent to 2 liang), Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, 0.5 jin, roasted, remove coarse bark), Zhishi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, 1 liang, roasted).
Crush the above ingredients into a powder. Take 5 qian per dose, decoct in 2 cups of water. First decoct Houpo and Zhishi until slightly more than 1 cup. Add Dahuang, decoct until 0.8 cup. Strain, add Mangxiao, boil once more. Take warm. Stop when bowels move. If not moved, take again.
Tiaowei Chengqi Tang (Harmonize the Stomach Order the Qi Decoction)
Treats cases after various sweating and harmonizing treatments, no longer averse to cold, only fever, feeling steaming-hot. Or deepening days with epigastric nausea, chest pain, loose stool, abdominal fullness, depressed mild irritability, preceded by vomiting/purging. Or deepening days with interior heat and delirium, requiring purging, but previous use of Silver Powder (Yinfen) and Croton Seed (Badou) harsh toxic pills damaged true yin, worsening pathogenic heat, leading to協热 (collateral heat) persistent diarrhea. Or exterior-interior heat, purged too early, invading deficiency, failing to form Jie Xiong (chest binding), resulting only in persistent heat diarrhea, epigastric fullness/hardness/pain, irritability/thirst/dry throat, slippery rapid solid pulse. Various abdominal fullness/solidity/pain, irritability/thirst/delirium, red urine, hard stool, slippery solid tight pulse.
Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), Mangxiao (Natrii Sulfas), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, equal parts).
Crush the above ingredients into a powder. Take 5 qian per dose, decoct in 2 cups of water until reduced to 0.6 cup. Strain, add Mangxiao, boil once more. Take warm in one dose.
San'ao Tang (Three Unobstructed Decoction)
Treats cold damage from wind-cold, nasal cold, loss of voice, headache with stiffness and fatigue. (Formula see Cough category.)
Baidu San (Defeat Toxin Powder)
Treats cold damage and seasonal qi, headache with stiff neck, fever with aversion to cold, restless limb pain, cough, nasal congestion with heavy voice. Wind-phlegm headache, vomiting and hiccups.
Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, remove rhizome), Chi Fuling (Poria with Red Heart, remove rhizome), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Qianhu (Peucedani Radix, remove seed heads), Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix, remove rhizome), Bei Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix, remove seed heads), Zhike (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus).
Crush the above ingredients into a powder. Take 4 qian per dose, decoct in 1.5 cups of water with 3 slices of Shengjiang and five skins of Bohe Ye (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba). Take hot at any time. For dampness-induced lower back pain, add Baizhu and Mugua (Chaenomelis Fructus) in equal parts. For foot pain, add Tianma (Gastrodiae Rhizoma, 1 liang). For gout with swelling, heat, and redness, add Dahuang and Chao Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma, fried) in equal parts; usually cured in one or two doses. For plague/cold damage, headache, blurred vision, fever with increased chills, severe lower back/foot pain, excessive wind/phlegm/qi, or living in damp lowlands with weak legs, it is also effective. For cold damage epistaxis, add Baimaogen and Shengdihuang each 1 liang. For sores and urticaria, add ten Cicada Sloughs (Cicadae Periostracum, remove feet and wings) and Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix, 5 qian). For initial carbuncles/furuncles with redness/swelling/chills-fever, combine with Shengma Gegen Tang (see above), add Shengdihuang, Hong Neixiao (unknown, possibly a local herb name, literal: Red Internal Eliminator), and Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix, remove heart) each 1 liang, remove seed heads, decoct, take hot for immediate dispersion. For common wind-cold-dampness entering collaterals causing lower back/foot pain or bi-syndrome weakness, combine with Wuji San (see below), add Mugua, Chuan Niuxi (Cyathulae Radix, remove seed heads), and Binglang (Arecae Semen, chopped) each 1 liang, decoct for immediate effect. Winter combination warms against cold; spring combination is highly effective for warm epidemics.